...GAPS Guidelines GAP.17.5.0 A Publication of Global Asset Protection Services LLC PULP AND PAPER MANUFACTURING INTRODUCTION The modern pulp and paper mill is a complex, high-valued facility. To operate profitably under today’s environmental constraints, a mill must efficiently integrate steam and power demands and chemical recovery systems with the pulp and paper processes. Computer control of all mill processes is the norm. Each step in papermaking — from raw material storage, through stock preparation and papermaking, to finished roll storage — presents special loss prevention challenges. Storage areas pose severe fire loss potentials. Fires, explosions and machinery breakdowns can seriously damage critical process equipment. Pollution control equipment can also cause large losses. Associated with these high property damage potentials are even higher business interruption potentials. In a full process Kraft mill, loss of the black liquor recovery boiler (BLRB) can result in extensive downtime. Continuous digesters and Yankee dryers can also present very large business interruption potentials. This GAPS Guideline describes “full process” pulp and paper mills. Full process mills include pulp, paper and finishing mills, and sometimes converting mills. Figure 1 shows a simplified process flow diagram for a full process mill. Many of the processes described in this section also apply to mills that are not full process. PROCESSES AND HAZARDS Woodyard Operations...
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...method in the mess. tination—are printed out on a stiff piece of paper, perhaps one and a half by six BY MALCOLM GLADWELL and a half inches,known as a flight strip. And as the plane passes through each sector of the airspace the controller jots down, using a kind of shorthand, everything new that is happening to the plane—its speed, say, and where it’s heading, clearances from ground control, holding instructions,comments on the pilot. It’s a method that dates back to the days before radar, and it drives critics of the air-traffic-control system crazy. Why, in this day and age, are planes being handled like breakfast orders in a roadside diner? This is one of the great puzzles of the modern workplace.Computer technology was supposed to replace paper. But that hasn’t happened. Every country in the Western world uses more paper today, on a per-capita basis, than it did ten years ago.The consumption of uncoated freesheet paper, for instance—the most common kind of office paper—rose almost fifteen per cent in the United States between 1995 and 2000. This is generally taken as evidence of how hard it is to eradicate old, wasteful habits and of how stubbornly resistant we are to the efficiencies offered by computerization. A number of cognitive psychologists and ergonomics experts, however, don’t agree. Paper has persisted, they argue, for very good reasons: when it comes to performing certain kinds of cognitive tasks, paper has many advantages over computers. The dismay people feel at the...
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...method in the mess. tination—are printed out on a stiff piece of paper, perhaps one and a half by six BY MALCOLM GLADWELL and a half inches,known as a flight strip. And as the plane passes through each sector of the airspace the controller jots down, using a kind of shorthand, everything new that is happening to the plane—its speed, say, and where it’s heading, clearances from ground control, holding instructions,comments on the pilot. It’s a method that dates back to the days before radar, and it drives critics of the air-traffic-control system crazy. Why, in this day and age, are planes being handled like breakfast orders in a roadside diner? This is one of the great puzzles of the modern workplace.Computer technology was supposed to replace paper. But that hasn’t happened. Every country in the Western world uses more paper today, on a per-capita basis, than it did ten years ago.The consumption of uncoated freesheet paper, for instance—the most common kind of office paper—rose almost fifteen per cent in the United States between 1995 and 2000. This is generally taken as evidence of how hard it is to eradicate old, wasteful habits and of how stubbornly resistant we are to the efficiencies offered by computerization. A number of cognitive psychologists and ergonomics experts, however, don’t agree. Paper has persisted, they argue, for very good reasons: when it comes to performing certain kinds of cognitive tasks, paper has many advantages over computers. The dismay people feel at the...
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...Literature Review: Geothermal Piles Contents Introduction 3 Background of Geothermal Piles 4 Description of System 4 Construction and Design 4 Construction Process 4 Design Process 5 Design Issues and Deficiencies 5 Uses and Benefits 5 Feasibility and Testing 5 Carbon Accounting 5 Conclusion 5 References 5 Introduction It has become globally recognised that CO₂ emissions need to be massively reduced, if we are to extend the habitable condition of this planet for future generations. In this vein over the past twenty years there have been massive strides in the development of renewable energy technologies. Geothermal Energy is one of the most promising methods of renewable energy generation in the struggle to find a sufficient replacement for fossil fuels. Geothermal Energy or Ground Thermal Energy can be harnessed in a number of ways, including ground source heat pumping systems integrated into boreholes and wells (Boennec, 2008). Energy Foundations or Thermo-active Ground structures is a broad term encompassing almost all subsurface engineering structure, such as bored or prefabricated piles, retaining walls, base slabs and diaphragm walls (Hemmingway & Long, 2013) for example, that have integrated closed loop ground source heat pumping systems to provide heating capacity in winter time and cooling capacity in summer time for almost any purpose building. However, the focus of this paper is on a particular method of Geothermal Energy extraction...
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...to living more sustainably. So, what better way to aid this than create your own compost pile. You can make it as simple or complex as you please – all you really need is to combine the right materials and let nature do the rest. However there are a few different ways to make your compost more nutrient rich and more efficient. What is composting? Composting is a natural process where organic materials decompose and are turned into a rich soil. It is also a form of recycling as you are essentially returning nutrients back into the soil. Getting started The easiest way to make your own compost bin is by making a four foot wide circular cage using chicken wire and a piece of untreated wood to secure it into the ground and keep it more rigid. It may also be worth adding some twigs at the bottom to aid drainage. Covering the top of the pile with anything from wood to a plastic bin bag is not essential but will help to retain heat and moisture and also prevent it from getting saturated in the rain. Alternatively most local councils offer plastic composting bins if you wanted to keep it neater and more controlled. What can I add to my compost pile? . Vegetable and fruit leftovers . Egg shells . Shredded paper . Coffee grounds / Tea leaves . Untreated grass clippings . Weeds . Whole or chopped leaves . Manure from grazing animals. What not to add to your compost pile . Meat / Fish . Herbicide treated vegetation . Manure from domestic animals (cats...
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...We use a conversational and non-technical way to introduce the introductory skills that you will need to develop in order to become comfortable with accessing and using computer programs. We will concentrate on the skills that will apply to many commonly used programs. Topics to be covered include: Hardware Basics, Windows Basics, and working with text. Computer Basic Skills Microsoft Windows PCs www.NetLiteracy.org | [PickP a date]| 1 the g e 1 Basic Computer Components Computers come in different shapes and sizes. However, there are several parts on a computer that are universal to all computers. Hardware vs. Software Hardware includes the parts of the computer system that you actually can touch (like the keyboard, mouse, monitor, or CPU). What’s a CPU? It’s explained below. Software refers to the programs that you use on your computer (like a wordprocessing program) or the programs that make your computer work (you physically cannot touch these). Programs are also called applications. CPU (Central Processing Unit): This box is the brain of a computer system. It processes, stores, and communicates information. Wires connect your CPU to your monitor and other devices. Computers are somewhat similar to people. They have memories just like us. The memory on a computer is stored in data on disks. Disks look like small heavy old style records. Disks function similarly like records. As the disk spins inside the computer, the data on the disk is accessed. The programs...
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...Improving Personal Effectiveness By Wayne Rivers Family business leaders continually lament the fact that there are simply not enough hours in the day to do all of things they want to do in their businesses and, perhaps more importantly, in their personal lives. Today, the demands of business are such that you could work 24 hours a day every day and still not get all things done to make your business run more efficiently and effectively. Family business members often ask what they can do to improve their personal effectiveness both at work and at home. It’s helpful to distinguish between efficiency and effectiveness. Efficiency can be quickly and clearly defined as doing things right. Effectiveness is doing right things right. Family business owners all too often find themselves doing jobs that could and should be done by other people on the payroll. When an accounts payable clerk is out sick, it may be the owner of the business who fills that slot. The same holds true for a superintendent who is out on vacation or a salesman who is out on disability. Because they are capable of doing virtually any job in the organization, FBO’s often do, and by so doing they inadvertently reduce themselves to the role of “utility player.” Many family business owners suffer from a modern malady called “Urgency Addiction” or “Hurry Sickness.” While they bemoan the fact that they can’t seem to get a moment’s peace, their cell phones are continually ringing and their pagers and email...
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...your conclusions about the topic. Try these worksheets to help: •Thought Organizer •Essay Planner Time Required: Improve Your Essay Writing Skills in about One Hour Here's How: 1. Improving Your Essay Writing Skills - Understanding Your Assignment What is a Three Point Five Paragraph Paper? A three point five paragraph paper, also called a 3.5 paper, is a type of essay that includes five paragraphs and three main ideas, or points: 1.The first paragraph is an introduction. 2.The second, third, and fourth paragraphs each include one main point or idea. 3.The final paragraph is a conclusion. 2. Why Write a Three Point Five Paragraph Essay? •A 3.5 paper is a type of essay that organizes and presents your topic in a clear, well-supported, and complete way. •You can use this form of writing for many types of assignments such as: •Classroom homework assignments; •Essay tests and examinations; •Articles for the school or local newspaper; •Presentations using PowerPoint or other slide show software; •Speeches and Oral Presentations; •Poster presentations for science fairs or other academic presentations; and •Workplace assignments for papers or presentations on the job. 3. Improve Essay Writing with Pre-writing Tasks As with any type of writing project, performing pre-writing tasks is an important first step: •Get...
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...Original Question: What is the best way to manually count ballot papers in block vote (BV) systems? With first-past-the-post systems, one can easily pile the ballots for each candidate, and then tally the totals. Where there is more than one vote recorded on ballot papers, some kind of tallying system seems unavoidable. What techniques are used in counting block vote ballots elsewhere? Introduction “Vote counting is one of the most crucial stages in the election process. Failure to complete the count and transmit results in a quick, transparent and accurate manner can jeopardize public confidence in the elections and will directly affect whether candidates and political parties accept the final results.” (The ACE Encyclopedia) Block Voting (BV) belongs to the “family” of plurality / majority Electoral Systems (The other two big “families” being proportional, or mixed Electoral Systems) and is in fact a first-past-the-post (FPTP) system with the difference that it occurs in multi-member districts with voters having as many votes as there are positions to be filled. In a five-member constituency for example, the five candidates with the largest number of votes are elected, regardless of the actual percentage level of votes they receive. In BV systems, voters are usually free to vote for individual candidates regardless of party affiliation, but they are not entitled to cast the same vote more than once. Voters are also most often free to not use all the votes they are entitled...
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...Composting With Worms by Earth911 04/02/07 130 Comments Tweet Editor’s Note [Updated on May 9, 2011] – This article was originally written in April 2007. Please see the following links for updated, more timely information concerning composting: * Composting in the City – How to compost without a yard, little space and virtually no time. * The Next Wave in Composting – What to do with the “biodegradable” and “compostable” products. * Guide to Composting in the Winter – When the temperatures outside fall, so does your compost’s efficiency. Here’s how to prepare. * I Got Worms! Composting and You – Vermicompost, or composting with worms, is a great first step before you commit to a large compost pile. This guide will show you how to get started. * Cheat Sheet: Composting - Feel behind on the talk about compost? This article breaks down composting, its benefits and whether or not it’s right for you. ORIGINAL ARTICLE: Let worms eat your organic waste! They will happily turn it into some of the best fertilizer on earth – worm compost, otherwise known as “worm castings” or “vermicompost.” Only a few things are needed to make good worm compost: a bin, bedding, worms and worm food. By following the steps listed below, you will learn to make, maintain and use your own worm compost. Only a few things are needed to make good worm compost: a bin, bedding, worms and worm food. Photo: Howstuffworks.com Worm Bins Your bin needs to be only 8 to 16 inches deep, since...
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...obtain the fresh mass of leaves in each bag. To limit the amount of fresh mass loss in the form of water from stomata transpiration, the following steps were performed relatively quickly, albeit with care. The mass of both leaf piles, as determined previously, was then divided by nineteen and rounded down to the nearest gram. Next, the mass of two separate dry empty paper bags were weighed to the nearest tenth of a gram, and this value was subsequently labelled on each of the bags, in addition to the appropriate identifying information and scale balance used. Then, leaves from each of the two main piles (two kilograms each) were separated into smaller piles, each with an approximate mass of the large piles of fresh leaves divided by nineteen, as previously calculated, that were weighed to the nearest tenth of a gram in plastic tare pans. Each of the smaller pile samples of leaves from each site was then placed into the previously weighed dry empty paper bags. These bags were then set in a drying oven to dry for a minimum of two days at 80°C to remove any water present. In the following week, the bags were removed from the oven, and each of the paper bags was weighed to indirectly obtain their dry mass through subtraction of the mass of the empty, dry paper bags. To determine how much water was lost in the drying process, the dry mass to fresh mass ratio was determined for each of the samples. Following this, thirty-six tagged mesh bags were provided, divided into two separate groups...
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...When classes resumed the week after spring break, I had more time to work on my service learning project because I have finished my midterms and research papers the week before spring break started. When I arrived at the CSUN archaeology lab I continued to organize and catalog the geology collection into different piles. Most of the items in the collection are textbooks, Department of Water and Power reports, court cases files on L.A. County properties, and other miscellaneous items. I noticed that many of the items in the geology collection do not have any spatial relationship between them. I found old candy bars, empty toothpaste tubes, and old unpaid bills scattered all over the geology collection. Based on the theory of post processual archaeology, I hypothesized that the donor of a geology collection did not care how he organized the items inside the boxes and I believe that the donor might be a...
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...In the case of pier without SSI, the pier’s substructure (pile foundation) and soil spring elements are deleted from the finite element models and a fixed base of boundary condition at the bottom of pile caps of pier is considered. It is the motivation of this study that evaluating the effect of pier’s substructure (including the pile foundation and its relevant surrounding soil) on the pier’s response by the assessment of energy distribution method in a barge-pier system. However, in the previous works (e.g. [16], [17], and [20]), the effect of SSI on the pier’s response during vessel collision events had been investigated by evaluating the pier’s impact load and displacement...
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...Do you know where your tax records are? Chances are, they're swimming in a stack of paper ... somewhere. Rafts of paper flood into the average home each day. The mailbox discharges letters and bills and bank statements. Briefcases explode with professional journals, pay stubs and calendars. School backpacks unload children's artwork, meeting notices and sports schedules. Paper clutter costs money, time and stress. A missing permission slip derails the entire family on the way out the door. Hide-and-seek bills lead to late payment fees. Lose the roster, and it's back to the Yellow Pages each time you need to contact the soccer car pool. Without a plan for paper management, a household can drown in a rising tide of paper. Take back your time with these simple tips to pull the plug on paper clutter: Easy as ABC Efficient paper management is easy as ABC: action, basic and classic file systems. An ABC household filing system will sort paperwork at the source, allow users to find documents easily, and maintain and retrieve important papers in the future. An ABC household filing system includes: Action File: a tabletop file for daily, short-term filing. Use an action file to organize bills for payment, papers that require response, and information that must be filed. Basic Files: a household's working file system. Kept in a file cart, cabinet or drawer, basic files hold medical insurance records, credit card statements, rent receipts and bank statements. Use...
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...his or her community decided it was necessary. The "lottery" is an age-old tradition in the community presented in the story where the whole town must draw from a box and whoever gets the piece of paper with a mark on it gets stoned to death. The lottery is a barbaric custom but no one questions it because everybody goes along with it. The first time reading "The Lottery” heeds a surprise ending. When going back and reading the story a second or third time, all the foreshadowing the author puts into the story is blatant. Jackson uses foreshadowing in The Lottery to warn the reader of the disturbing ending of the story. To start, Jackson foreshadows the stoning of Mrs. Hutchinson by describing the village boys' preparatory actions before the lottery takes place. Jackson lets the reader know that the boys are collecting stones and putting them into piles, saying, "Bobby Martin had already stuffed his pockets full of stones, and the other boys soon followed his example, selecting the smoothest and roundest stones... [and] eventually made a great pile of stones in one corner of the square." The boys putting the stones into piles foreshadows that the stones that will be used to throw at the lottery winner. At the end of the story, both the boys and the parents will pick from these piles and throw stones at the lottery winner. The boys’ collecting actions also represent the young age that the village accustoms its members to be savage and be okay...
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