...Depiction of women and relationship between men and women in Plautus's plays with particular refernce to Pot of Gold I. Overview of Aulularia (Pot of Gold) and main characters: Pot of Glod a translation of original latin play "Aulularia" by the early Roman playwright Titus Maccius Plautus (254-184 BCE). The title has been translated as The Pot of Gold, and the plot revolves around a literal pot of gold that the miserly protagonist, Euclio, guards zealously. The play’s ending does not survive, though there are indications of how the plot is resolved in later summaries and a few fragments of dialogue. Dramatis Personae referred to in the paper The Household God of Euclio, the Prologue. Euclio, an old gentleman of Athens. Staphyla, his old lady slave. Strobilus, slave of Lyconides. Lyconides, a young gentleman of Athens, Eunomia's son. Phaedria, Euclio's daughter. 2.Women depicted as subservient to men (as they were in reallife) in Roman Comedy 2. a. The puella is one dramatic stereotype of women in Plautine comedy. The puella is the object of the young lover’s affection and the slave’s efforts and whose marriage frequently provides the happy ending of the comedy. 2.a.(i) One sub-category of the puella is the "absent maiden" who is not seen on stage, offers an illuminating evidence about the status puella in comedy. Since she is totally under the domination of her father or guardian until she is handed over to her husband, she is seen in a positive...
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...Generally, all plays written by Aristophanes and Plautus comprise of comedy that is both timeless and of its own time - where the comedy tends to be more suitable and applicable to its time period rather than universally speaking. When thinking of comedy of its own time – it is evident how the comedic descriptions of women and more specifically married women and the way they are presented is common across all plays by both Aristophanes and Plautus. Married women are particularly criticised whose only job is to waste the money and resources of men whilst they sit and do nothing shown with Strepsiades in The Clouds where his wife robbed him of all his money – Strepsiades states how she is “wearing my resources”. This is corroborated by Plautus’s, The Swaggering Soldier with Periplectomenus who complains how wives make you miserable and waste your money endlessly spending money - “all that sort of expense that women cost”. Again, this concept of married women stealing men’s freedom and wealth is shown in The Brothers Menaechmus where Menaechmus explains how he has provided his wife with “servants, food, clothes, jewellery and “everything she could possibly need” yet she still constantly pesters him and is never satisfied. In a humorous light the playwrights display married women as an irritation to men’s life, who do nothing whilst men slave away only for women to spend their wealth – comedy which would be more of its own time rather than timeless. Similarly, women across the plays...
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...There are many negative opinions and beliefs when it comes to the topic of modern day comedy and what it has to offer to our society. Many of these opinions arise because of the impact we think certain shows or movies will have on our children. Parents view shows like "The League" or "Family Guy" as crude, offensive and a bad example of modern day life. The question you have to ask is if these shows are so offensive why are they so popular? Some argue it is because we can somehow relate to the characters in the shows, the problems that they face in everyday life and the social issues the shows speak about. Comedy has always been a tool in which authors, actors and film makers portray social situations in a way your average person can relate to them. Though it is true that many modern comedies can be considered crude to some, who says that they are offensive to all. No two people have the same political, religious or personal beliefs so it is impossible to make a show based on just one persons beliefs. This is why shows like "South Park" and "The Simpsons" have had so much success and have been around as long as they have. "South Park" has been called one of the crudest shows on television but they have never been afraid to speak about any and all topics. By taking on modern day social issues that most people know about and can relate to people are almost drawn in to see what the writers take on the issue will be, even if there is a vulgar undertone. The...
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...The mythological figure of Zeus/Jupiter has been given many different character traits, based mostly on the idealized views of certain human qualities. In Aeschylus’ Prometheus Bound and Plautus’ Amphitryon the god assumes two very different roles. In both works he also shows the various way that he exercises his power, and treats those whom he views as inferior to himself. In tragedy Zeus is typically shown in a more harsh and serious manner, while in comedy he seems to be a less tyrannical leader and more of a foolish and self absorbed one. Not to say that Zeus is fundamentally different in these separate types of work, but he most certainly takes a different stance upon his throne. In Prometheus Bound, Zeus is “betrayed” by Prometheus and as a result of his actions Prometheus is punished. In this tragic work Zeus is shown to be a very harsh leader. For example when Hephaestus tells Prometheus, “You'll cry out often, in sorrow, pain, regret it will do you no good. Zeus is not to be won over. He is harsh, as all those new to power are harsh” (Aesch. Prom. 36-38). Here Hephaestus is trying to explain to Prometheus that the punishment that he is to endure will be terrible and no matter how much he suffers and begs he will not convince Zeus to free him. This whole exchange shows that Zeus is not interested in the welfare of his fellow gods, but he cares more about the fact that he be view as a ruler with an iron fist. This most certainly shows Zeus in a tyrannical and abusive...
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...Comedy has evolved in many ways over the past two thousand years or so since the writings of Plautus and Aristophanes, and yet, there are many things that remain the same. When you look at modern comedy, such as the film "A Funny Thing Happened on the Way to the Forum," the connections between old Greek Comedy and the humor that exists today are very apparent. More specifically, when comparing the film to Plautus' Mostellaria one can see that the two contain many comedic and structural similarities. They both have similar plot ideas and the character structures are very alike as well, but what gives both stories the ability to contain so many similarities and still appeal to their intended audiences during vastly different time periods are how they alter the content of each joke to match the knowledge, values, and norms of the society in which they were written to entertain. The first signs of similarity between "A Funny Thing Happened on the Way to the Forum" and Mostellaria is the plot structure and the character personalities. All of the basic stock characters are easily identifiable in both stories. Both father characters are easily relatable to the "senex" stock character due to their overly lax character traits and how they both are fooled by a "servi" due to their son's ("adolescens'") mischievous actions. In addition to the similarities between the "senex" and "servi," the son in both stories confuses lust for love in the way they few a certain "meretrix" in the two...
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...writing tragedy comedy, historical and romance plays. Some of his plays included: a. Macbeth, King Lear, Dr. Faustus, and The Globe b. Tamburlain the Great and King of Persia c. Hamlet, Richard III, Much Ado About Nothing, and Romeo and Juliet d. None of the Above e. Both b and c 3. All are considered American realist playwrights except: a. August Wilson b. Tennessee Williams c. Eugene Ionesco d. Arthur Miller 4. Which of the following was NOT mentioned as non-realism: a) Expressionism. b) Symbolism. c) Theatre of cruelty. d) Pradaism. 5. The 3 Greek Tragedian playwrights’ discussed in Chapter 3 of Theatre are: a. Plautus, Terence, and Machiavelli b. Aristotle, Aristophanes, and Aeschylus c. Sophocles, Euripides, and Aeschylus d. Medea, Iphigenia, and Socrates d) e) Futurism. f) None of the above. 6. Which of the following is NOT a form of Japanese theatre: a) Kabuki. b) Xiqu. c) Bunraku. d) Noh theatre. 7. Cornerstone Theatre Company… a. Founded by two Harvard graduates in 1986 b. Adapt classical works c. Involves local community within their projects. d. All of the above. 8. Nora in Ibsen's A Doll's House… a. leaves her husband Sven for another man. b. gives her former lover a gun and then shoots herself. c. leaves her children and husband to go on a journey of...
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...and tails like goat Tragedy - a compound of two Geek words “tragos” or “goat” and (ode) “meaning “song” referring to goats sacrificed to Dionysus (god of wine and fertility ) --the most admired type of play in Greece thespis -- “father of tragedy “, firsyt actor who introduced the use of masks Aristophanes – wrote most of the comedy plays where derived from imitation *** lysitriata – humorous tale about a strong woman who led female coalition to end war in Greece **** Cyclops – an adventure comedy by Euripides Roman theater * Started in 3rd century bc * It had varied interesting art forms ,like festivals performance of street theater , acrobatics , the staging of comedies of Plautus and the high verbally elaborate tragedies of Seneca * Hellenization of roman culture in the 3rd century bc had an intense and energizing effect on roman theater and encouraged the development of latin literature . * Renaissance theater * Characterized by a return of classical Greeks and roman art culture * During middle ages mystery plays formed a part of a...
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...thoughts, opinions, and many more, not to mention subconscious processes, all happening at once, and not necessarily coherently. Often one must interact with a single person, and thus get his or her sole and undivided attention: the commanding officer from earlier, for instance, might have to reprimand a disobedient soldier, while the peaceful activist would be wise in collecting signatures in a petition for the cause. This even applies to the leader himself; the leader is also human, and must first “lead” and discipline himself by controlling his chaotic thoughts and organizing them, thus creating order. In any case, this is no small feat. Humans, left to their own devices, often slide towards disorder and chaos. As the Roman comedian Plautus once said, “A man to another man is a wolf”. This is true of civilizations as well. Once empires begin to stagnate, and are thus “left to their own devices”, they begin the inevitable slide to downfall; this happened with the Roman and Ottoman Empires, and countless others throughout history. This shows that humans are naturally inclined to disorder and barbarism. “Leadership” is simply creating order in chaos. However, this is no easy task, and thus leadership is rightfully a weighty and honored distinction. This task can be accomplished in many ways: Julius Caesar and subsequent Roman emperors used military might to back themselves up, while at the opposite end of the spectrum Gandhi and the Dalai Lama have used warmth and compassion...
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...Slavery in Ancient Rome Rome as far research show had always exploited slaves, however during the early Republic Rome saw its slave population multiply significantly from a series of wars and conquests. This paper will discuss the rights and responsibilities of Roman slaves during the Republican era and early empire. It will also analyze the impact slavery had on Rome’s economic situation as well the impact on roman society and culture. Rome did not always have such an abundance of slaves. It was not until they conquered Corinth and sacked Carthage did they amass a significant amount of slaves. Some authors estimate that the number of slaves reached 300 000-350 000 in a total population of 900 000- 950 000 in Rome during the Augustan era.[1] It is of course impossible to determine the exact amount of slaves during this time, but nevertheless this estimate of slaves is still one third of the population. The Punic Wars between Rome and Carthage mark the beginning of Rome’s “addiction” to slavery. After Rome had consolidated the main land of what is now Italy, this brought them into contact with much greater powers. The first Punic War (264-241 B.C) began when both Rome and Carthage took interest in Sicily.[2] Herodotus notes the significance of this first of many battles by comparing it to the battle of Salamis. He states, “They say too, that the victory of Gelo and Thero in Sicily over Hamilcar the Carthaginians tell out upon the very day that the Hellenes...
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...This is a 3-page paper on the role of Greek and Roman literature and the role it plays in today’s society. THE ROLE OF GREEK AND ROMAN LITERATURE Over the years, literature of ancient Greece and Rome has affected art, religion, philosophy, science and mathematics, medicine, drama, and poetry profoundly. It has served as a basic model for the development of later European literatures and, consequently, the writings of the historians, geographers, philosophers, scientists, and rhetoricians are read today as sources of historical information and enjoyment. Alfred Whitehead, the famous British philosopher-mathematician, once commented that: “[A]ll philosophy is but a footnote to Plato” (Comptons Encyclopedia). A similar point can be made regarding Greek literature as a whole. The Greek world of thought was far ranging and ideas discussed today have been previously debated by ancient writers. In fact, until recently, in Western culture, an acquaintance with classical Latin (as well as Greek) literature was basic to a liberal education. Roman literature such as epic and lyric poetry, rhetoric, history, comic drama and satire (the last genre being the only literary form that the Romans invented) serve as today’s backbone for a basic understanding of expression and artistic creativity, as well as history. Greek comedies such as those of Naevius and Andronicus, as well as historical writings in epic poems (First Punic War), tell the story of Rome and its conquests and served...
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...Why do Ferdinand and Miranda have to fall in love? It simply could not have been love at first sight. Yes, perhaps there is such a thing as love at first sight, but for Ferdinand and Miranda, there is much more to the story. Ferdinand and Miranda’s love for each other was born out of necessity; there are no other simple reasons for them falling in love. There is much reason to stipulate their love was born out of necessity. One such argument is since Prospero wants them to fall in love; they have to because he is in complete control of the island and controls the entire plot of the play. Another such reason for their marriage is that they are ideal characters for each other, all the other primary characters are corrupt, yet Ferdinand and Miranda being young and innocent are the ideal candidates for each other. As well I shall explore one commonality between two of Shakespeare’s plays. One final reason to support these views is of the very nature of this play, which is the nature of Shakespearian Comedy. All Shakespearian Comedies must end in a marriage, and this is no exception. Drawing on my first two arguments to support my third it is quite evident why Ferdinand and Miranda simply have to be. On the island Prospero wields complete power, over the forces of nature and even to some extent over the wills of others. What Prospero wants, Prospero gets. He accomplishes this through his magical powers and sorcery, and to a certain extent- his cunning. So how does...
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...Arellano University College of Arts and Sciences 2600 Legarda st. Sampaloc Manila Library Research Submitted to: Mrs. Acibo Submitted by: Dalia B. Sabucor I. Introduction II. Presentation of Data III. Conclusion IV. Insights Gained V. References I. Introduction Drama Throughout the middle ages, drama and theater only dealt with sacred subjects, such as biblical stories. Profane drama was either unheard of or only performed in burlesque. Classical dramatists were virtually unheard of in the middle ages. All the great dramatists of antiquity, such as the Greek playwrights Sophocles, Aeschylus, and Euripides, and the Roman comedy writers such as Plautus and Terence, were only discovered by humanists in the Renaissance. Although classical drama is more read and studied in the modern period than other classical literature, in the Renaissance it was a distinct last place to epic poetry, lyric poetry, and philosophy. So drama isn't well represented in Renaissance literature. The first dramatist to imitate classical models in Italy was Giangiorgio Trissino, who was a wealthy humanist with an encyclopedic knowledge. Among other things, he was famous as a Neoplatonic philosopher and poet. He, like many others, attempted to write an epic poem, L'Italia liberata dai Goti (Italy Liberated from the Goths) which, though it's a poem about Justinian's reconquest of Italy, is mainly an encyclopedia of...
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...Famous people and works Ancient Greek society placed considerable emphasis on literature and, according to many, the whole Western literary tradition began there, with the epic poems of Homer. In addition to the invention of the epic and lyric forms of poetry, though, the Greeks were also essentially responsible for the invention of drama, and they produced masterpieces of both tragedy and comedy that are still reckoned among the crowning achievements of drama to this day. Indeed, there is scarcely an idea discussed today that has not already been debated and embroidered on by the writers of ancient Greece. The epic poems attributed to Homer are usually considered the first extant work of Western literature, and they remain giants in the literary canon for their skillful and vivid depictions of war and peace, honor and disgrace, love and hatred. Hesiod was another very early Greek poet and his didactic poems give us a systematic account of Greek mythology, the creation myths and the gods, as well as an insight into the day-to-day lives of Greek farmers of the time. The fables of Aesop represent a separate genre of literature, unrelated to any other, and probably developed out of an oral tradition going back many centuries. Sappho and, later, Pindar, represent, in their different ways, the apotheosis of Greek lyric poetry. The earliest known Greek dramatist was Thespis, the winner of the first theatrical contest held at Athens in the 6th Century BCE. Choerilus, Pratinas...
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...Afleveringsopgaver til modul 1 – Jerusalem 1.1 Redegør for det religionsfaglige begreb ”helligsted” Et helligsted betragtes særligt biblen og ikke mindst kirker som helligdomme. I europa var en kirkes status som hellig oprindeligt stærkt forbundet med at den blev opført på et helligt sted som ofte var lig med at et mirakel eller martyrium angiveligt havde fundet sted på stedet, eller en hellig person var begravet i eller ved kirken. Giv en kort præsentation af de to helligsteder gravkirken og al-Aqsa-området Gravkirken – Gravkirken betragtes som et af de helligeste steder. Jesus grav. Der findes 14 stationer på ruten Via Dolorosa hvor fra Jesus bliver dømt til døden til stedet hvor Jesus blev lagt i graven. Gravkirken er den sidste station. Gravkirken er fælleseje af den græsk-ortodokse, katolske, syriske, koptiske, armenske og etiopiske kirke som deles og enes om dette hellige sted. Gravkirken er fra det 4. århundrede og kapellet i midten af kirken er bygget over Jesus grav i det 12. århundrede. Al-Aqsa - Al-Aqsa er Jerusalems største moske og blev bygget færdig i år 715. Den har været ødelagt flere gange af jordskælv og er genopbygget, så næsten ingenting af den oprindelige moske er tilbage. I området omkring Al-Aqsa er tilknyttet flere mindre helligdomme, et anlæg hvor de bedende kan foretage den rituelle renselse inden de træder ind i moskeen, der ligger også et stort underjordisk rum, som blev brugt som stalde. Der er også tilknyttet porte, fontæner, minareter...
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...necessary for salvation. Honor drove Achilleus, duty propelled Aeneas, and curiosity and fame drove Odysseus. The epic heroes focus on the worldly virtues, the same pleasures which Boethius talks about in the Consolation of Philosophy, but they lacked completion. The epic had a piece of happiness, but failed to grasp the whole. Even with temperance, the epic poet was missing something. In their works, the ancient poets seek the muses’ guidance. It is the Muses who guide the epic. Thus, because the epic cultivates temperance, the muses also represent that temperance. Consequently, when Virgil speaks about the muses and relates the litany of damned sinners nourished by the muses, it implies that temperance alone is not redemptive. [Cecilius, Plautus, Varius] Perseus, and I, and many more, / … are with that Greek / the Muses suckled more that any other, / in the first circle of the dark prison. / We often talk about that mountain where those who nursed us ever dwell. XXII.100-105 Every soul whom Virgil tells Statius is in hell was suckled by the muses and yet each is still damned, implying that a further step is needed. Thus, while the muses guided towards temperance, temperance alone failed to reach salvation. In Purgatorio XXII, Virgil reveals that Love transcends temperance’s limit. Statius possesses the love. And virgil defers to it. “Every word of yours / is to me a welcome token of your love.”26-27 Every word which Statius speaks contains love, a love which is both pure...
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