...Political Culture • Traditional Rural Society during the colonial and independence periods • Rural Urban Migration • Political Culture in different Regions • Public health & Security • Quality Control VI. Economic Growth • Retesting • Treatment • Gross Domestic Product • Monetary Policy • Financial System • Employment VII. Trade Patterns • Trade Regulations • Imports • Exports • Labor VIII. VII. Conclusion Introduction South America was named in 1580 by cartographers Martin Waldseemüller and Matthias Ringmann after Amerigo Vespucci, who was the first European to suggest that the Americas were not the East Indies, but a New World unknown to Europeans. Continent of South America/Brazil South America is the 4th largest continent. It connects to North America by the Isthmus[1] of Panama. The country of Brazil accounts for more almost half of the continent and contains about half of the people. The countries that make up this continent include Argentina, Bolivia, Brazil, Chile, Columbia, Ecuador, Guyana, Paraguay, Peru, Suriname, Uruguay, and Venezuela. The northern section near Suriname, the continent also contains French Guiana which is a French dependency. The largest metropolitan areas on the continent are Sao Paulo in Brazil and Buenos Aires in Argentina. The population of South America as a whole...
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...Index a) Nokia Corporation 1. Introduction 2. History i) Pre telecommunication Era 1) Industrial conglomerate ii) Telecommunications era 1) Networking equipment 2) First mobile phones 3) Involvement in GSM 3. Acquisitions 4. Logos b) Global Market Captured/Targeted By Nokia Corporation c) Peru i) Quick Facts ii) General Overview iii) Economy iv) Challenges v) Economic Indicators d) Entry Strategy For Nokia Corporation to Enter in Peru i) Political factors ii) Social Factors iii) Economical factors iv) Technological Factors v) Environmental Factors vi) Legal factors Nokia Corporation Introduction Nokia Corporation is a Finnish multinational communications corporation that is headquartered in Keilaniemi, Espoo, a city neighboring Finland's capital Helsinki. Nokia is engaged in the manufacturing of mobile devices and in converging Internet and communications industries, with over 123,000 employees in 120 countries, sales in more than 150 countries and global annual revenue of EUR 41 billion and operating profit of €1.2 billion as of 2009. It is the world's largest manufacturer of mobile telephones: its global device market share was about 33% in Q2 2010, down from 35% in Q2 2009 and unchanged from Q1 2010. Nokia's converged device market share was about 41% in...
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...America, including the voting system; American citizens have always had the option of voting since its creation. But given that American citizens have the choice to vote, many opt not to, which results in low voter turn outs. In contrast, some countries have compulsory voting, a forced system of voting to improve low voter turn outs. While a good idea in theory, there is many flaws in the idea of compulsory voting. In order to enforce compulsory voting, national governments must have punishments for those who neglect voting, and this intrudes onto...
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...to research the Latin American market and find business opportunities for their roofing products in this specific region. Therefore, we began our study by analyzing all 20 countries in Latin America. At first, we narrowed our selection by evaluating political risks. Due to recent political turmoil in Venezuela and Argentina, we decided to eliminate these nations from our selection. At the same time, countries with high economic-trade dependency with either Venezuela or Argentina were removed from our consideration set. These nations were Uruguay, Paraguay, and Bolivia. After we identified the countries with the highest political risk, we conducted a macro economic analysis of the remaining nations. By doing this, we were able to estimate future economic performance between the selected countries and narrow the constricted consideration set. Moreover, the economic indicators used for this analysis were the following: foreign direct investment (helps predict investors’ confidence level), manufacturing export (positively correlated with commercial construction), Real GDP growth (overall representation of an economic growth), GDP per capita using purchasing power parity (representative indicator of consumer purchasing power), currency fluctuation (significant for trade credit), and corruption level (important for analyzing perceived levels of public sector corruption). Based on the macro economic analysis, the top three promising economies were Peru, Ecuador and Panama- all...
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...…………………………………………………………... 14 REFERENCES …………………………………………………………..……….. 15-17 WORD COUNT Part 1: 2310 Part 2: 939 Total: 3249 WORD COUNT Part 1: 2310 Part 2: 939 Total: 3249 INTRODUCTION Peru is a dynamic, fast-growing South American economy poised for success in international markets. Some of Peru’s flagship export products are coffee and asparagus, but in recent years, it is an emerging producer of New World wines. Peru’s wine market supply is around 45 million litres, an increase of almost 10 million litres from five years ago (USDA, 2014). Peruvian climate is ideal for cultivation of grapes with strong character, where majority of its vineyards are concentrated on the Central coast. The wine industry is Peru has promising prospects for a foreign business investment, due to growing domestic consumption and global demand for high-quality and affordable wines. ………... PORTER’S NATIONAL DIAMOND ANALYSIS ………... 1.1 Factor Conditions 1.1.1 Physical Resources Andean soils are relatively young and are subject to erosion by water and winds because of the land gradient. The soil composition is loose sandy loam with high salinity (FAO, 2006). The coastal region of Peru is desert, intersected by valleys flowing from the Andes down to the sea. Peru has a per capita availability of 68,321m3 from 159...
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...The American Dream For generations, the American dream has floated around society in different forms. In the 19th century, it was viewed as an independent and cowboy-worthy lifestyle, whereas in the early 20th century, it corresponded to nationalism and unity. In today’s society, young generations often fantasize the lavish lifestyle of Beyoncé and Justin Timberlake while declaring it their American dream. The origin of the term dates back to 1931, where it was first coined in James Truslow Adams’ The Epic of America. Adams claims that the egalitarian nature of this dream began to take shape when the early Puritan colonists settled in America with the hopes of living in freedom from governmental persecution. Like the Puritans, millions of immigrants leave their country every year with the hopes of building a better life. Because of different generations’ perspective and individual values, it is difficult to assign a certain definition to the American dream. For example, to some people, the dream is often associated with success, while to others, it corresponds to future family stability. Whatever the version may be, America’s countless prospects guarantee every American the opportunity to achieve their dream through hard work and dedication. While every American has heard the phrase, “American Dream” at least once in their lifetime, every non-American has heard it at least a 100 times. The opportunity to live in America was, and still is, a privilege that most American-born...
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...Country Introduction: Chile v. Peru Extending 2,880 miles down the western coast of South America, between the Pacific Ocean and the Andes mountains, is the remarkably slender country known as Chile. Due to its large geographical scale, encompassing 38 degrees in latitude, Chile has a range of climatic zones, from the arid Atacama Dessert in the north to the subtropical regions in the south. These diverse climates and topographies provide Chile with a wealth of natural resources including timber, iron ore, hydropower and most prominently, copper, an element known for its inherent ductility and electrical conductivity. Beginning in the mid 1960s, concurrent with China’s exploding GDP growth rate, the value of copper in the modern industrial market place began to soar due increased global demand. Chile, whose copper reserves account for 28% of the world’s total supply, experienced the positive economic impact from this increased demand, as seen through the country’s GDP growth of over 400% between 1970 and 2014, adjusting for inflation, (Appendix 1). Coupled with the solid GDP growth over the last 45 years, Chile was also able to establish strong institutions, an efficient government with relatively low levels of corruption, and solid macroeconomic stability, which subsequently established Chile as the most competitive economy in Latin America according the 2015 Global Competitiveness Report (GCR) (Appendix 2). Directly to Chile’s north lies Peru, a country almost double Chile’s...
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...your Business cards. Though many Peruvians speak English, it is best not to assume so. | Gift knives or odd numbered things: Be careful with your gifts! Knives are interpreted as cutting the relationship and odd numbered things are ill-luck. | Make Eye Contact: Although Peruvians favor indirect styles of communication with words, they favor direct eye contact which creates an atmosphere of trust and respect. | Personal bubble: Be aware that Peruvians tend to speak closer to whom they wish they speak with than Americans are used to. Kisses on the cheek and speaking very closely are normal. | Small talk: Small talk helps establish a base for the relationship. Business matters should follow, but allow your host to initiate the business conversation first. | First names: Only use first names when the other party has invited you to do so. If you haven't, use other formal ways to address them. | "DO" conversation topics: Soccer, family, places to visit in Peru, and local food. | "DON'T" conversation topics: Politics, religion, terrorists, and a person's ancestry. | Bring a gift: If invited to a Peruvian home, it is appropriate to bring flowers (avoid black & purple), wine, good quality liquor, or chocolates. Wrap your gifts and expect that they may be opened right away. | Taboos: Don't refuse dinner invitations, don't refuse to eat something when you're the guest, don't put your feet on a chair, desk, or table, don't put your elbows on the table while eating,...
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...within our society. My early years in Argentina, where I struggled to communicate and understand the culture was an “ascribed” position because I was born and raised in Peru again even that in both countries we speak Spanish culturally we are so different. “Ascribed” refers to a position one holds in a social system that one attains involuntarily or by birth. I did not choose to be born in Peru or to move to Argentina. Over time, I was able to assimilate to this new culture and participate in conversations with friends. This is described as an “achieved” position. “Achieved” is a position in a social system that is earned or chosen and reflects a person’s skills, abilities, and efforts. I was able to succeed in a new society because of my hard work and determination. Another example of this week’s lecture is “Prestige”. Prestige “refers to how well or poorly one's social position is thought of in society” (Chamberlain College of Nursing, Week 5 Lesson). After I finished high school I realized that if I wanted to increase my social position in society, I needed to go to college and work extra hard in order to accomplish my goal which was becoming a nurse. So, I applied myself to get my Nursing Degree and after years of hard work I got it. “Many discover that hard work and education do allow them to move up the American economic and social ladder” (Harvey &Allard, 2012, p. 93). ...
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...Countries with High Power Distance (e.g., Mexico, Perú, Venezuela, Colombia) Countries With Low Power Distance (e.g., U.S., Netherlands, Sweden) Managers show less consideration Managers show more consideration Employees fear to disagree with their boss Employees less afraid of disagreeing with their boss Managers see themselves as benevolent decision-makers Managers see themselves as practical and systematic; they admit a need for support Subordinates favor a manager’s decision- making style to be more autocratic- paternalistic Subordinates favor a manager’s decision making style to be more consultative, democratic, and give and take Close supervision positively evaluated by Subordinates Close supervision negatively evaluated by subordinates Higher and lower educated employees show similar values about authority Higher educated employees hold much less authoritarian values than lower-educated ones HIGH INDIVIDUALISM (e.g., US, Great Britain, Canada, Australia) LOW INDIVIDUALISM (e.g., Venezuela, Perú, Colombia, Mexico) Need to make specific friendships Social relationships predetermined in terms of “in groups” Individual initiative is socially encouraged Individual initiative is socially frowned upon; fatalism Managers endorse “modern” points of view on stimulating employee initiative and group activity Managers endorse “traditional” points of view, not supporting employee initiative and group activity Emotional independence from company...
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...Explain what considerations ORANA should have, when choosing between, for example, Peru or New Zealand. Entering a new market is an important decision, so ORANA has to consider many aspects carefully before making the decision on which country to enter. According to the Market-based view a company which wishes to enter a new market has to consider market conditions of the nation. The theory states that the competitive advantage comes from the market itself and the external environment of the firm. The company has to find the market from where it can gain competitive advantage. For deciding on which market to enter, Porter five forces, as a framework for industry analysis can be a great help. This framework is very useful when it comes to business strategy development. Porter says that the nature and degree of competition depends on these five forces: threat of new entrants, bargaining power of customers, bargaining power of suppliers, threat of substitute products or services and the intensity of competitive rivalry (Porter, 1979). To enter into a new market, ORANA has to be aware of the current market situation and the state of the competition. The Danish manufacturer has to make a research on these five forces and get to know the more they can about the state of the competition. To get the proper information they have to make market research, going to the field or find a partner from Peru and New Zealand who they trust and provide them reliable data. For further research...
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...keeping the level of public debt among the lowest in the region. Nowadays the world lives the era of globalization, characterized by economy and markets expansion, media, and transportation. With it, a new competitive environment arises, requiring countries to open their economies in order to communicate them with these new markets. Peru, a country located in the western coast of South America, is not the exception. Though, it has significant challenges to face in its economic development. (voxeu.org) A country sharply divided in three geographic regions: In the North-west coastal areas contain primary oil deposits. Main traditional agricultural products including cotton, fish, and fruits grow along the Pacific coast. And most mineral resources, that involve approximately half of Peru's exports, come from mines in the Andes. However, despite this bunch of resources, Peruvian economy is essentially heterogeneous, and markets segmentation is extremely high. This can be attributed to major obstacles, differences and barriers in access to these resources companies need to grow their competitiveness. An easier way to classify productive specialization in Peru is by dividing its GDP into four large economic sectors: extractive or primary activities (agriculture, fisheries and mining); basic transformation or infrastructure (construction); intermediate or industrial transformation (manufacturing); and services (home rentals, government, electricity, gas and water, commerce, among others)...
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...COLLEGE DIVISION OF TEACHER EDUCATION PHILOSPHY AND SOCIAL FOUNDATION IN EDUCATION JBTE/EDSF MRS. FRANCES WILLIAMS THE FEMINIZATION OF THE TEACHING PROFESSION JONATHAN ROBERTS 22 NOVEMBER, 2012 CONTENTS Content Page Course Work 3 Discussion 4 Bibliography 11 COURSE WORK Discuss the causes and impact of the following on education in the Caribbean: Either: * The feminization of the teaching profession; Or: * Differences between male and female achievement in the education system. Include discussion on the causes/development and the consequences of the issues and make suggestions on how to solve these problems. Length of essay 2000 words (7 pages, line space of 1.5). References must be included and are not part of the word count. This is an individual effort. Date due: 20 November, 2012. (TOTAL: 25 MARKS) Discussion The feminization of the teaching profession For over a century, women and the ‘feminization’ of the teaching profession have been debated in most developed and newly-developing countries the world over. According to Bank (2007), an occupation that is predominantly made up of women is said to be ‘feminized’. However, when sociologists and educators refer to feminization they are referring to labour market tendencies where the participation of women in various occupations is increasing. (Drudy et al, 2005). The Working Group of the European Trade Union Committee for Education (ETUCE) has used similar...
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...APPENDIX 2 SUSTAINABILITY IMPACT ASSESSMENT OF PROPOSED WTO NEGOTIATIONS: THE FISHERIES SECTOR COUNTRY CASE STUDY: PERU Draft – not for citation John Tilman May 2, 2006 1 Glossary ADEX BCRP CCA CPPS DDA DIGESA EEZ EU FAO FIUPAP FONCODES FONDEPES GATS GPS IATTC IMARPE INEI ISC ITP MT NAMA NRI OLDEPESCA PRODUCE PROMPEX SIA SNP SPS SUNAT TBT WTO Exporters Association Central Reserve Bank of Peru Causal chain analysis Permanent Commission for the South Pacific Doha Development Agenda Environmental Health Directorate Exclusive Economic Zone European Union Food & Agricultural Organisation Artisanal Fishermen’s Federation Cooperation & Development Fund National Fund for Fisheries Development General Agreement on Trade in Services Global Positioning System Inter-American Tropical Tuna Commission The Marine Institute Statistical & Information Institute Selective Consumption Tax Fisheries Technological Institute Metric Tonnes Non-agricultural Market Access Natural Resources Institute Latin America Organisation for Fisheries Ministry of Production – Fisheries Export Promotion Office Sustainability Impact Analysis National Fishing Society Sanitary and Phytosanitary Measures Superintendency of Tax Technical Barriers to Trade World Trade Organization 2 Table of Contents Page Glossary Executive summary 1. Introduction 1.1. Background 1.2. Coastal livelihoods and development 1.3. Objectives of the study 2 6 10 10 11 11 12 12 13 13 14 15 15 15 15 16 16 16 16 18 18 19...
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...Year 11 Preliminary English Assessment Task Task: Motorcycle Diaries Question Two: Define Communism. Discuss its origins and how and where it was spread. In your discussion you must refer to at least 3 countries, which have adopted communism and examine its success and failures and the reason behind both. You must also examine the role Marxism plays in Communist ideology. Communism is an economic and social system in which all, or nearly all, property and resources are collectively owned by a classless society and not by individual citizens. It’s an ideology theory of government where all wealth is shared equally so there is no class system, that is, no poor class and no wealthy class. Everything is shared and everyone is equal, whether you’re a doctor or a factory worker. In such a communist society, the wealth and resources were to be regulated according to the needs, abilities and contribution of the people. Differences between manual and intellectual labour and between rural and urban life were to disappear, opening up the way for unlimited development of human potential. Based on the 1848 publication ‘Communist Manifesto’ by two German political philosophers, Karl Max and his close associate Friedrich Engels, it envisaged common ownership of all land and wealth and the withering away of the power of the state. Max and Engels believed that capitalism (private ownership of all property) should be diminished and that uneven distribution of wealth and resources should...
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