...DISCURSO FÚNEBRE DE PERICLES Los atenienses eran una sociedad humilde, teniendo en cuenta su condición en la sociedad más civilizada en la Tierra en ese momento, especialmente en comparación con sus vecinos y enemigos, como los espartanos, fueron muy respetuosos con lo que habían construido, luchado y ganado. Pericles hace referencia de Atenas como una ciudad grande y noble, que sirve como una plantilla o inspiración para todos los demás como la primera democracia verdadera. "Nuestra constitución no copia las leyes de los estados vecinos, somos más bien un patrón para otros“, su administración favorece a muchos en lugar de unos pocos, es por eso que se llama democracia. Si miramos a las leyes, garantizar la igualdad de justicia para todos en sus diferencias particulares, y no en su posición social, el avance en la vida pública cae a la reputación de la capacidad, las consideraciones de clase no están autorizados a interferir con el mérito. Esto no es todo lo que Pericles alaba, elogia también el poder y la habilidad del ejército ateniense y la marina. Habla de lo abiertos y libres que son, como aceptar a los extranjeros y cómo a pesar de su trato fácil y estilo de vida, mantienen el ejército más fuerte en Grecia. Habla de cómo los atenienses temen por sus tierras, y cómo los enemigos exageran su poder cuando están en Atenas. Atenas, en pocas palabras, era difícil de lidiar. En este punto, hacia el final, Tucídides emplea un ligero paralelismo cuando Pericles habla de la reputación...
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...There are many figures in the history of the world that are remembered for different accomplishments they have achieved. From the Found Fathers, to Martin Luther King Jr., even people like Stalin and Hitler; all these historical figures have done huge things to change the world. What Pericles is specifically trying to say however, is that it is not the grand actions that one has done that ultimately matter in a person’s life, but how they treated others that matters in the long run. Pericles is correct in his statement because no matter what a person has done in their life, if they are an unkind person, it taints what good they had done. An example of this is John Forbes Nash Jr. There is a movie based on his life and it paints him as a...
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...of a statesman. A statesman from a layman’s point of view is usually a politician, diplomat or other notable public figure that has had a long and respected career at the national and international level. Statesman as the term denotes (diplomat or other notable public figure), is prevalent in the 5th and 4th century history of Greece. Pericles and Alcibiades are considered by the Greeks (Athenians especially), as their most notable and praised statesmen who fostered the course of democracy. This write-up will therefore look at the roles of Pericles and Alcibiades (in the realm of democracy) in Greek (Athenian) history and also focusing on each party’s true statesmanship based on their achievements. I will like to state emphatically that sources on these two personalities are from Plutarch and Thucydides, as they are considered to have given accounts on them. In a more pressing and elaborative sense, other sources may come in handy. Pericles was born in Athens in about 495 BC to a family of wealth and position. His father, Xanthippus, was also a statesman, and his mother, Agariste, was a member of the politically powerful Alcmaeonid family. Pericles himself first gained fame in the spring of 472, when he provided and trained the chorus for Aeschylus' play 'The...
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...Traditionalist or progressive? Maybe he’s just pragmatic. Pericles has pride in his state, one rooted in the creation of Athens as a great power in the Mediterranean world. The type of patriotism, which comes from an appreciation of the contributions of forefathers to the creation of a state, often seems to be associated with a traditionalist view, one harking back to the great triumphs of generations past. In searching for ways to repeat the actions of ancestors it is possible to overlook new possibilities, which create a secure and improved future for the state. Although Pericles mentions the importance of what was accomplished by great men who have since passed he has a specific goal as he addresses the men of Athens. He does not aim to bring a longing for...
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...In his plague speech, Pericles implies that a citizen supports his polis by surrendering “domestic affiliations” and contributing his services. To begin with, Thucydides writes, “Since then a state can support the misfortunes of private citizens, while they cannot support hers, it is surely the duty of every one to be forward in her defence, and not like you to be so confounded with your domestic affiliations as to give up all thoughts of the common safety.” Because a democracy reflects the views of the people, it is imperative that the common person be able to formulate wise and rational opinions. A citizen might harm his polis by ignoring the welfare of his polis and acting out of personal gain. Furthermore, Pericles tells the assembly that...
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...PERICLES Pericles was an Ancient Greek statesman. He was born C. 495 BCE in Athens, Greece. His Father, Xanthippus, and his mother, Agariste, were both wealthy and influential figures. Young Pericles received a great education in Maths and Music under the tutelage of Damon and theoretical physicist Zeno of Alea. When he was 17, Pericles inherited a fortune from his parents which he used to fund others’ artistic endeavors, including a 472 B.C. staging of playwright Aeschylus’ The Persae. By his 20s Pericles became an established patron of the arts through sponsoring the festival of Dionysus. At this time Pericles met and married his wife and they later had 2 sons. In 470 BCE after becoming prominent in the law courts he entered politics....
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...DATOS BIOGRÁFICOS DEL AUTOR Y LA OBRA Janet Miriam Holland Taylor Caldwell nació el 7 de septiembre de 1900 en Manchester, Inglaterra y falleció en Greenwich, Conneticut, el 2 de septiembre de 1985. También se le conocía por sus pseudónimos Marcus Holland, Max Reiner, y su nombre de casada, J. Miriam Reback. Escribió varias novelas con su marido, Marcus Reback, entre las que destacan La dinastía de muerte y La columna de hierro, novela con la que alcanzó la cima de su popularidad. Taylor emigró a los Estados Unidos con su familia en 1907, poco después falleció su padre. Con tan sólo ocho años empezó a escribir relatos, y terminó su primera novela con doce. En 1919 se casó con William F. Combs, con quien tuvo a su hija Peggy. Se divorció de Combs en 1931, año en el que se licenció en la Universidad de Buffalo, Nueva York. Trabajó para varios departamentos estatales de Buffalo, hasta dedicarse de pleno a la escritura. Llegó a casarse cuatro veces en total, y no dejó de escribir hasta 1980, año en el que un infarto la dejó sorda e incapaz de hablar. Es conocida por crear diversas grandes sagas familiares, con temáticas centradas en la intolerancia social, racial y étnica y el enfrentamiento entre el deseo de poder y dinero y las aspiraciones espirituales, familiares y amorosas. En sus obras más tardías se centró en historias de personajes que abandonaban la miseria para alcanzar una gran fortuna. Sus novelas eran a menudo de corte histórico, y la religión jugaba un papel...
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...Thucydides, in his History of the Peloponnesian War, attempts to create a lasting piece of literature to be used by future generations. He uses the Athenian empire as an example of how politics work, especially during times of war, and how they can change through speeches from major debates. Through these dialogues, Thucydides is able to characterize the Athenian empire as an imperialistic and arrogant force whose external popularity was awful and whose internal popularity gradually degraded as the war lingered on. One of the main questions that must be answered when determining the overall view of Athens is whether they were a tyranny or, what the Athenians believed, a democracy. At the outbreak of the war “so bitter was the general feeling...
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...Abstract This paper will be using sculptural and ceramic illustrations provided by Soltes, explain the evolution from Geometric Greek art into Classical Greek art, culminating with the construction and decoration of the Parthenon (The Temple of Athena). It will discuss what social, cultural/historic events accompanied and promoted this evolution. Greek art and sculpture has had a profound effect throughout the ages. Many of the styles have been reproduced and copied by some of what the modern day audiences would class as some of the finest artists to have ever lived. The Greeks used many different types of materials in their sculptures including stone, marble and limestone as these were abundant in Greece. Other materials such as clay were also used but due to their brittle nature very few have survived. Greek sculptures are very important as the vast majority of them tell us a story about Gods, Heroes, Events, Mythical Creatures and Greek culture in general. Many of the statues that have survived are actually of Roman origin. Like many people today the Romans had a deep respect for Greek sculptures and many were copied. If the Romans had not made these copies, many of the Greek Legends and stories that we know today would have been lost to antiquity. Geometric Art was a dramatic transformation that led to the establishment of primary Greek institutions such as the Greek city and the Greek alphabet. Although primarily visual, transformation is a concept...
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...Artistic Monuments The Age of Pericles refers to the period in Greek history that spans from the Persian Wars in 448 BCE to the death of Pericles 429 BCE or the Peloponnesian War in 404 BCE. Pericles was an Athenian general, politician and orator known for his noteworthy achievements. He gave Athens an unmatched splendor. Hence, his name denotes the Athenian Golden Age. High Italian Renaissance peaked in the 15th century. The Renaissance is known for numerous cultural achievements. Works of art by Michelangelo and Leonardo da Vinci and architectural structures such as The Duomo and St. Peter's Basilica were created during this time. On the Greek side, the Age of Pericles also produced various works of arts known for perfection. The works were religious such as Temple of Olympian Zeus, Temple of Apollo in Delphi, the massive project Acropolis of Athens which was built by the best architects, sculptors and workers during their time. The Acropolis was considered the most perfect monument in Greek art. During the High Italian Renaissance, Italy's condition was less than perfect but it somehow inspired the citizens to build the best architectural structures. The Age of Pericles saw an era of progress for the Greeks and through the financial aid of the Delian League, Greek art and sculptures also flourished during this time. High Italian Renaissance plunged Italy into turmoil was wars and invasions spread. In sharp contrast, Age of Pericles saw relative peace and quiet...
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...I feel the most interesting part about this video was the huge statue of Athena that Pericles had placed in the Parthenon. The reason why I found this so interesting is because of the shear height of the statue standing thirty-nine feet tall. Also, the statue of Athena helped to look over and protect the city of Athens where it was located. The way it was made I found very interesting as well. The reason for this is that Pericles and the rest of Athens gathered the money through taxes for the return of protection by Athens for the other cities. The six-foot statue that the statue of Athena is also interesting in what it helps to represent with Athena. With this video, I feel that a documentary like this represents the values of being able to provide visual aides for all of the items and people that it explains throughout. Also, by doing this, you get an idea of what the architecture and lifestyle was like back during this time. It also allows established academic researchers to give their side of the story to describe the events and reasons why these sort of events took place during this time of the fifth century. This video also makes it easier to learn about the history because it is more interesting to watch something on a topic then to read about it because you do not get the entire effects and passion from just reading about something as you do watching it and really being able to see what was going...
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...causes. The Spartans were afraid of the power the Athenians had gathered. The Athenians were also expanding land very quickly. In book two begins with a description of the strategy that both sides would use to win the war. The Athenians had much money and sea power. They were counting on outlasting the Spartans with this ability. The Spartans had a different and more complex strategy. They tried to convince the cities to revolt and join their cause for a “Better Greece.” By doing this, they tried to draw the Athenians from their city. The Plague was also talked about. It paralyzed the Athenians and their people. Many died from this horrible disease. A famous person by the name of Pericles died during this disease. He was an influential Greek orator and general of Athens during this time. Pericles gave motivational speeches for the Athenians and Thucydides claims things would have been different had he not perished. In book three it begins with Mytilene. Mytilene was a city that refused to join either side of the war. A huge debate came of this. This debate was essentially between Cleon and Diodotus. There were some aspects of human nature also discussed in this book. It talks about the anarchy and civil war that followed in Corcyra. Thucydides talks about the savagery of these anarchists in depth. There was also talk about Demosthenes. He was the greatest of all ancient Greek orators. After the Athenians were defeated in one battle, Demosthenes would not return to Athens for...
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...grow jealous and afraid of the Athenians power and challenge to their authority. This led to a serious of quarrels in the 460’s BC which came to be known as the First Peloponnesian War. This ended in 445 with the Thirty Years’ Peace. Peace lasted for over a decade but in 431 Sparta’s ally Thebes attacked Athens’ ally Plataea. The following spring, a large Spartan army invaded Attica and cut down the Athenians’ grain, destroyed farmhouses, and country homes. Pericles, who was the leader of Athens, established a strategy in which land battles would be avoided and instead raids would be launched around the Peloponnesus. He waited for the Spartans to realize that they had no strategy that could lead them to a victory. This was difficult for him to do, however, because many of the Athenians wanted to go out and fight. Unfortunately for Athens, a plague hit which led to not only many physical deaths, but a defeated moral of the people as well. The Athenians attempted to ask for peace but Sparta refused and the war continued on. Pericles then died of the plague in 429 (Kagan,...
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...Athenian Democracy Greeks are known to be the creators of democracy. In our readings we find two perspectives on Athenian democracy. The two people in the readings are the Old Oligarch, an anonymous author who in the late 5th century B.C. wrote a short essay that explained Athenian democracy according to his view, and Pericles, a 5th century B.C. statesman who made a speech in honor of those who had fallen in the Peloponnesian war. These two readings show us how two men of seemingly opposite views arrived at the same opinion of democracy in Athens. The Old Oligarch was a critique of Athenian democracy. He was more liberal in saying that the structure of the Athenian government favored the rich aristocrats and suppressed the poor. When in his opinion he thought it was fairer that the common and poor classes should have been given more consideration than the rich and men of birth. He argued that it was the common people that made Athens great because it was the People that gave the city more power than the aristocratic class (Sourcebook, p153). Another thing that differentiated the Old Oligarch from Pericles is the fact that the Old Oligarch recognized slaves in Greek society praising Athens for treating them with some equality. For example, in the city where there would be slaves and aristocrats, a slave is not entitled to bow and step aside to let the aristocrat pass. He also states that it is not legal to beat a slave or alien resident. This is not because Athens believes...
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...influence in their world. Athens was a polis on the Balkan Peninsula. It ruled through direct democracy and had a strong navy. Pericles led them into their golden age and strengthened Athens as an empire. A golden age is the time where an empire has the largest stretching influence and the highest capability to extend their intellectual, philosophical and political ideas. Their golden age took place between the Persian Wars and Peloponnesian Wars, since this was their greatest time of achievement with their spreading ideas. Topic Sentences Topic sentence #1: This time period displays Athens at their highest...
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