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Pericles

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Submitted By franciscojlobos
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ENSAYO
DISCURSO FÚNEBRE DE PERICLES

Los atenienses eran una sociedad humilde, teniendo en cuenta su condición en la sociedad más civilizada en la Tierra en ese momento, especialmente en comparación con sus vecinos y enemigos, como los espartanos, fueron muy respetuosos con lo que habían construido, luchado y ganado.

Pericles hace referencia de Atenas como una ciudad grande y noble, que sirve como una plantilla o inspiración para todos los demás como la primera democracia verdadera.
"Nuestra constitución no copia las leyes de los estados vecinos, somos más bien un patrón para otros“, su administración favorece a muchos en lugar de unos pocos, es por eso que se llama democracia. Si miramos a las leyes, garantizar la igualdad de justicia para todos en sus diferencias particulares, y no en su posición social, el avance en la vida pública cae a la reputación de la capacidad, las consideraciones de clase no están autorizados a interferir con el mérito.
Esto no es todo lo que Pericles alaba, elogia también el poder y la habilidad del ejército ateniense y la marina. Habla de lo abiertos y libres que son, como aceptar a los extranjeros y cómo a pesar de su trato fácil y estilo de vida, mantienen el ejército más fuerte en Grecia. Habla de cómo los atenienses temen por sus tierras, y cómo los enemigos exageran su poder cuando están en Atenas. Atenas, en pocas palabras, era difícil de lidiar. En este punto, hacia el final, Tucídides emplea un ligero paralelismo cuando Pericles habla de la reputación de Atenas, entre otros ejércitos, y el espíritu ateniense que los impulsa.
Vincula a todos sus elogios juntos como si todos fueran un solo argumento lógico que explica la superioridad de Atenas. Su última palabra sobre el tema no era un alarde simple, lo demostró en todo su discurso. Finalmente, Pericles tiene la autoridad y la credibilidad en Atenas como un general, si hay alguien que debería estar alabando a Atenas, es él. Pericles decide terminar su discurso con una nota inesperada, sin embargo, no lloran los soldados caídos, no se ofrecen condolencias a sus familias. Las vidas perdidas no son algo para ser llorado, dice, que los hombres pueden morir potencialmente en cualquier punto en el tiempo. Todos los hombres van a morir de todos modos, dice en pocas palabras, debemos considerarnos afortunados de que estos hombres prefirieron morir de tal manera como para hacer un sacrificio para su ciudad y la gente. Pericles les ofrece consuelo en el hecho de que sus vidas no se perdieron en vano, ya que eran tantas las víctimas de ataques al corazón, borrachos, víctimas de accidentes y los criminales ejecutados. Lo que el discurso conmemorativo pretende destacar, es que los soldados caídos decidieron morir como héroes, y deben ser honrados por ello.
Quizás Pericles podría ser el origen de esta tradición de conmemorar, a través de palabras de aliento y reconocimiento de las virtudes humanas, a los supervivientes y las familias de los caídos.

Finalmente Pericles termina aludiendo “He pronunciado también yo en este discurso, según la costumbre, cuanto era conveniente, y los ahora enterrados han recibido ya de hecho en parte sus honras; a su vez la ciudad va a criar a expensas públicas a sus hijos hasta la juventud, ofreciendo una útil corona a éstos y a los supervivientes de estos combates. Pues es entre quienes disponen de premios mayores a la virtud donde se dan ciudadanos más nobles. Y ahora, después de haber concluido los lamentos fúnebres, cada cual en honor de los suyos, márchense”.

La obra en sí busca homenajear a los hombres caídos en la guerra contra Esparta, buscando resaltar el poder del espíritu democrático, estructura que hasta el día de hoy figura en nuestra civilización.

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