...University of Tennessee, Knoxville Trace: Tennessee Research and Creative Exchange Doctoral Dissertations Graduate School 12-2009 Peeking Out: A Textual Analysis of Heteronormative Images in Prime-Time Television D. Renee Smith University of Tennessee - Knoxville, drsmith@utk.edu Recommended Citation Smith, D. Renee, "Peeking Out: A Textual Analysis of Heteronormative Images in Prime-Time Television. " PhD diss., University of Tennessee, 2009. http://trace.tennessee.edu/utk_graddiss/10 This Dissertation is brought to you for free and open access by the Graduate School at Trace: Tennessee Research and Creative Exchange. It has been accepted for inclusion in Doctoral Dissertations by an authorized administrator of Trace: Tennessee Research and Creative Exchange. For more information, please contact trace@utk.edu. To the Graduate Council: I am submitting herewith a dissertation written by D. Renee Smith entitled "Peeking Out: A Textual Analysis of Heteronormative Images in Prime-Time Television." I have examined the final electronic copy of this dissertation for form and content and recommend that it be accepted in partial fulfillment of the requirements for the degree of Doctor of Philosophy, with a major in Communication and Information. Catherine A. Luther, Major Professor We have read this dissertation and recommend its acceptance: Michelle T. Violanti, Suzanne Kurth, Benjamin J. Bates Accepted for the Council: Carolyn R. Hodges Vice...
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...homosexual (2011), according to Merriam Webster Online, “of or having sexual desire for those of the same sex.” In order to understand the development of identity of homosexuals, it is first important to be mindful of the framework of sexuality in general. The term homosexuality is used to depict the comprehension of sexuality however; in today’s society; the preferred verbiage to define individuals is being gay or lesbian. Homosexuality and Life-span Development Sullivan and Schneider (1987) argue that homosexual coming out in youth has to be seen from a non-derogatory developmental perspective. In an attempt to react to the unique pressures found in adolescents showing an increasing gay or lesbian identity, psychologists and counselors must become familiar with the distinctive development of gay and lesbian adolescents, in addition to the sexual identity development literature in general. Reviewing the developmental issues of gay and lesbian adolescents creates thoughts concerning developing services to assist them. Often times, adults are hesitant to pay attention to adolescent communications concerning sexuality. These feelings begin to arise during what Erik Erikson has defined as stage 5: Ego Development Outcome: Identity vs. Role Confusion and more often than not, when adolescents refer to themselves as gay or lesbian, it is written off as experimentation, an adjustment reaction, or simply a phase (Niolon, 2011). While homosexual experimentation is quite common during...
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...Post-9/11, around 2003 and 2004, the Iranian transgender community suddenly experienced a spike in Western press media coverage. The nature of such press often focused on the juxtaposition between Iran’s policies on Iranian trans individuals and their rampantly homophobic sodomy laws. Oftentimes the narrative presented on mainstream television is laced with shock in recognizing the Iranian government’s financial support of sex-reassignment surgery for trans individuals, a right given “after years of petitioning and repeated inquiries [from] Iranian trans woman and advocate, Ms. Maryam Khatoon Molkara.” What typically follows this recognition is some form of anti-Islamic rhetoric stemming from the possibility that gay and lesbian Iranians...
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...Welfare Welfare Queen - Bought forward by Ronald Reagan - One of the goals of welfare is to help people leave abusive relationships Criminalizing Poverty - Welfare policies increasingly mandate the intensification of surveillance and the criminalization of welfare recipients. Welfare as fraud “Welfare fraud has become welfare as fraud. Thus poverty, welfare and cr Criminalization of Welfare: -Mandatory drug testing for welfare recipients -Anonymous snitch lines for reporting suspected welfare abuse - “Zero tolerance” for fraud in the form of permanent ineligibility -Biometric fingerprinting. -Welfare is one of the few ways that the state provides some financial support for the work traditionally done by women - Without welfare, mothers who work inside the home are deprived of equal citizenship, for they alone are not paid for their labor - Often poor women have been left out of feminist movement -Equality movements concerned solely with independence for women through paid employment are problematic -the point of welfare is to supper mothers finically for caregiving- but this has gradually been eroded Deserving and undeserving poor -Difference was made between the deserving and the undeserving poor -Basis for classification changes, but the imperative to discover who is worth of aid persist. -Michael Katz; a study made to classify the “impotent” from the “able” bodied poor. These attempts at classification have endured as those...
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...Beginning theory An introduction to literary and cultural theory Second edition Peter Barry © Peter Barry 1995, 2002 ISBN: 0719062683 Contents Acknowledgements - page x Preface to the second edition - xii Introduction - 1 About this book - 1 Approaching theory - 6 Slop and think: reviewing your study of literature to date - 8 My own 'stock-taking' - 9 1 Theory before 'theory' - liberal humanism - 11 The history of English studies - 11 Stop and think - 11 Ten tenets of liberal humanism - 16 Literary theorising from Aristotle to Leavis some key moments - 21 Liberal humanism in practice - 31 The transition to 'theory' - 32 Some recurrent ideas in critical theory - 34 Selected reading - 36 2 Structuralism - 39 Structuralist chickens and liberal humanist eggs Signs of the fathers - Saussure - 41 Stop and think - 45 The scope of structuralism - 46 What structuralist critics do - 49 Structuralist criticism: examples - 50 Stop and think - 53 Stop and think - 55 39 Stop and think - 57 Selected reading - 60 3 Post-structuralism and deconstruction - 61 Some theoretical differences between structuralism and post-structuralism - 61 Post-structuralism - life on a decentred planet - 65 Stop and think - 68 Structuralism and post-structuralism - some practical differences - 70 What post-structuralist critics do - 73 Deconstruction: an example - 73 Selected reading - 79 4 Postmodernism - 81 What is postmodernism? What was modernism? -...
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...Is asexuality a lack of sexual orientation and analogous to other sexual orientations and identities? One of the most inescapable social assumptions is that all humans possess sexual desire (Cole, 1993; 192). A related assumption is that sexuality is not only something one does, but an identity or something one is (Weeks, 1986; Foucault, 1978, cited in Scherrer, 2008; 621). Most inquiries into asexuality have approached it as either behaviour (lack of sexual acts) or a lack of desire for sexual acts. However, Scherrer argues that the complexity and variability of asexuality also encompasses those who are interested in romantic attachment but with limited or no physical contact, along with others who are simply not interested in sex (Scherrer, 2008: 634), a discourse appears frequently in which self-identified asexuals participate. It is in this context where identity labels such as demisexual, hyposexual, romantic or aromantic asexual, hyporomantic, straight-A, gay-A, bi-A, grey-A, etc. take on meanings, as asexuals attempt to position themselves not only according to the genders of people to whom they experience romantic attraction, but also according to the degrees to which (and the ways in which) they do so (DeLuzio Chasin, 2011; 713). It is already clear from the language of asexuality that it positions itself as an alternative to sexual, instead of as an alternative to straight or queer, with significant variations in both ‘romantic orientation’ and the degree to...
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...Table of Contents Social Identity………………………………………………………………………….3 Introduction……………………….....................................................................………3 Backgrounds………………………………………………………………….………..4 Social Identity Theory……………………………………………………...………4 - 5 Personal Identity……………………………………………………………………….5 Types of Social Identity………………………………………………….…………6 - 7 Ethnic and National Identities…………………………………………............……6 - 7 Sexual Orientation………………………………………………………..………...…..7 Social Rejection……………………………………………………………………8 - 10 Consequences of Social Identities………………………………………………..10 - 11 Conclusion……………………………………………………………………......……11 References……………………………………………………………………12 - 13 Social Identity Introduction Social identity is similar to how a person identifies themselves in relation to others to what the person has in common.( Social character is like how an individual recognizes themselves in connection to others to what the individual has in as a relatable point.) For example, in similarity of name, religion or ethnicity, gender, age, socio-economic class, professions, relationships and more. Social identity is “a mind-range theory of group membership, self-conception, and group behavior that attributes a causal role to collective self-conception.” (Hogg & Tindale, 2005). Each of us experience communication every day in order to get social identity. Social identities are measured based on the groups people socialize with. Such...
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...critical theory today critical theory today A Us e r - F r i e n d l y G u i d e S E C O N D E D I T I O N L O I S T Y S O N New York London Routledge is an imprint of the Taylor & Francis Group, an informa business Routledge Taylor & Francis Group 270 Madison Avenue New York, NY 10016 Routledge Taylor & Francis Group 2 Park Square Milton Park, Abingdon Oxon OX14 4RN © 2006 by Lois Tyson Routledge is an imprint of Taylor & Francis Group, an Informa business Printed in the United States of America on acid‑free paper 10 9 8 7 6 5 4 3 2 1 International Standard Book Number‑10: 0‑415‑97410‑0 (Softcover) 0‑415‑97409‑7 (Hardcover) International Standard Book Number‑13: 978‑0‑415‑97410‑3 (Softcover) 978‑0‑415‑97409‑7 (Hardcover) No part of this book may be reprinted, reproduced, transmitted, or utilized in any form by any electronic, mechanical, or other means, now known or hereafter invented, including photocopying, microfilming, and recording, or in any information storage or retrieval system, without written permission from the publishers. Trademark Notice: Product or corporate names may be trademarks or registered trademarks, and are used only for identification and explanation without intent to infringe. Library of Congress Cataloging‑in‑Publication Data Tyson, Lois, 1950‑ Critical theory today : a user‑friendly guide / Lois Tyson.‑‑ 2nd ed. p. cm. Includes bibliographical references and index. ISBN 0‑415‑97409‑7 (hb) ‑‑ ISBN 0‑415‑97410‑0 (pb) 1. Criticism...
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...female sexuality Human male sexuality Demographics Environment Hetero/homosexual continuum Kinsey scale Klein Grid Neuroscientific Queer studies Sexology Timeline of sexual orientation and medicine Non-human animals Animal sexual behaviour Non-reproductive sexual behavior in animals Homosexual behavior in animals (list) Category Category v t e Part of a series on Lesbian, gay, bisexual, and transgender (LGBT) people LGBT flag Sexual orientation Homosexuality Demographics Biology Environment History LGBT history Timeline Social movements Culture LGBT community Coming out Pride Slang Symbols Gay village Rights Laws around the world Marriage Union Adoption LGBT parenting Military service Legal aspects of transgenderism Intersex human rights Social attitudes Heteronormativity LGBT stereotypes Queer Religion and homosexuality Religion and transgender Prejudice / Violence AIDS stigma Anti-intersex Biphobia Genderism Heterosexism Homophobia Lesbophobia Binarism Sexualism Suicide among LGBT youth Transphobia Violence against LGBT people LGBT trafficking Academic fields and discourse LGBT/Queer studies Lesbian feminism Queer theory Transfeminism Lavender linguistics Portal LGBT.svg LGBT portal v t e Celebrating same-sex marriage at the Lexington Pride Festival in 2015. Homosexuality (from Ancient Greek ὁμός, meaning "same", and Latin sexus, meaning "sex") is romantic attraction, sexual attraction or sexual behavior between members of the...
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...Theorizing identity in language and sexuality research M A R Y B U C H O L T Z Department of Linguistics 3607 South Hall University of California, Santa Barbara Santa Barbara, CA 93106-3100 bucholtz@linguistics.ucsb.edu K I R A H A L L Department of Linguistics Campus Box 295 University of Colorado at Boulder Boulder, CO 80309-0295 kira.hall@colorado.edu A B S T R A C T The field of language and sexuality has gained importance within socioculturally oriented linguistic scholarship. Much current work in this area emphasizes identity as one key aspect of sexuality. However, recent critiques of identity-based research advocate instead a desire-centered view of sexuality. Such an approach artificially restricts the scope of the field by overlooking the close relationship between identity and desire. This connection emerges clearly in queer linguistics, an approach to language and sexuality that incorporates insights from feminist, queer, and sociolinguistic theories to analyze sexuality as a broad sociocultural phenomenon. These intellectual approaches have shown that research on identity, sexual or otherwise, is most productive when the concept is understood as the outcome of intersubjectively negotiated practices and ideologies. To this end, an analytic framework for the semiotic study of social intersubjectivity is presented. (Sexuality, feminism, identity, desire, queer linguistics.)* I N T R O D U C T I O N Within the past decade the field of language...
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...Africa through Theatre This paper sets out to explore how processes of theatre making employed by The Mothertongue project, provide spaces for women to remap their personal narratives. Mothertongue works from the premise that the development and subsequent performance of stories in theatrical processes affords women the opportunity to re-write and remap their personal narratives and in so doing insert their voices into the landscape of South African Theatre. In an attempt to redress the gender imbalances and androcentricism prevalent in post-apartheid theatre, this paper speaks to the relationship between theatre, liminality and communitas. I am interested in unpacking how collaborative processes of theatre-making provide spaces for women to remap their personal narratives. Remapping in this instance refers to processes of transforming lived experience through story. I address how, through engaging in ritual activities that are central to the stories performed, actors, audiences and the owners of the source stories are invited to physically participate in remapping and transforming lived experience. Linked to this is the choice of form(s) and how this affects or impacts on the performed stories as well as on the construction of performed rituals and ultimately on the processes of remapping personal narratives. I focus specifically on Mothertongue’s 2004 production, Uhambo: pieces of a dream. The production was an integration of theatre and visual art in the form of performances...
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...time-line of transgender identities. © 1999 Drs. Arianne van der Ven Contents Summery 2 Introduction: The development of gender as we know it How does history relate to us? 3 From a one-gender system to a two-gender system, and on to ‘third sex’ categories. 3 Some specifics of gender transitions. 5 Part I: Sexology begins. Transgender Identities before the 19th century 7 The early 19th century: Enters forensic psychiatry 7 The late nineteenth century: Inverts turn to Experts. Enters sexology and the empirical case history. 8 Part II: Early 20th century The rise of Psychoanalysis and it's denial of transgender identities Developments in Medical technology. 10 Psycho-analysis’ erasure of transgender 11 The sixties and seventies: routine treatment of the empty transsexual 12 Part III: Transgender becomes Real. The emergence of transgender. 15 De-constructing gender, from gender identity to “freedom of gender expression”. 15 Changes in transgender care. 17 The lack of transgender in Continental Europe. 18 References 19 Summery This paper was originally written for the “Sex, Gender and Identity” program of The School for International Training (SIT) in Amsterdam. SIT is an US university and specializes in study abroad programs for students from American universities. This paper discusses transgender identities during the last hundred...
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...Since its release in fall of 2013, Rebecca Sugar's Steven Universe has quickly developed a large fan base of kids, teens, and adults alike. Much of the draw for the show comes from its non-traditional representation of gender and familial structures; from the main character, Steven, being raised primarily by three humanoid, female presenting aliens known as "gems" — Garnet, Amethyst and Pearl — with only occasional interactions with his human father; to a cannon lesbian couple (with another couple being implied but not yet confirmed); to even Steven himself frequently acting in ways that are often coded feminine, such as enjoying dressing up, dancing, and openly crying and becoming emotional in front of others. However, one of the more commonly discussed characters among the fans is Stevonnie. Stevonnie is what is known in the show as a "fusion" of Steven and Connie. In the show, the gems are able to combine with other gems, creating what is known as gem fusions. For example, Garnet is a fusion of two gems, Ruby and Sapphire, who are so in love that they cannot stand being apart. However, Steven is a unique case, as he has a gem mother and a human father. Thus, he is not able to fuse with other gems, but he is able to fuse with humans. In the episode "Alone Together," Steven and Connie accidentally fuse together, and, after being dubbed "Stevonnie" by Amethyst, explore the town together as a fusion. What makes Stevonnie an incredibly unique case in children's media, however...
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...disposition to experience sexual, affectionate, or romantic attractions" primarily or exclusively to people of the same sex; "it also refers to an individual's sense of personal and social identity based on those attractions, behaviors expressing them, and membership in a community of others who share them." Homosexuality is one of the three main categories of sexual orientation, along with bisexuality and heterosexuality, within the heterosexual-homosexual continuum (with asexuality sometimes considered a fourth). Scientific and medical understanding is that sexual orientation is not a choice, but rather a complex interplay of biological and environmental factors,[1][3] especially with regard to early uterine environment. While there are those who still hold the view that homosexual activity is "unnatural" or "dysfunctional", research has shown that homosexuality is an example of natural variation in human sexuality and is not in and of itself a source of negative psychological effects. Prejudice and discrimination against homosexual and bisexual people, however, have been shown to cause psychological harm. The most common terms for homosexual people are lesbian for females and gay for males, though gay is also used to refer generally to both homosexual males and females. The number of people who identify as gay or lesbian—and the proportion of people who have same-sex sexual experiences—are difficult for researchers to estimate reliably...
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...symbols 5 Segments which have used LGBT marketing 6 Lifestyle of a typical LGBT consumer 6 Mistakes to avoid while marketing to the LGBT community 7 References 9 Decades after invisibility and reaching critical mass, a breakthrough July 1991 article in the conservative Wall Street Journal called the lesbian and gay community "a dream market." Today the American market is estimated to be valued at $660 billion, projected to reach $835 billion by 2011 --based primarily on U.S. population growth and steady 7% representation of gays and lesbians within the overall population. In 2004, 36% of Fortune 100 companies have advertised directly to the lesbian and gay market, and American corporations now spend about $223.3 million annually in gay print media, according to the 2006 Gay Press Report from Rivendell Marketing and Prime Access, which tracks 284 U.S. gay press publications. Much more has been spent in sponsorships and online advertising, which the survey does not track. The situation is fast changing in India as well, OutNowConsulting.com, The London-based consultancy firm has been conducting surveys across the globe on the product and lifestyle choices of the lesbian, gay, bisexual and transgender (LGBT) community and provides advice to international companies like Lufthansa, IBM, Toyota, Citibank and Barclays on catering to this category of consumers. The main reason behind the interest in the Indian market is due to the growing purchasing power of the Indian queer community...
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