...PHYSICAL EVIDENCE Name Institution Physical Evidence In the field of crime and justice, the success of an investigation depends on the assemblage and analysis of the different types of evidence (Swanson Et Al., 2012). Forensic experts usually classify evidence ass either physical or biological evidence. Biological evidence refers to any type of evidence that they draw from a living being while Physical evidence refers to any type of evidence that they draw from a non-living organism. Examples of physical evidence are fibers, fingerprints, footprints, building materials and paints among others. On the other hand, DNA and bloodstains are some of the examples of biological evidence (Swanson Et Al., 2012). To me, the most interesting type of physical evidence is fingerprints. Fingerprints are one of the few things that one is sure not denying that it belongs to him or her. By default, everybody has his or her own unique fingerprint (Swanson Et Al., 2012). Therefore, in the case of crime, collection and analysis of evidence becomes easier for the forensic experts in case they get the fingerprints of the suspect. Unlike the other types of Physical Evidence where the suspect can easily deny to having any association with, fingerprints are unique to him or her thus no chance of denying. In fact, if the forensic experts can be able to get the fingerprints at the scene of a crime as evidence then compare it with the fingerprints of the suspect, then the case is as good as done...
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...Evidence can make or break a case in court, physical evidence is the most reliable form of evidence and can make it much easier to find the truth. Although in some cases there are limited forms of physical evidence and witnesses need to be call to the stand in order to set a story straight. Credibility of a witness comes in to play in every court case being decided by a judge or adjudicator in which a witness is called to the stand to testify. That could be an eye witness to a crime or an expert witness giving a statement and even the accused testifying on their own behalf. Credibility is legally defined as, “Worthiness of belief; that quality in a witness which renders his evidence worthy of belief. After the competence of a witness is allowed, the consideration of his credibility arises, and not before.” There are many things that are taken into account when the court including, demeanour in court, consistency of story and if the witness is an expert, qualifications. This paper will examine how the court decides if a witness is credible or not and the...
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...Luther King I would have won the case as well. Cases are built upon factual evidence and even if I could not have labeled him as the killer I definitely would have named him as an accomplice or co-conspirator. There are several key pieces of evidence that I would have built my case on. The confession, fingerprint analysis, motive, and the physical evidence found at the scene. As a side note I would also play up his criminal history and character to prove that he was capable of anything. There are several cross examination strategies that I would use to drive my points home. I would strike some telling blows with my first few questions, but then save some meaningful questions for the end. (Cotsirilos, 1971). The purpose of a cross-examination is to discredit a witness and I'd do my best to shine at this point. I'd ask simple questions so that people of ordinary intelligence would understand. For instance, why did he flee the country? Why where his fingerprints on the rifle? Why was he hiding from the police? I'd also remember not to go over the...
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... The fraud investigation process involves systematically A. The engagement process B. The evidence process C. The reporting process D. The loss recovery process II. The engagement process A. Analyze data B. Create Hypotheses regarding a possible fraud C. Test hypotheses D. Refine and amend hypotheses E. Fraud theory is supported by the evidence III. The evidence collection process A. Physical evidence, Collect physical and documentary evidence B. Collect documentary evidence C. Collect observational evidence D. Collect interview evidence 1. The initial interviews are conducted with the most remote suspects 2. The investigator then conducts additional interviews that are successively closer to the suspects 3. With the prime suspect being the last person interviewed IV. The fraud investigation engagement process A. Initial report 1. Includes the initial information used to justify the investigation 2. The initial information should be included in a unified case file 3. The incident report can serve as probable cause for law enforcement 4. The incident report can provide proof the suspect is not being singled out because of illegal discrimination or in violation of collective bargaining rights B. Make notifications and evidence 1. Routine incident reports may be routed to a predetermined department 2. Non-routine reports may be routed...
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...Oregon. The defendant appealed from conviction that was a gang-related assault. The defendant hit and beat a 16 year old with a metal baseball bat, and also his friend used a metal rod. The jury gave him guilty verdicts on two counts of first degree assault, and 3 counts of unlawful use of a weapon. The defendant pointed out an error on the first degree assault stating that the state did not prove that his assault caused the victim “serious physical injury” the defendant did not think that his actions did not cause damage to a point where the victim was at risk of dying. The court didn’t show evidence that when Mr. Alvarez hit the victim with the metal baseball bat that his hits created a “substantial risk of death”. Questions presented: 1. Was the beating that Mr. Alvarez gave to the victim enough to cause a substantial risk of death? 2. Should the defendant be able to get rid of the first degree assault to a lowered charge because the prosecutor didn’t show how his actions made the risk of death? 3. What is enough to cause “serious physical injury?” Answers/holding: We conclude, the court decided that because a blow to the victims head hard enough to make a “ding” sound, to have a wound where it exposed the skull, to have to need four stables and, cause the victim to be unconscious it still was a substantial risk of death. Also the scar that was visible on the victim five months after the incident qualified as a “protracted disfigurement” even though the defendant said that...
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...processes is involved. Forensic Chemistry is an interdisciplinary field of Chemistry tasked to solve cases that can only be explained or resolved by applying analytical methods of investigation and instrumentation with chemistry as the main core of discussion. Forensic chemistry is a broad and diversified field of science. It includes all branches of chemistry and the application of its principles to solve crimes when it arise in the administration of justice. Significantly, Forensic chemistry is vital in crime detection when the components or chemical composition, structure of physical evidence/s collected from the scene of the crime are needed to support in the speedy solution of crime. Application of forensic chemistry is legally applied to the following: 1. Primarily, Forensic Chemistry deals in the recognition, identification, preservation, packaging & transportation of physical evidence collected at the crime scene. 2. In crime detection, it is applied in the identification of poisons, blood, semen, feces, urine, saliva, and other body fluids whether fresh or dried. It also include other stains of interests from ob-gynecological origin, mineral stains, fruits and/or vegetable stains. 3. It is involved in determining the kind of ink used in signature writings, and the kind of paper of a questioned document. 4. The knowledge of properties of volatile substance like organic solvents (alcohol, acetone, etc), accelerants (gasoline, kerosene, oils), and miscible materials...
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...because he had an alibi. However, his alibi did not stand up to scientific evidence. Dr. McDonald was sentenced based on blood and trace evidence that did not back up his alibi. In this case scientific evidence is introduced to prove or disprove the consistency of the gospels based on the discipline of archeology. Strobel turns to an archeological professional who has personal experience working digs in the Middle East. His name is John McRay. As Strobel seeks to stay independent in gathering the evidence he proposes a question to help him determine if McRay will exaggerate the role of archeology when it comes to determining the reliability of the gospels. McCray points out that archeology can bring forth evidence is presented to either explain or disprove evidence presented. In this chapter the search for opinions contrary to those already collected, which includes the opinions of Jesus Seminar, a self-selected group representing a small portion of New Testament scholars who believe Jesus did not say most of what is credited to him in the gospels. They also published The Five Gospels which include the traditional four plus a manuscript titled the Gospel of Thomas which was written in the second century. The author examines their claims to see if he can find reliable evidence to disprove these confusing opinions. To find answers he visits Dr. Gregory Boyd to gather evidence to the Jesus Seminar's widely publicized views. Most skeptics take pride in...
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...CONTINUOUS WRITING Music Music is one of God’s greatest gifts to human beings. Music is a magical gift we must nourish and cultivate in young …………… because music is a part of the fabric of our society. The intrinsic value for each individual is widely recognised in the many …………….. that make up our lives. If we look around us, every human culture uses music to carry forward its ideas and ideals. The value of music is shaping individual abilities and characters are attested in a number of places. In America, secondary students ……….. participated in bands or orchestra reported the lowest lifetime and current use of alcohol, tobacco and illicit drugs. There are also scientific evidence that prove that an education in the arts makes better Math and Science students. It enhances spatial intelligence in newborns too. Thus, participation in arts and music is a ………………… experience that broadens students’ understanding and appreciation of the world around them. It is also well known and widely recognised that arts ………………….. significantly to children’s intellectual. Since music and pop culture are the norm of today’s society, they help to ……………. jobs, boost tourism, spur growth in related businesses, hotels, restaurants, and thus improve the overall quality of ……….. for our cities and towns. Success in a society, of course, is predicted on success in school. Any music …………… or parent of a music student can call to mind anecdotes about the effectiveness of music study in helping...
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...depictions of evidence as supporting claims, the film depicts evidence as suggesting claims. We see this immediately as paranoid people restlessly accuse each other of being child murderers, because of their visual interpretations. Within the first ten minutes of the film we are shown adults arguing, almost embarrassingly, on whose recollection of what they saw is more accurate: adults yell at each other: Red! Green! Red! Green! In this way the efficacy of seeing as an objective medium to gathering evidence, and even what counts as being evidence is questioned. In this paper I will explore the question: “What constitutes evidence?” by focusing on the coalescence and manipulation of evidence through sight in ‘M’. Despite the ostensible validity a fingerprint or paperwork may hold, and the objectivity police seemingly have, police still end up gathering these pieces of evidence in such a way that they actually invalidate them. The film portrays this manipulation of data by showing how police inspection (through bare sight), creates a sense of control over how things are seen and the impending problems with controlling how things are seen. Police commissioner, Lohmann, is shown seated as a line files past him one by one as he inspects their paperwork for them to identify and thereby prove their identities. A person has no paperwork, another is inspected to have fake paperwork, and a newspaper article overrides valid paperwork. He constantly dismisses their forms of evidence as not...
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...No one can believe until they see the person flying in the real sense. One of the major aspects that could have proved the theory is by doing it practically. If an individual is put on fire and the situation suits the theory “Spontaneous human combustion”, then it would be effective or supportive. Therefore, it would be tricky to demonstrate bearing in mind ethics and the fact that if it is “spontaneous”, then one cannot locate its occurrence (Arnold, 1995). 2. Many reported ghost sightings involve reenactments of battles, deaths, or murders. This finding suggests that certain physical objects, such as stones, can record emotions and events like a video recorder. [Kneale, N. (1972) "The stone tape," broadcast on BBC, December 25, 1972.] Over the 20 years, scientist believed that ghosts existed due to battles, deaths, and murders that were committed. However, there is no single evidence that supports the existence of ghosts or...
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...healing hospital model is a new paradigm that focuses treatment on both the physical and spiritual needs of patients. In fact, it is intent on ensuring that the patient achieves whole body wellness, and not only disease management. As such, it advances the concept that for healing to be complete, the physical needs should be addressed in concurrence with the patient’s spiritual and emotional needs. With regards to the spiritual needs, the concept draws ideas from the Bible. For instance, 1st Corinthians 12:9 clearly indicates that human beings were given the spirit of healing to meet spiritual needs. To achieve this goal, the concept applies three principal components to include, adopting loving care as a culture, meeting physical needs, and an integrated work technology and design. On the other hand, the concept is faced by challenges that hinder its effectiveness and efficiency (Chapman, 2005). This paper discusses the components and difficulties of a healing hospital as a daring paradigm. As earlier indicated, a healing hospital has three principal components. This is because it lays emphasis on the healing environment, ensuring that care provision is not limited to medication and medical procedures, but also to how the patients and their families are involved in the process of treatment. In essence, the concept introduces a new paradigm whereby the body is believed to constitute a spirit, mind and physical form that must be taken care of before the body can achieve wellness. The...
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...Writing Assignment 1 Crime Scene/Law of Evidence Haley Wolf 3/10/15 Introduction: There are several types of affirmative defenses that can be used by the defendant. One of the defenses that can be used is that of self-defense. Self-defense is a justification defense, which means that the defendant does admit they were responsible for their acts but they claim what they did was right, under the circumstances. In the cases where this defense is used even if the government proves all of the elements of the crime beyond a reasonable doubt, the defendant still gets to walk because they are not blameworthy. As per the circumstances being studied, the shooting of the husband by the wife, the defense will be trying to use self-defense as the defense in the reasoning of the plea of not guilty. There are four elements that self-defense is made up of: 1. It has to be an unprovoked attack, 2. Necessity, 3. Proportionality, and 4. Reasonable belief. In the case for both the defense and prosecution all of these elements will be looked into. Also I will look at and consider as to whether it could have been considered a preemptive strike or retaliation as neither of those can happen if self-defense is to be used as the justification. Prosecution: Since this case is happening in Kansas the prosecution will have the burden of proof no matter what. This comes from 51.050 Defense – Burden of Proof which states: “The defendant raises self-defense as a defense…….The state’s burden...
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...make to the study of religious language * Analogy * Symbol and myth * Language games Religious language has been around for years and two of the contributions that relate to this are analogy and language games. Religious language is used to talk about religious ideas for example the existence of god. The Vienna circle can up with the idea of the verification principle and they believed that unless something can be empirically proven then it doesn’t exist meaning that it has no meaning. However one issue with this theory is that you cannot prove something that isn’t of sight for example historical statements and emotional statements. This also applies to religious statements because god cannot be proven meaning his is not a physical being making him meaningless. However Ayer creates the weak verification principle and argues you can have statements like ‘I love you’ and historical statements but he argues that along as it can be proven as some point then it is not meaningless. Analogy is another way of describing things in religious language for example Paley’s idea of the world being like a watch. Univocal language is good when describing god because you can relate to it for example saying ‘god is good’ and saying ‘that was good’ gives you a measure of how good god really is because you understand what good means, meaning it is easy to relate and understand because it can be related to anything including god. However it can be argued that this means that you’re...
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...Ives Agenda Time | Session | Facilitation | 09.30-09.40 | 1. Introduction and objectives | Kate | 09.40-10.00 | 2. Summary of findings | ppt slides (Kate) | 10.00-11.30 | 3. Discussion points and next steps | Group | Meeting notes Session 1 | Introduction | Kate | Objectives of the session are to reflect on lessons learned from rural sourcing programming after these first 4 years. Second, we want to discuss ways to deepen quality and sustainability in the future. | Session 2 | Summary of findings | Slide 4: Drivers * A point of clarification was added: access to resources also means control of resources. * The group discussed the meaning of “access to markets”, and defined restricting factors as: physical mobility (infrastructure and geographic restrictions such as those facing the chor areas), social mobility (gender-based constraints on leaving the home), fear of violence, women’s workload, and health. * There was a suggestion to refer more directly to the rural impact statement for appropriate language, and to refer to the agency/structure/relationships model. Slide 5 * It was suggested that ongoing monitoring be added to the process outlined above. * There was discussion around the importance of conducting an early needs assessment of the women, and that this should be incorporated into future programming. * The selection of women was deemed crucial to the success of the intervention, to meet the women’s needs...
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...* CRITICAL THINKING REQUIREMENTS * * * Firstly, recognise that thinking critically does not mean simple criticism. It means not simply accepting information at face value in a non-critical or non-evaluating way. * The essence of critical thinking centres not on answering questions but on questioning answers, so it involves questioning, probing, analysing, evaluating. In his novel "Sophie's World", the Norwegian writer Jostein Gaarder notes that: "The most subversive people are those who ask questions". * Remember that prominence does not equate to importance. A newspaper may have made its lead story the rumour of a break-up between Britney Spears and her latest boyfriend, but that does not necessarily make it the most important news item that day. Conversely, in 1914 that tiny story about the assassination of an obscure nobleman in some backwater called Sarajevo proved to have rather more repercussions than most readers first appreciated. Try an experiment: one day, buy five or six national newspapers, compare their coverage of the same stories on the same day, and note the different prominence - and the different slant - given to the same stories. * To understand a news item, try to give some context to the current event. For instance, if it is reported that a group of Sunnis today attacked a meeting of Shiites in Iraq, three things are needed to make full sense of the report. First, explanation: what is the difference between Sunnis and Shiites and...
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