...Subject: Theories of Public Administration (PA 4001) Schedule: 8-11am Sat Instructor: Atty. Cyril Bryan Dosdos Cuizon MPA CRITIQUE ON: The article, “Is there a Philippine Public Administration” by: Alex Brillantes Jr. and Maricel Fernandez I cannot see the author’s black and white answer for the title of their article since it only points out the undertakings and management of the Philippine Government and Civil Society. If I were to answer the question, I would say, “Yes, there is, obviously.” We have the government structure with parts working together as whole for the benefit of everyone. Someone said, ”When there is government there is public administration.” I agree to that thought. Because public administration as defined, “ refers to the people (beaurocrats) running the people or people running the management(government). The authors also asked, “For whom is public administration?” Yes, why complicate things? Isn’t it from the word itself? It involves the public. Technically, it involves the people in government. However, the government’s aim is to service the people. Thus, benefits people or private society with regards to the efficiency of the administration and management of the government . It’s like going in circles. Another question raised was, “Is public administration relevant?” Yes, indeed. We need a tool for the government’s performance. It's for the benefit of the public managers and the general public as well. It's not...
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...Introduction Public administration is the execution of government strategies for Canada and any other nation for that subject. It also studies this execution and ensures that the civil servants work towards achieving the government goals and objectives. Public administration is both a field of performance and an academic authority that caters for the obligations of the government in Canada. As a field of analysis with miscellaneous scale, its elementary objective is to ensure that there is progress in policies and management that make the Canadian government function (Robert and Denhardt 213). This administration offers public programs management, translates politic into reality, and studies the decisions that the government makes. The Canadian administration also analyzes the policies, and the inputs that make the policies. Public administration works to organize the programs and policies plus the official’s behaviors. Private administration in Canada is responsible for the processes of retailing, manufacturing, and supply of products and services in exchange for currency (Dwivedi, Byron, Sheldrick and Tim 123). The Canadian public administration handles data in a different way from private administration. People who work in private administration do not have the right to get information regarding private industry or business. Canadian government agencies need the private administration to report data like times records, employee earnings and demographics, and other laws necessary...
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...1. Introduction As part of public sector reform, or new public management, a number of key factors have led to a greater emphasis on establishing, building and sustaining relationships between, within and outside government. The purpose of managing out is to ensure that the public sector develops strong relationships with the external world. This may include groups, organisations or individuals who are users of government services; collectively they are referred to as citizens. Key Factors The key factors underpinning public sector reform include, but are not limited to the following:- - Demand by the public for improved quality of service and improved service delivery. This may also include customisation of services so they are relevant to the individual, community or organisation; - Changes in public policy or direction which includes stakeholder engagement that ensures benefits realisation where the end-user receives the benefits of the project. The New South Wales (NSW) Department of Finance and Services (2011, p. 27), states benefits realisation is “measurable improvement resulting from an outcome which is perceived as an advantage by a stakeholder”; - Requirements for transparency and accountability because of the application of information and communication technologies (ICT) in governance systems and processes. Riley (2002), refers to this concept as e-governance (see Figure 1); - Increased emphasis on partnerships to meet pressures of globalisation and...
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...Benefit of the new public management There is a lot of benefit can be defined in the government that establish New Public Management (NPM). Firstly NPM attempted to diminish the role of the state and make the managers in various agencies become more responsive to be a political leader. Second, it aimed for greater efficiency through the use of private sector management techniques. Third, it focused on the citizen as a customer and service recipient. (Michael Hess and David Adams, 2007) As the major benefit can see that government activities have to moving from centralization to decentralization. We can call it as shared responsibility which all the managers in each agency are sharing an idea for a decision making. Under NPM, agencies have striven for increased efficiency at all levels. Besides that, agencies have more competences and expanded their scope of action in the budgetary process as well as on personnel issues. (Stefan Rieder and Luzia Lehmann, 2002). Among the staff as well can improve the level of motivation by implemented of goal-oriented process. There is also several issue needs to cover in New Public Management. Four major area selected aspect in New Public Management (Derry Ormond and Elke Loffler, 1998): 1- Budgeting New process on budgeting system enhances government to control over aggregate expenditures and facilitates reallocation between resources. Government will no longer discusses on individual appropriations but rather the overall direction...
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...increasingly becoming a fundamental tool for enhancing public administration. This paper discusses e-government’s implications on public policy formulation and implementation in Kenya. In addition, the challenges of adopting technology and organizational change are examined. Research conducted outside Sub-Saharan Africa showed that information and communication technologies (ICTs) have the potential to enhance efficiency, policy effectiveness, citizens’ participation, and democratic values. Based on the concept of democratic values, the paper explores how e-government impacts the political agenda, rule making, and public service delivery. The central argument is that e-government is not only a tool or platform that enhances delivery of public services but also has the potential to reform the way policies are formulated and implemented in terms of efficiency, accountability, transparency, and citizens’ participation. The Key findings show that the Kenyan government has failed in disseminating information about e-government, sensitizing Kenyans on how to make use of technology to access government services, and providing incentives to encourage use of technology. Hence despite the advantages touted globally for implementing e-government, literature showed no evidence that any of the Kenyan e-government’s objectives: enhancing delivery of public services, improving information flow to citizens, promoting productivity among public servants, and encouraging citizens’ participation has...
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...Bureaucracy is derived from the word bureau, used from the early eighteenth century in Western Europe to refer not only to a writing desk, but to an office, or a workplace, where officials worked. The original French meaning of the word bureau was the baize used to cover desks. The Greek suffix kratia or kratos means "power" or "rule." Bureaucracy thus basically means office power or office rule, the rule of the officialdom. The term bureaucracy came into use shortly before the French Revolution of 1789, and from there spread rapidly to other countries. Webbers characteristics of bureaucracy 1. A formal hierarchical structure Each level controls the level below and is controlled by the level above. A formal hierarchy is the basis of central planning and centralized decision making. 2. Management by rules Controlling by rules allows decisions made at high levels to be executed consistently by all lower levels. 3. Organization by functional specialty Work is to be done by specialists, and people are organized into units based on the type of work they do or skills they have. 4. An "up-focused" or "in-focused" mission If the mission is described as "up-focused," then the organization's purpose is to serve the stockholders, the board, or whatever agency empowered it. If the mission is to serve the organization itself, and those within it, e.g., to produce high profits, to gain market share, or to produce a cash stream, then the mission is described as "in-focused." 5. Purposely...
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...THE EMERGENCE OF PUBLIC SECTOR MANAGEMENT. MINI LITERTURE REVIEW CONTENT: 1) INTRODUCTION 2) PROBLEM STATEMENT 3) REVIEW OF ACADEMIC LITERTURE 4) CONCLUSION 5) REFERENCES/BIBLIOGRAPHY Introduction Public sector management, was introduced in the UK during the era of Margaret Thatcher and in the US during President Ronald Regan’s term of office (1970s and 1980s). This transformation in the management of the public sector was adopted by many countries as a strategy for government as a means to solve problems that was existing in the delivery of public goods and services. The rigid, hierarchical, bureaucratize form of public administration was changed to a flexible, market-based form of public management. This is considered as a "paradigm shift" from the traditional public administration approach, which was dominant in the public sector for most of the century. The traditional approach was severely criticized. This literature review seeks to show the emergence of public sector management and its importance in the delivery of public goods and services. Public administration is no longer efficient and effective and as such, Public sector management is a good strategy in increasing efficiency and reduce costs in the public sector. . Problem Statement There were a number of problems leading up to the emergence of public sector management. There were newer theories of organizational structure and behavior, which argued that...
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...The Role of Motivation, Commitment and Leadership in Strengthening Public Service Performance Adrian Ritz University of Bern Centre of Competence for Public Management Schanzeneckstrasse 1, P. B. 8573 CH-3001 Bern Switzerland Objective •This correlation between leadership behavior, motivation, and commitment in public institutions is examined in this article. It is highly relevant, both theoretically and practically, for explaining in a better manner the basic area of conflict between managerialistic steering principles and incentive mechanisms, on the one hand, and the public interest for managing state institutions, on the other. • In this article, prior research is augmented by new perspectives and empirical results from Switzerland on the relationship between motivation, leadership behavior, and performance in the Swiss federal administration. The article deals, on the one hand, with the relationship between public sector motivation (PSM), job satisfaction, organizational commitment (OC), and leadership behavior and, on the other hand, with the influence of these variables on the internal efficiency of public administrations. Hypothesis H1: The higher the Public Service Motivation, the higher the organization’s internal efficiency. H2: The greater the Organizational Commitment, the higher the internal efficiency of the organization. H3: Employees with higher Public Service Motivation exhibit greater Organizational Commitment. H4: The greater the job satisfaction...
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...NAIROBI DIPLOMA IN PUBLIC ADMINISTRATION PROJECT PROPOSAL BY JOSPHAT K BIWOTT TOPIC: EFFECTS OF SERVICE CHARTER ON SERVICE DELIVERY: A LOOK AT MATETE DISTRICT COMMISSIONER’S OFFICE. CHAPTER 1: INTRODUCTION 1.0 BACKGROUND: Public Service Delivery is defined as a set of institutional arrangements adopted by the government to provide public goods and services to its citizens. Public services delivery has been one of the key functions of the public sector which uses civil service bureaucracies as the instrument for the delivery of services (World Development Report, 2004). In the context of governance, according to 2008 - 2013 Public Sector Reforms & Performance Contracting | Kenya; the service charter, variously referred to as “citizen service delivery charter” or “customer service delivery charter” is a written statement prepared by a public institution which outlines the nature, quality and quantity of service that citizens should expect from the institution. It sets out: what the institution does, what services users can expect, and the standard of the service to be provided. | | Public service delivery in most of the developing countries is characterized by being ineffective, too much procedural, costly, red taped and lack transparency. In general public servants have not acted as servants of people but rather as masters without any sense of accountability and transparency. People are unaware of how and where to obtain public services and often...
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...Public administration refers to the officials, institutions and processes involved with implementing the laws, rules and policies passed by legislatures and executive. It was originally a branch of political science, but public administration has developed into a field of study of its own during the 20th century, thanks in part to groundbreaking writings by early scholars in the field. These classic works laid the foundation for a new discipline that combines academic study with professional training for people interested in government careers. In public administration the organizational success largely depends on its structure and leadership. Over the years many theories have been developed regarding the structure of organizations. I will be focusing on Fredrick Taylor and Adam Smith. These theorists provided different models of organizational structural theories. Frederick Taylor was considered to be the father of modern efficiency model. Around early 1900's, he formalized the principles of Scientific Management and developed a set of ideas designed focusing on the individual to help maximize efficiency. His main idea was that every job could be done in a scientific method which maximizes profit. He also believed that workers are lazy and their rational thought made them maximize their own utility. Taylor states that Management and not workers are to develop a science for every job, which replaces the old rule of thumb method.(Diprete,1991) In order to do that,...
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...1. How has the context of work changed over the past century? Western developed nations are undergoing a shift away from traditional, bureaucratic form. Bureaucracy has been the dominant form of organization for more than a century, but it has a bad reputation for being inefficient. It has also decreased the level of enthusiasm among the employees, resulting organizations which provide poor customer service and are not willing to change or create new innovations which are considered very important. “Furthermore, bureaucracies are considered effective in situations where large numbers of standardized operations are needed but it is argued that these conditions are increasingly rare in today’s business world, with even classic bureaucracies such as universities being forced to become more flexible to adapt to changing market conditions” 2. How do post-bureaucratic management practices differ from bureaucratic ones? Hecksher (1994) devised a list of ideal characteristics for “post-bureaucracies” which stand in contrast to Max Weber’s “ideal bureaucracy”: * rules are replaced with consensus and dialog based on personal influence * responsibilities are assigned on merit rather than hierarchy * people are treated as individuals rather than impersonally * the boundaries of the organization are opened. “Ritzer (1996) argues the world is becoming increasingly bureaucratic and for him there is no escape, with bureaucracy spreading first from the manufacturing industry...
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...Course Particulars Faculty: Faculty of Administrative Science and Policy Studies Course Name: Seminar in Public Management Course Code: ADS656 Course Status: Core Program: Bachelor of Administrative Science (Hons) Credit Hours: 3 Contact Hours: 3 Lecturer: Hj Saudi Bin Hj Narani Contact: 0198825985, 082-678481 Email : saudina@sarawak.uitm.edu.my, sjnarani58@gmail.com ------------------------------------------------- Semester: 29 February -19 June, 2016. ------------------------------------------------- ------------------------------------------------- Course Description ------------------------------------------------- The course provides students of administrative science the opportunity to synthesize the various theories and dynamics of public management. The course offers students an understanding of various public management issues arising out of the conventional theoretical approaches to public management as well as the new public management perspective. Issues are identified from the nature of the field and its core functions and solutions are explored from various dimension. The changing faces of public management due to internal and external influences are also critically examined with specific highlight to Malaysian experience. ------------------------------------------------- ------------------------------------------------- Course Outcomes ------------------------------------------------- Upon completion of the course, students...
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...Approaches of the public administration in: (a) The contemporary era Introduction The approaches to the study of Public administration in the contemporary era can be categorized from different angles such as normative approach and empirical approach. The main focus of these approaches is how public administration should be, and also to describe and to analyze the actual administrative situations. There different forms of public administration which are divide as follows; Philosophical approach Legal approach Historical approach Scientific approach Case Method Approach Institutional and Structural Approach Behavioral Approach Philosophical Approach The Philosophical approach takes within its purview all aspects of administrative activities. The main goal of this approach is to find out and enunciate the principles or ‘ideals’ underlying these activities. This is perhaps the oldest approach to public administration as of all other social sciences. Legal Approach This is a systematic approach which is formulated and it traces its ancestry to the European tradition of rooting Public administration in law. Public administration was considered to be a part of law, concentrating on legally prescribed structure and organization of Public authorities. Legal approach came into place at a time when the functions of the state were narrowly limited and simple in nature. The administrative law is an important branch of Public law which is conceived in quite broad terms to enable it...
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...Case of the United Arab Emirates (UAE) This article provides an overview of eGovernment and its role in revolutionising existing governmental systems. It argues that in order for eGovernment initiatives to truly succeed, we need to develop public trust and confidence to promote diffusion and participation. The article relates this to the recently announced UAE eGovernment Strategic Framework 2011-2013. The framework attempts to promote the electronic transformation of all government services within a period of three years. An important component of the strategic framework in question is the use of the existing national identity management infrastructure and the development of a government-owned federated identity management system to support Governmentto-Citizen (G2C) eGovernment transactions and promote trust and confidence on the Internet. Dr. Ali M. Al-Khouri United Arab Emirates Keywords eGovernment, identity management, federated identity, identity card. Government-owned identity management systems that provide secure, unique and tamper-proof digital identities should become a primary component of national eGovernment strategies. Such federated identity systems can gain higher levels of trust, confidence and encourage public participation and has the potential to enable new levels of collaboration between different government agencies. European Journal of ePractice · www.epracticejournal.eu Nº 17 · September 2012 · ISSN: 1988-625X 126 1. Introduction ...
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...National University of Singapore Lee Kuan Yew School of Public Policy PP5145 Political Economy of Reform Special Term 2014 – 2015 (as at 8 April 2015) (Tentative) Instructor: Office: Phone: Email: Website: YEE, (Henry) Wai-Hang, Ph.D. Li Ka Shing Building 02-03 6516 5832 sppywh@nus.edu.sg http://www.spp.nus.edu.sg/Faculty_Yee_Wai_Hang.aspx Class Hours: Office Hours: Monday 14:00 – 17:00; Thursday 14:00 – 17:00 By appointment Course Description Public managers need to master the skills of not only managing organizations but also managing projects, programs, and particularly larger-scale policy reforms. Good understanding of the political economy embedded in policy and administrative reforms are thus essential. This course examines the political-economic dynamics embedded in the reform process from an institutional perspective. It is a master–level course designed for practitioners in the field of public administration and public policy. It discusses strategies for achieving and enhancing reform outcomes. Theories and practices proposed by academics and practitioners will be drawn on as learning resources for the class. Class Format To achieve a high level of synergy and make the most out of our classroom meetings, I expect students to learn from both the instructor and one another in the class. Each of our class will be divided into 2 parts. In the first part, I will begin by giving a general introduction of the assigned readings. Then...
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