...Abstract Traditional events and festivals have become increasingly important on tourism. The cultural events encourage cultural atmosphere, create recreational experiences, and generate revenues. The Bun Festival is a cultural event and attracts 60,000 people in 2009. In this dissertation, it studies the Bun Festival on Cheng Chau Island to investigate the visitors’ satisfaction experience and authenticity of the Bun Festival. The visitors’ perception on the Bun Festival will be found from a visitor survey. A survey is asked the visitors who have participated the Bun Festival before. The results present that although perceived authenticity of the Bun Festival is high, majority of visitors is not motivated by the tradition and culture, is not enough knowledge to analysis. The visitors are not antipathy for commercial of the Bun Festival, because they look for relaxation and entertainment. The recommendations for future development of the Bun Festival are suggested based the findings. Keywords: Cultural Tourism, Bun Festival, Visitors’ Perceptions of Authenticity 2 Table of Contents Abstract Table of Contents List of Illustrations Charter 1 Introduction ........................................................................................................... 6 1.1 Background:..................................................................................................................... 6 1.2 Reason for Choosing This Topic:.....................
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...African Journal of Hospitality, Tourism and Leisure Vol. 4 (1) - (2015) ISSN: 2223-814X Copyright: © 2014 AJHTL - Open Access- Online @ http//: www.ajhtl.com The perceived contribution of South African arts festivals to the performing arts: standardisation of the measurement scale *Dr SC Pretorius Faculty of Human and Social Sciences, Department of History, Politics and Tourism, NorthWest University, Mafikeng Campus, South Africa. E-mail: corne.pretorius@nwu.ac.za, Tel: 018 389 2303, Fax: 018 389 2504, Private Bag X2046, Mmabatho, South Africa, 2735. Dr P Viviers North-West University, South Africa. Dr K Botha North-West University, South Africa. * Corresponding Author Abstract The standardisation of a measurement scale to measure an arts festival‟s contribution to the performing arts is described. The measurement scale, namely the questionnaire, is based on literature, where the contributing factors, namely economic, emotional, educational, marketing, quality and growth and development contribution of an arts festival to the performing arts are determined based on the perception of the festival visitor. The scale proved to be a valid measure, as the exploratory factor analysis on the combined data of Innibos and Vryfees (n = 982) supported construct validity and criterion validity. Further validity was proven by a confirmatory factor analysis on the data of KKNK (n = 602). CFA fit indices also indicate that the model has a satisfactory fit with the data...
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...Festivals and events are seen as a tool for raising awareness and as a catalyst in promoting a favourable destination image to potential tourists (Lertputtarak, 2012). The image of a destination can be enhanced by the success of an event (Baloglu & McCleary, 1999). In the words of “Lawson & Baud Bovy (1977), the concept of destination image is defined as the expression of all objective knowledge, prejudices, imagination and emotional thoughts of an individual or group about a particular location” (Dominique & Lopes, 2011, p. 307). Additionally, “other authors define the image as the sum of all beliefs, ideas and impressions that people associate with a destination (Crompton, 1979; Kotler, Haider & Rein, 1993)” (Dominique & Lopes, 2011, p. 307). This paper discusses the impact of events on destination image enhancement. Destination image is formed from several sources of information. Event information sources are the forces which influence the forming of perceptions and evaluations of a region’s characteristics. It will be argued, using the specific example of the ‘Exit’ event staged in 2000, that public exposure through extensive media coverage and word of mouth communications are the main elements that contribute to a positive destination image. Furthermore, it will be demonstrated how hosting events present an opportunity for marketers, as part of their strategy, to help position their destination and enhance their global image. As illustrated by the ‘Mardi Gras’ event staged...
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...decisions will make investors invest on them and they can raise money from them. Main body Decision making can be made through six different ways. Throughput Model highlights the various pathways in which ethical reasoning can affect a decision may be helpful for future decision. The first pathway is P-D (perception-decision). The fashion designer of ABC Company is a British. As what he thinks, fashion is to pursue personal’s beauty. So the clothes he designs are tightly shape or sexy which can represent a beauty of human body. The company sell them to China. As a result, it does not receive an expectation marketing share. The reason is that the designer is based on its own perception (P) for fashion without considering Chinese traditional culture before making a decision (D). Clothing forming China is not as important as that in UK or US. Chinese pay more attention to the artistic conception not the character’s body. It can also be seen that Chinese and Americans have different values. Americans are more likely to realize their own value, while Chinese are more likely harmonious. As the information is incomplete, or inadequately understood, only based on perception, the company could not make cloths a differentiation. They will make a wrong decision and will have no competitive advantages in China...
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...Events Measuring the Impacts of Large Scale Cultural Events: A Literature Review May 2009 Report by Floris Langen (University of Glasgow) and Beatriz Garcia (Impacts 08) Impacts 08 is a joint programme of the University of Liverpool and Liverpool John Moores University Commissioned by Liverpool City Council Impacts 08 – Langen & Garcia | Measuring Impacts of Cultural Events | May 2009 Table of Contents 1. Summary ........................................................................................................................................................ 3 2. Introduction: measuring the impacts of large scale cultural events ................................................................ 3 3. Major cultural festivals and events ................................................................................................................. 3 4. Cultural mega events ..................................................................................................................................... 5 5. European Capitals of Culture ......................................................................................................................... 7 6. Discussion ...................................................................................................................................................... 9 7. Bibliography ..........................................................................................................................
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...company altogether, a new addition to the existing market, an existing product diversified to serve new markets or an amalgamation of some or all of these. (Crawford, 1994; Ansoff, 1987 cited in Haq, Wong & Jackson, 2008). Managers of festival organisations need to- embrace, develop and implement innovative practises if they are to stay ahead of competition, sustain the future of the festival and to avoid failure. Changes in the market, emerging problems and the inevitable challenges that exist within the festival life cycle need to be counteracted with new, innovative ways of delivering the festival (Carlson et al, 2010). Furthermore, Bessant and Tidd (2011) postulate that innovation is the ‘most important characteristic associated with success’ and that those companies that ‘gain market share and increase profitability are those that are innovative’. The Director of the Edinburgh International Science Festival is aware of how important innovation is when competing with other organisations stating- ‘Product and service innovation give you competitive edge in most market places and it is certainly true of ours. The knack is to know what is the right sort of innovation you need and to do it well’ – Gage (2012). The Edinburgh International Science Festival (2012) mission statement is to: ‘inspire, encourage and challenge people of all ages and backgrounds to explore and understand the world around them’. Through researching this charity organization there has been extensive evidence...
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...Chapter I THE PROBLEM AND ITS BACKGROUND Introduction Sustainable tourism development is actually taking proactive steps for long-term success that requires long-term sustainable tourism planning that brings all of the major local stakeholders to the table. It makes use of intelligent, sustainable tourism planning to focus on shared goals to move the entire community forward and create a Master Tourism Plan. And in addition major local stakeholders establish unique and creative funding options and marketing options that ensure success for the new tourism organization and the entire community as they move and grow into the future (Kerns, 2010). Local governments and tourism bureaus are the ones tasked with bringing all of the stakeholders to the table and creating a long-term, sustainable tourism master plan that will benefit everyone in the community. These leaders face the difficult task of managing very different groups while creating an attractive tourism product that encourages the desired type of tourist to visit. Local residents are essential partners in any tourism development efforts, as their lives will inevitably be touched by an increase in tourism. If the residents in a community are completely unwelcoming of tourism, then it will eventually fail. On the other hand, welcoming and friendly residents will create a warm and comfortable atmosphere where sustainable tourism will be able to flourish. Poorly planned tourism efforts will result in the failure of...
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...The variance in treatment and perspective of animals are found throughout different regions in the globe. No one universal moral standard exists, along with no standard is more right than the other. The reason being is because of the variation in culture that exists in every area. Culture is the attitude and belief of people within that area. People of different cultures have different perception of animals and how they should be treated and seen, which allows for multiple moral standards. This is where western culture such as the Untied States differs from eastern culture like China and India. Also, different regions in the same hemisphere can differ in moral standards for animals because they have a different culture. For instance, western...
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..... we look for opportunities where we can offer something better, fresher, and more valuable, and we seize them. We often move into areas where the competition is complacent... We are pro-active and quick to act, often leaving bigger and more cumbersome organizations in our wake." (1) Virgin Mobile USA had a number of things going for them despite a crowded cellular marketplace. For starters, they had a CEO who had experience in telecom as he was formerly an executive with AT&T. Schulman also had experience with successful pricing strategies and technology as former CEO of Priceline.com. The biggest plus for the startup was the support and backing by its management and stakeholders who genuinely wanted to garner success against the perception of another market saturated run poorly with complacency and poor customer service. The bar was set high for success, as Schulman's goal was to have acquired 3 million customers by their fourth year of operation. I believe that Virgin Mobile USA took a big gamble in targeting a niche that was essentially written off by the other players in the industry as being largely unprofitable. Perhaps the market leaders over-analyzed or were not as comfortable managing a segment that had fluctuating demand. I also think that Virgin Mobiles approach to targeting customer’s ages 15 to 29 years old was spot on since these customers if treated correctly, would have significant upside for enhancing positive lifetime value for the company that embraced...
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...RAMA NAVAMI What is Rama Navami? Rama Navami is also known as Sri Rama Navami. This is the most important festival in the Hinduism religion. This festival celebrates the birth of Rama, Rama Navami is celebrated on the ninth day of the bright fortnight of a Hindu month of Chaitra (April/May). In some regions, the festival is spread over nine days. This day, marks the birthday of Lord Rama, it’s also observed as the marriage day of Rama and Sita and thus also referred to as Kalyanotsavam. What is the significance of Rama Navami? The significance of Rama Navami ritual is that the day begins with the offering of prayer to the Sun. The Sun symbolizes power. Hindu religion considers the Sun as Rama's ancestor. Therefore, the aim of praying to the Sun at the beginning of that day means to seek the blessing of supreme power. Devotees of Rama spend this day by singing devotional song and listening recitations from various types of religious books. Chanting of Vedic hymns has a key role for such occasion. Preachers also preach sermons from religious texts. All of these customary practices make people aware about the difference between right and wrong. Chariot processing is an indispensable part of Ram Navami festival. The devotees place the images of Rama, Sita, Lakshmana and Hanuman in a well decorated chariot and start processing on the streets. Through this processing, the devotees declare about the peaceful days of Rama's reign. In Southern states of India, devotees observe this...
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...Introduction: Teletalk, is the only telecommunications service provider in Bangladesh owned by the government. With more than 3,600,000 users, Teletalk is a leading mobile phone operator in the country. Teletalk was the first company to introduce 3G technology in Bangladesh. It also established the first 24-hour Call Center to support its subscribers. With the slogan Amader Phone, Teletalk promises its customers to bring the best of communication technologies so that they can stay close. HRM Practices in Teletalk: Human Resources (HR) Department, an important of Administration Division plays very vital role in the total functioning of TELETALK. The traditional management functions – Planning, organizing, staffing, leading, controlling – all these are conducted by HR division. The informal structure of HR according to its functions can be classified into three main categories they are: Human Resource Management (HRM) Human Resource Development (HRD) Human Resource Management Information System (HRMIS) Here, we will discuss about Human Resource Management (HRM) of Teletalk limited. Under the HRM function there is: Job Analysis Human Resource Planning (HRP) Recruitment & Selection process Training & Development Compensation Performance Appraisal Employee motivation A) Job Analysis: Every management job is to have a stated purpose & a list of major responsibilities. These should be clearly described & agreed between the incumbent and the superior. The job is to...
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...WHEN NO GOOD DEED GOES UNPUNISHED: THE CASE OF THE MISPRINTED PHONE NUMBER Diane Bandow, Troy University Global Campus, Atlanta, GA Tish Matuszek, Troy University Montgomery Campus, Montgomery, AL Michael Anderson, Atlanta, GA ABSTRACT Mark volunteered to help with the community arts festival; he was supporting the not-for-profit organization as he had in the past. However, he did not know his good intentions as a volunteer would cost him his job as an assistant manager. The retail store’s phone number was printed in the festival advertising in error and ticket requests overloaded the phone lines, causing loss of business and annoyed the store manager. As a result, Mark was seen as the cause of the problems and terminated. The Board of Directors did not respond to his request for an investigation, leaving Mark without a job and wondering what had happened to cause an unhappy experience when he had such good intentions. Teaching objectives: • Identify the impact of substantive areas of organizational behavior in a realistic scenario • Define how various leadership and motivational models may be used best to improve productivity and job satisfaction within organizations. • Demonstrate how various leadership and motivational models may be used best to improve productivity and job satisfaction within organizations • Demonstrate the importance of an ethical approach to business • Provide an example of how various aspects of organizational...
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...difference between Experience and User Experience Design. Although different, these two areas of design are very closely related and should be used together. Marc Hassenzahl, a Professor for Experience and Interaction at the Folkwang University of Arts in Essen, explains that UX is just a sub-category of Experience Design that mainly focuses on interactive products while Experience Design is focusing on how to deliberately create and shape experiences. The challenge that we, as designers, face is that Experience and UX is not about technology, industrial design, or interfaces. While all of these play a big role in designing experiences, ultimately it is more important to create meaningful experiences through various mediums (devices, products, festivals, etc.). The key benefits that come from experiences are the memories they create, not necessarily just the experience you are having while in the moment. As Hassenzahl puts it, “most of our waking time, we are feasting on vivid memories of the past (or anticipations) rather than on immediate pleasures.”(Hassenzahl, 2010). Jani Modig, an Experience Designer from Deloitte Digital, differentiates the two by explaining that UX might focus on a single part of an experience or service (ex. booking a hotel room through an app) but Experience Design considers all channels and touchpoints (ex. seeing an ad for a hotel room online through the checkout at reception). He adds it’s about “seamless and consistent experiences during the entire customer...
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...“Culture” The culture of India refers to the way of life of the people of India. India's languages, religions, dance, music, architecture, food, and customs differ from place to place within the country. The Indian culture, often labelled as an amalgamation of several cultures, spans across the Indian subcontinent and has been influenced by a history that is several millennia old.[1][2] Many elements of India's diverse cultures, such as Indian religions, yoga, and Indian cuisine, have had a profound impact across the world ‘Religions” Main article: Religion in India India is the birthplace of Hinduism, Buddhism, Jainism and Sikhism, collectively known as Indian religions Indian religions, also known as Dharmic religions are a major form of world religions along with Abrahamic one. Today, Hinduism and Buddhism are the world's third and fourth-largest religions respectively, with over 2 billion followers altogether, and possibly as many as 2.5 or 2.6 billion followers India is one of the most religiously diverse nations in the world, with some of the most deeply religious societies and cultures. Religion still plays a central and definitive role in the life of many of its people. According to a 2001 census of India, the religion of...
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...underline and promote values of local, national or international importance, and they throw light on the societies, institutions and elites who are involved with them. Researchers approach them from a variety of perspectives: social historians may explore early mega-events like the Great Exhibition of 1851 and the St Louis World Fair of 1904 in the context of economic and political imperialism; sociologists may examine the ways in which all such festivals are consumed, and analyse how nations and power elites project certain images through the ceremonies they engage in. Tracing the evolution of mega-events from their earliest manifestations to the imposing examples of the modern Olympic Games can reveal some fascinating similarities. In fact, the earliest Games in the modern series shared the stage with trade festivals (for example, the World Fairs in Paris, 1900 and St Louis, 1904). A number of the publications produced by these festivals are held by the British Library, as are materials from a wide range of other early festivals. Studied in conjunction with the official Olympic Games reports - many of which contain exhaustive detail about the planning carried out by the host city we can learn a lot about the beliefs and ambitions these events hold in common. A selection of such materials are listed in the mega-events bibliography. The illustration shows the title page of the Olympic Games programme at the St Louis exposition of 1904 which was also combined with ‘world’s championship...
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