...Organizational Development and Planned Changed Lashawnda Norris Everest University Online MAN 5285 Organizational Development and Change Dr. Jimmie Flores Organizational Development and Planned Change Organizational development is a set of planned-change techniques or interventions designed to improve organization effectiveness and employee well-being (Balzac, 2011). According to Worren, et al. (1999) stated: “change management is clearly broader than OD in that it includes a wide range of intervention strategies that may enhance human performance directly or indirectly, including process consultation, work restructuring, strategic HRM planning, and the design or development of information technology (IT) solutions (e.g., user interface design) A crucial feature of change management is that it is seen as only one component of a larger organizational change effort, the other components being strategy, business processes, and technology”. In many organizations, organizational development is primarily concerned with managing change in such a way that knowledge and skills are transferred to build the organization’s ability to achieve goals and solve problems (Cummings, et al., 2009). Worren & Ruddle (1999) states: “Organizational development places specific emphasis on the human resources and organizational culture functions. Talent must be attracted, retained and shepherded in order to achieve long-term success in an information economy. Companies...
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...October 30, 2012 Application 2-1 “ Planned Change at the San Diego County Regional Airport Authority” This case offers you the opportunity to identify and understand how each step of planned change is manifested in the application. It also describes how the plan evolves and adjusts during the transition. Question #1. Identify and describe the steps of the planned change process a) Recognize the need for change. The top management level recognized the need of a change. The San Diego County Regional Airport Authority (SDCRAA) was created by a California state law in October 2001. In this case, the change was motivated for the need to be seen differently in the marketplace. b) Develop the goals of the change. It was necessary to determine the importance of the change. Two broad but interdependent categories of initial activity emerged: developing the transition plan and dealing with the legal and regulatory issues. Both problems and improvement chances were evaluated and made. The group lead by Thella Bowens understood the importance of SDCRAA quickly becoming a standalone agency and recommended revising the existing strategic plan, to hire staff to research, discuss, and create a transition plan, and to conduct retreats with employees from multiple organization levels. c) Select a change agent. The change agent is the person who takes leadership responsibility to implement planned change. Thella Bowens was the senior director of the Aviation Division within the...
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...Executive Summary This report describes the results of a series of six eight-hour dialogues with San Diego County residents on possible approaches to the future of air travel and San Diego’s airport. There are three parts to this summary, which cover methodology, general findings and implications for action for decision-makers committed to leading a public learning process in support of a long-term solution to the San Diego region’s air travel needs. Methodology These intense, day-long dialogues were sponsored by the San Diego County Regional Airport Authority (SDCRAA) and conducted in March and April 2004. They were designed to assess residents’ views about the current airport at Lindbergh Field as well as how their views evolved as they came to terms with the pros and cons of four possible ways of addressing the airport issue. Viewpoint Learning conducted six specialized “ChoiceWork Dialogues,” each one comprised of 35 to 45 participants randomly selected to be representative of the general population. The dialogues were explicitly not site-specific – rather they focused on what kind of airport citizens would like to see and what their top priorities are for air travel and the future of the region. The dialogues were designed with several purposes in mind: • To provide an in-depth understanding of what San Diegans’ values and priorities are regarding air travel, growth, transit, and the economy; • To inform the design of an airport solution (including the site...
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...States Funding Society Dear Dr. Funder, Planned Parenthood Organizations have been dealing with sexual health related issues such as pregnancies and sexual health education dating back to 1916. Throughout the years since then many things have changed, and many of the changes came from Margaret Sanger, who at that time opened many doors for women back then. Women that were not allowed to do anything about unwanted pregnancies, such as using the birth control pill. In the 1960’s the birth control pill was put on shelves and one in every four women were taking in. As the years continued many other aspects would change as well. The Planned Parenthood organization are in place to help families, women, men, adolescent, and children with education, sexual health questions, and even deal with other pregnancy services. The services will come to many that cannot afford proper health care to little or no cost at all. The Planned Parenthood organization’s mission statement is as follows: “A Reason for being”. The mission statement is in place to show individuals of any race, gender, or ethnicity that help is available to them, and each of the individuals that come into the organization all over the world will be free from any harassment or judgment. Respect and values plays an important role within the Planned Parenthood organizations, and each of the qualified employees or volunteers plan to keep it that way. Long term goals that the Planned Parenthood organization would like to implement...
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...decision. This will show making individual decision in how a person uses economics to their lives. Economics effect every decision that someone make in the world. Example to the principles of individual decision-making Individual decisions have principles in how to make decision. Can someone just make on individual decision that does not affect him or her on economics decision. The principles for individual decision-making are to make your own decision. Individual decision-making personal or business decision because a person can make it for reason. Example if a person is makes a decision at home for their family then that come to the person decision-making. Then on the twist side, the business individual decision-making would be to change the business face. Changing the face of the company by figuring out how changing this will benefit the business. Decision in which compared the marginal benefits and the marginal costs associated with the decision What decision that a person make with marginal benefits and the marginal costs. Benefits and cost marginal are affecting decision-making. The process that takes these two marginal, which helps someone, make a decision that affect his or her choices in the economics aspect. Example a company uses these two marginal in expending the business overseas. This works because if company wants to expand they see the marginal benefits for their company also using the marginal costs to make this decision for their business. The marginal...
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...A report on “Business Environment” Date:___________________ Submit to:________________ Table of Contents TASK 2: Nature of the Operating Business Environment………………………………..…3 Introduction………………………………………………………………………………….3 1.1 Explain how economic systems attempt to allocate resources effectively………………3 1.2 Assess the impact of fiscal and monetary policy on “Lloyds Banking Group, UK”, and their activities………………………………………………………………………..5 1.3 Evaluate the impact of competition policy and other regulatory mechanisms on the activities of a “Lloyds Banking Group, UK”....................................................................................7 References…………………………………………………………………………………….9 TASK 2: Nature of the Operating Business Environment Introduction: The study discusses different types of economic systems and assesses how these economic system attempts to allocate resources efficaciously, explains the UK government policies (namely monetary, fiscal, social, and competitive policies) and assess the effect of all the above-mentioned policies on a “Lloyds Banking Group, UK”, UK based organization. The paper exposits market structure types (namely, perfect competition, monopoly, monopolistic competition, and other market structures. Finally, the paper describes the ways market structures define the output and pricing strategies of the companies. 1.1 Explain how economic systems attempt to allocate resources effectively Economic systems...
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...Leadership is both a research area and a practical skill, regarding the ability of an individual or organization to "lead" or guide other individuals, teams, or entire organizations. Controversial viewpoints are present in the literature, among Eastern and Western approaches to leadership, and also within the West, on US vs. European approaches. In US academic environments leadership is defined as "a process of social influence in which a person can enlist the aid and support of others in the accomplishment of a common task".[1][2] Leadership seen from a European and non-academic perspective encompasses a view of a leader who can be moved both by communitarian goals but also by the search for personal power. As the European researcher Daniele Trevisani states: Different types of leadership styles exist in work environments. Advantages and disadvantages exist within each leadership style. The culture and goals of an organization determine which leadership style fits the firm best. Some companies offer several leadership styles within the organization, dependent upon the necessary tasks to complete and departmental needs. Laissez-Faire A laissez-faire leader lacks direct supervision of employees and fails to provide regular feedback to those under his supervision. Highly experienced and trained employees requiring little supervision fall under the laissez-faire leadership style. However, not all employees possess those characteristics. This leadership style hinders the production...
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...Economics systems never lack in movement. They are persistently in transition, and alter as the history and culture of their people alter. They differ as government changes and as reformed theories/concepts of economic management conquer. A Planned Economy differentiates from a Market Based Economy in several ways; it all comes down to ‘What to Produce’, ‘How to Produce’, and ‘For Whom To Produce’. In a planned economic system ‘What to Produce’ is determined and controlled by the Government, supposedly to benefit the country. In comparison to a Market Economic System, customers are seen as inferior as opposed to ‘scientific, medical and space research, and military production’; these are seen as first priority. In a Market Based Economy decisions are made dependent on market force. Consumers play a central role in choices made in ‘what to produce’ and make majority of ‘what?’ decisions by making dollar votes in the market. In a planned economy, ‘How to Produce’ verdicts are made centrally, central planners set production aims for regions and have set prices for farmers and factories. However, in a Market Economy producers are given the opportunity to be able to make choices of what mix of resources to use in production, to benefit their customers. Lastly, in a Planned Economy, ‘For Whom To Produce’ the governments planning bureau controls wages, meaning no extra pay for working overtime. In a Market Economy, ‘For Whom To Produce’ the individuals income determines the share...
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...Individual Case Study James Lee MGT/448 February 14, 2013 Gerie Smrcina The Russian Ruble Crisis and Its Aftermath The country of Russia as a whole was in great turmoil as far as financial stability is concerned during the late 80’s and early 90’s. The government had made irresponsible decision that ultimately caused inflation throughout the country. Because of this businesses began to suffer as well as employees of these particular businesses. This forced the government to make changes from a legal and cultural standpoint which began with the government moving from a centralized planned economy (communist) to a market controlled economy ( Free price system). Because of these legal changes prices rose and inflation went through the roof. Financially this caused other problems due to the fact other countries/businesses were skeptical about doing business with Russia because of the instability of the ruble and the economy. Other ramifications were that during the communist era the prices were regulated because it was centrally controlled. Once the transition from moving to a market economy happened the prices were no longer regulated which caused them to rise dramatically. Russia was accustom to the communist structure and moving to a supply and demand economy was a cultural shock to Russia as noticed by the way the government handled the transition ( inflation/prices rose). Russia made another legal decision that created more problems because they did not want to raise...
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...distribute what has been produced determine the type of economic system that particular country practises. 1. MARKET ECONOMY (also called FREE ENTERPRISE ECONOMIES or CAPITALIST ECONOMY) 2. CENTRALLY – PLANNED or CONTROLLED ECONOMY 3. MIXED ECONOMY 1. MARKET ECONOMY in comparison to 2. PLANNED ECONOMY e.g. USA, Japan Private firms or individuals own means of production. They make choices about: o What to produce o How to produce o For whom to produce - What to produce is answered by consumers according their demand for goods & services - How to produce is answered by the businessmen. They will choose the production method, which reduces their costs to reach the higher profit. - For whom to produce – firms produce goods & services which consumers are willing and able to buy. Role of government 1. To pass laws to protect businessmen & consumers 2. To issue money 3. To provide certain services – police 4. To prevent firms from dominating The market and to restrict the power Of trade unions 5. Repair and maintain state properties Advantages: Goods and services go where they are most in demand and free market responds quickly to people’s wants + wide variety of G&S No need for and overriding authority to determine allocation of goods&services Producers and consumers are free to make changes to suit their aims Competition and the opportunity to make large profits, greater efficiency, innovation Disadvantages: It mis-allocates resources(to those with more $) It creates inequality of...
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...Chapter 02 National Differences in Political Economy True / False Questions 1. A country's political economy and culture are independent of each other. True False 2. It is not possible to have democratic societies that emphasize a mix of collectivism and individualism. True False 3. The communists believed that socialism could be achieved by democratic means, and turned their backs on violent revolution and dictatorship. True False 4. In an individualist society, the welfare of society is best served by letting people pursue their own economic self-interest. True False 5. The central message of collectivism is that individual economic and political freedoms are the ground rules on which a society should be based. True False 6. There is a global trend of societies shifting from individualism toward collectivism. True False 7. It is possible to have a democratic state where collective values predominate. True False 8. It is possible to have a totalitarian state that is hostile to collectivism and where some degree of individualism is encouraged. True False 9. The most practical form of democracy is direct democracy. True False 10. Most modern democratic states practice representative democracy. True False 11. In a market economy, if demand for a product exceeds supply, prices will rise, signaling to producers to produce more. True False ...
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...thing something else is given up. The next principle is for every decision made there is a cost. The cost is what was given up. The third principle is people think rationally and rational people think on the margin, meaning that the decision is not made unless the marginal benefit exceeds the marginal cost. The final principle is that people respond to incentives. Behavior changes when cost or benefits change. These principles explain how the economy functions as a whole. Since resources are scarce people have to make decisions based on benefiting themselves on how to spend their time and money. To make rational decisions people must interact with the environment and other decision makers. These interactions lead to the best allocation of resources. When people interact with one another they make trade for resources when the benefit is mutual. For example buying a soda the buyer is thirsty and enjoys soda so he or she will benefit from the soda, and the vender will benefit from the money for the soda so the trade has been made. These interactions are affected by the economy system present. In a centrally planned economy central authorities make decisions for what would be the best use of their goods and resources. The state can set prices of goods and determine how much to produce. Therefore, decisions are not voluntary. Decisions are voluntary in a market economy where the pricing of goods and services are guided solely by the interactions of a country’s citizens and businesses...
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...employ. The fundamental rights of a free market include; the right to own and profit from a business, the right to private property, the right to choice, and the right to fair competition. Businesses thrive because they are allowed to choose the best product for their business, the best people to work for them, the best place to open their business, and have the want to do good because of their potential monetary gains. - How do supply and demand impact the free market system? Supply and demand are what cause change in prices of goods across the board. If a new item was put on the market and everyone wanted one, the price of that item would skyrocket. Once the market gets flooded with copy cat products, there would be an ample supply of that item and the price would drive down. - Describe the key principles of socialist and communist economic systems. Does more government control mean less economic opportunity? Why or why not? Socialist and communist economies are both planned economies. A socialist economy is one where the government operates key enterprises such as healthcare and...
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...PART 2 The Global Marketing Environment CHAPTER 2 The Global Economic Environment Case 2-1 The Global Economic Crisis I n his 1997 book One World, Ready or Not, William Greider described the United States as “the buyer of last resort.” Greider explained that, for many years, the United States was the only nation that was willing to absorb production surpluses exported by companies in Europe, Asia, and Latin America. Greider asked: “Who will buy the surpluses when the United States cannot?” The conventional wisdom has long held that strong spending by consumers in other nations would keep the world economy humming. However, by 2008, Greider’s question was taking on a new urgency and the conventional wisdom was being tested. An economic crisis that had its roots in lax subprime mortgage lending practices began to spread around the globe. In the United States, where the crisis began, economic misery was widespread: The housing market collapsed, real estate values plummeted, credit tightened, and job growth slowed (see Exhibit 2-1). As the price of oil passed the $100 per barrel benchmark, the average price of a gallon of gasoline rose to $4. American consumers were, indeed, less willing and less able to buy. However, the crisis was not confined to the United States alone. Consumer-goods exporters in Asia, which Exhibit 2-1: The bursting of the global real estate bubble was only one aspect of the worst recession in decades. The ripple effects from the economic...
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...itself from the control of the market and of Soviet democracy.” Thesis statement The words of Leon Trotsky, said decades before the eventual demise of central planning, highlight the underlying flaw of the planned economic system; lack of information. The central planner’s realized that the information and signaling required for any modern economy could be found more effectively in a market based system and consequentially central planning was abandoned. The systemic failure of central planning due to poor information was most prevalent in Eastern Europe and the USSR, as evidenced by their economy’s productive inefficiencies, allocative inefficiencies and pricing difficulties. This essay will classify the traditional soviet economy and examine the production, allocation and pricing difficulties which caused its end. The Soviet Model Ericson describes the traditional soviet system as “one of centralized planning, implemented administratively through the issuing of direct commands and extensive, detailed coordinating instructions.” After World War II much of Eastern Europe had adopted the soviet system and had distanced themselves from the Western world, so much so that Winston Churchill had referred to their isolation as an living behind an” iron curtain.” A centrally planned economy relied on government...
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