...Poland empires include the German and Russian/Soviet which overran the country during World War II. One major deficit Poland has is no natural boundary. To the north there is the Baltic Sea. In the Baltic Sea, Poland has three major seaports, Gdynia, Gdansk, and Szczecin. In the east, the border runs along the Bug River which separates the country from Belarus, Russia, and Ukraine. In the south, there are the tall Tatra Mountains to separate the country from Slovakia and Czech Republic. To the west was the Odra River which separates it from Germany. Another reason for Poland’s difference is its uniqueness in Europe. It’s the only Northwestern European non-Germanic country. There are other smaller countries like Finland, but they are too influenced by other big countries. On the other hand, Poland is large enough to be noticed, developed distinct cultural traits, and develop unique art, architecture, and personalities of the people residing in there. Poland is a relatively small country, nearly the same size as New Mexico, Unites States. During winter, Poland has cold temperatures, cloudy days and nights, as well as moderately severe winters. In the summer, the temperature is mild and the country has frequent showers and thunderstorms. It’s mainly flat plains which give a lot of living space and a mountainous south. The story of the struggles and endurance of this country began at approximately the tenth century. Poland’s recorded history began in the tenth century when...
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...Fighting Spirit of Poland War is not won by standing alone. The evil posed by Hitler required the forces of many great nation to oppose, including the British, the French, the Soviets, and the Americans. However, the contributions of the smaller nations to the Allied war effort largely go unremembered by the general public, especially the contributions of Poland and its Home Army. Mostly seen as a vicitm, rather than a contributor to the overall victory in Europe, Poland's surviving armies get very little mention, if at all within the context of the shallow military historians of today. The foreword to Micheal Peszke's The Polish Underground Army, by Piotr S. Wandycz states that “Poland’s contribution to the Allied war effort is often minimized or glossed over. . . And yet, in proportion to the size and population of their state, the Poles rendered great services in the war against the axis powers.” They helped to reconstruct the German Enigma machine ciphers and handed it over to the French and the British. In the September 1939 campaign, Polish soldiers inflicted heavy casualties on the Germans, who lost about 300 planes and 1000 tanks in their Blitzkrieg in Poland. Wandycz says that Peszke’s book can be viewed as a noble attempt to evaluate the military and strategic thinking of the Polish government in exile in Paris and London. Michael Alfred Peszke is no stranger to the field of Poland during World War II. This is his third book related to wartime Poland; his previous...
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...Wissenschaftszentrum Berlin für Sozialforschung ZCM Agnes Arndt / Dariusz Gawin Discourses on Civil Society in Poland Agnes Arndt: Premises and Paradoxes in the Development of the Civil Society Concept in Poland Dariusz Gawin: Civil Society Discourse in Poland in the 1970s and 1980s Discussion Paper Nr. SP IV 2008-402 ISSN 1860-4315 Wissenschaftszentrum Berlin für Sozialforschung gGmbH Social Science Research Center Berlin Reichpietschufer 50, 10785 Berlin Federal Republic of Germany Telefon: +49/30/25491-0 Telefax: +49/30/25491-684 E-Mail: wzb@wz-berlin.de Internet: http://www.wz-berlin.de Agnes Arndt ist Historikerin. Sie ist Promotionsstipendiatin der Gerda Henkel Stiftung am Berliner Kolleg für Vergleichende Geschichte Europas“ an der Freien Universität Berlin sowie Gastwissenschaftlerin der Forschungsgruppe „Zivilgesellschaft, Citizenship und politische Mobilisierung in Europa“. Agnes Arndt is Historian. She is PhD fellow at the “Berlin School for Comparative European History” at the Free University Berlin and associated research fellow of the research group “Civil Society, Citizenship and Political Mobilization in Europe". Dariusz Gawin ist Direktor am Museum des Warschauer Aufstands in Warschau. Dariusz Gawin is director at the Warsaw Rising Museum, Warsaw. Zitierweise: Agnes Arndt and Dariusz Gawin, 2008 Discourses on Civil Society in Poland Discussion Paper SP IV 2008-402 Wissenschaftszentrum Berlin für Sozialforschung (WZB) Agnes Arndt: Premisses and...
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...Republic of Poland Communication Styles Biznes Consulting report on the communication norms in Poland for a Canadian construction company contemplating entering the foreign industry. 2009 Biznes Consulting 12/1/2009 The Republic of Poland Communication Styles Biznes Consulting report on the communication norms in Poland for a Canadian construction company contemplating entering the foreign industry. 2009 Biznes Consulting 12/1/2009 Introduction Communication styles and business norms vary from country to country. When a company tries to globalize their business and break into a foreign market, the firm must take many precautions in order to adhere to the country’s many social and cultural rules. In order to succeed in any foreign industry, extensive research is required, possibly in the form of an ethnographic study. Biznes (Business) Consulting will give a presentation to the board of a Canadian construction company who is considering expansion into the Polish market. The report is designed to give the Canadian construction company a detailed assessment of the differing communication styles and business norms in Poland compared to those in the Canadian market. To begin this assessment of the Polish communication styles and examination of working norms, Biznes Consulting group will analyze how to conduct a business meeting in Poland. This...
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...market. The report is designed to give the Canadian construction company a detailed assessment of the differing communication styles and business norms in Poland compared to those in the Canadian market. To begin this assessment of the Polish communication styles and examination of working norms, Biznes Consulting group will analyze how to conduct a business meeting in Poland. This will include the basic “do’s and don’ts”, business etiquette, time frames and dress or attire. Next a complete external and internal analysis will be presented. A STEEP analysis will be studied and human resource management for Poland will be discussed in detail. Following the external and internal analyses, an interpretation of the cultural norms in Canada vs Poland will be examined in the form of a cultural comparison. The cultural comparison is significant in determining family closeness, trust issues, motivation behind employees, issues related to leadership, motivation, group work, organizational culture, communication preferences, and negotiation style. Moreover, the management styles in both Poland and Canada will be contrasted. With the given information, Biznes Consulting is positive that the Canadian construction company will have all the communicational tools required to enter the Polish market. How to conduct a business meeting in Poland...
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...The NeWer EntrantS Poland, Hungary & Romania The NeWer EntrantS Poland, Hungary & Romania As globalization of the market place continues, many companies that conduct within their nation’s boundaries will find it difficult to survive. Currently worldwide competition is influencing virtually every business in Canada, United States and other industrialized nations. One way to cope with this is to expand beyond a country’s own frontiers. Poland, Hungary and Romania are three countries that are very competitive in the skilled manual labour. This makes them a very attractive location for large corporations to outsource low, medium and sometimes even high levels of production. Multi-national firms can take advantage of cheap labour, high level of technical competence, and excellent infrastructure in these three nations. The Central Eastern European countries are part of the expanding Europe and the countries that fall within this area have opened up many opportunities for multi-national Firms. Many of these countries have recently joined the European Union and NATO have made formidable alliance and agreements that boost their investment opportunity value. History: Poland is a large country with a long and distinguished history. (Europe Global Studies, pg. 48) Poland's history as a state begins near the middle of the 10th century. By the mid-16th century, the Polish-Lithuanian Commonwealth ruled a vast tract of land in central and Eastern Europe. During the 18th century...
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...1 Poglish in England, the United States, and Poland By Frederic W. Widlak, Ph.D. Profesor Nadzwyczajny Department of Organizational and Managerial Psychology Wyższa Szkoła Biznesu--National-Louis University Nowy Sącz, Poland Paper presented at the March 4, 2015 Conference "Culture-Tradition-Language" at Zespół Szkół Ekonomicznych in Nowy Sącz, Poland Abstract Poglish is a dialect that results from combining language elements from Polish and English. It is most commonly heard among people whose first language is Polish, but encounter the need to use English for practical situations in an English-speaking country, or to describe things using English words in Poland because there is no easily translatable equivalent term in Polish. The Poglish examples in this presentation will include those personally experienced by the author when listening to Polish immigrants in Chicago, some accounts of this dialect currently used by Polish immigrants in England, and the incorporation of English words or modifications of English words into the Polish lexicon in Poland. The implications of the use of Poglish on Polish immigrant traditions and the culture of presentday Poland are discussed. Introduction “Poglish”, also called “Polglish” or “Ponglish”, combines the words “Polish” and “English” to indicate a mixing of Polish- and English-language elements within a single speech production. It often occurs where native Polish speakers living in an English-speaking country...
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...In early 1939 German dictator Adolf Hitler had become determine to invade and occupy Poland. Britain and Poland had a pact that if either country was attacked they would come to each other’s aid. On the 10th of May 1940 the Germans had invaded France and Britain quickly rounded up its troops for war. British forces had been overwhelmed in France and retreated back to Britain. By 1944 British and their allies were ready to strike back against the axis powers in Europe (World War II History History.com). In 1939 the Germany signed a nonaggressive pact with the USSR and on September 1 Germany invaded Poland. With German forces coming from the west and soviet forces coming from the east and Britain had no choice but to declare war. Within weeks of Poland’s invasion they no choice but to surrender to Germany and world war two had begun. (World War II History History.com). On the 10th may 1940 Winston Churchill relived Neville Chamberlain as prime minster the same day the axis powers invaded France. German armored units pushed through the Ardennes and then along the Somme valley to cut off and surround British and French units...
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...Australian Vintage LTD (AVG) The Australian industry The Australian wine industry is the 4th largest exporter in the world, exporting over 400 million litres a year to a large international export market that includes “old world” wine-producing countries such as France, Italy and Spain. There is also a significant domestic market for Australian wines, with Australians consuming over 400 million litres of wine per year. The wine industry is an important contributor to the Australian economy through production, employment, export and tourism. The Australian Wine export market was worth 2.8 billion Australian dollars in June 2007, and had a growth rate of 9%pa. Of this about AU$2 billion was accounted for by North America and the UK, and in this key latter market Australia is now the largest supplier of still wines. 2007 statistics for the North American market show that Australian wine accounted for a 17% share of the total value of U.S. imported wine, behind France with 31% and Italy with 28%. Australian Vintage Limited Australian Vintage Limited is a leading Australian wine company, known as McGuigan Simeon Wines until February 2008, when shareholders voted to change the name. Today Australian Vintage Limited is at the forefront of the Australian wine industry. Crushing 9% of total Australian annual production, its vineyards and grape supply capacity extend through some of Australian’s most captivating and diverse wine regions including the Hunter and Barossa Valleys...
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...of inhabitants of local communities in case of poverty and are to prevent exclusion. Social care includes activities such as analyses of the local environment, the economical status of community members and making decisions on financing or co-financing of help measures requested by individuals. The social care budget is also playing a role in financing health services for the unemployed (from the central budget) and the homeless/uninsured (from the local community budget). From the central social care budget money flows to the National Health Fund (NFZ), which is the central insurance institution in Poland, and is further disseminated among the 16 regions of Poland in which branches of NFZ are located. From the local community budget, moneys are paid directly to selected health care units. Due to the yet unfinished implementation of family medicine, primary health care in Poland consists of two dimensions or care models: the old Semashko model with its group out-patient units and the family medicine model. Nowadays both dimensions have equal representation in the health care system: First, part of primary health care – the remaining Semashko model – is organized based on out-patient units. Traditionally, these units consisted of different parts: general-internal medicine; pediatrics; surgery; OBGYN; district nursing care and in many cases dental care. Care in each of these parts was provided by specialists of each particular medical...
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...CHAPTER 3: BRIEF PROFILE OF POLAND Poland officially the Republic of Poland is a country in Central Europe, bordered by Germany to the west; the Czech Republic and Slovakia to the south; Ukraine, Belarus to the east; and the Baltic Sea and Kaliningrad Oblast (a Russian exclave) and Lithuania to the north. The total area of Poland is 312,679 square kilometer’s (120,726 sq. mi) making it the 69th largest country in the world and the 9th largest in Europe. With a population of over 38.5 million people, Poland is the 34th most populous country in the world, the sixth most populous member of the European Union, and the most populous post-communist member of the European Union. Poland is a unitary state divided into 16 administrative subdivisions. POLITICS * Poland is a democracy, with a president as a head of state, whose current constitution dates from 1997. Poland is one of the most stable and peaceful countries peaceful countries. The government structure centers on the Council of Ministers, led by a prime minister. * The Constitution of Poland is the supreme law in contemporary Poland, and the Polish legal system is based on the principle of civil rights, governed by the code of Civil Law. * Historically, the most famous Polish legal act is the Constitution of 3 May 1791. Historian Norman Davies describes it as the first of its kind in Europe. Foreign relations * In recent years, Poland has extended its responsibilities and position in European and international...
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...QUESTION 1: How was Poland able to avoid the worst effects of the economic crisis that gripped most of Europe during 2008–2009? Poland was able to avoid the worst effects of the economic crisis by being fiscally conservative keeping public debt in check, not allowing it to expand during the recession; joining the European Union, giving it easy access to the large consumer markets of Western Europe; and curbing inflation to ease Poland’s entry into the European Union. QUESTION 2: What lessons can be derived from the Polish experience during 2008–2009? The lessons that can be derived from the Polish experience during 2008-2009 include the fact that Poland was able to embrace change. The transition from communist rule to a democracy went smooth and they were able to successfully implement the market-based economic rule. Another lesson to be learned is the fact that Poland was able to keep public debt in check. Other countries allowed the public debt to expand during the recession, contributing to their economic downfall. QUESTION 3: From the perspective of international business, what is attractive about the Polish economy? What are the weaknesses and risks associated with doing business there? The polish economy is attractive because they know how to maintain the monetary policy; they have simplified tax laws, reduced tax rates, and attempted to remove bureaucratic hurdles. The latest Entrepreneurship Law makes it easier to start a business in Poland. On the other hand, it could...
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...Online banking in Poland Polish online banking services are amongst the most technologically advanced in Europe and rank very high in terms of security of payments. Although the wider banking sector reaches saturation, Polish e-banking still has a very rosy outlook for further growth as the younger generation will dominate the market in the future. The condition of Polish e-banking market In terms of market penetration of internet banking, Poland ranked 6th among 19 European countries surveyed. According to the report, 52.3% of Polish internet users visited online banking websites in 2012, which places Poland well above the European average of 39.9%, beating such developed countries like Germany, Norway, Belgium or Denmark. These calculations seem to find confirmation elsewhere: According to the June 25 “Netb@nk” report prepared by the Polish Bank Association (ZBP), 51% of adult Poles own an online bank account, while 66% of Poles have an access to it. On the other hand, the number of new e-banking contracts for individual clients has dropped in Q1 2013 for the first time in the history, the ZBP report states. “The growth rate of active clients has visibly decelerated, and the segments of small and medium enterprises have both recorded a drop in the overall number. These data indicate that the economic slowdown has finally hit the banking sector as well” – the report reads. The Q1 2013 overall number of individual clients with online bank account amounted to 20.5 mln...
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...1. A. What country ran the area after WWII? A: Russia occupied most of the countries in Eastern Europe after WWII. B. How do you think the two world wars affected the people of Poland? I think the two world wars affected Poland’s economy because of the war damage, and it lost many of its citizens. 2. A. How do the languages spoken in Poland and the Balkan republics affect the region’s history? The languages spoken there reflect on who ruled the country the most in the past. Polish is related to the languages of countries in the south, and Estonian is similar to Finnish. Latvia and Estonia, on the other hand, were under Swedish rule for a long time and because the Swedish are mostly Lutheran, most people in Latvia and Estonia are Lutheran as well. B. Why do you think people across the region practice many of the same customs? People across this region practice the same customs because they all are linked together from being under Soviet rule for so many years. 3. A. What is an industry that has grown in the region since the fall of the Soviet Union? One industry that has grown since the fall of the Soviet Union is tourism. The Americans have started visiting the countries that used to be under Soviet rule because they did not like to go there when it was under Soviet rule, because the Americans didn’t like the Soviets. B. How did Soviet rule hurt the region’s economy? Soviet rule hurt the region’s economy because the Soviets did not create a decent infrastructure...
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...Culture Essay Mallory McBlaine Sociology 121 I decided to interview Ola Krupinksa, a polish sixteen year old currently living in the United States. Ola was born in Poland but moved here at the age of five. Interview: 1.Your definition of culture? Answer: Beliefs, customs and arts of a particular society. 2.How do you define family? Answer: Family is people who you care about and would do anything for. 3. Who holds the most “status” in your family? Why? Answer: My dad; he is the main person that receives income. 4. How do you define success? Answer: Success is a moment where you have completed your goal. 5. Do you consider your parents to be successful? Answer: I believe they are extremely successful because they came here from Poland and started fresh and created several of their own company’s. 6. How important is education in your family? Answer: Education is very important. My mom is constantly checking my grades and if my homework is completed. 7. Is punctuality important to you? Why or why not? Answer: Yes because I believe if you are early you are on time, and if you are on time you are late, and if you are late you are dead. 8. What is the most important meal of the day? Answer: Dinner is the most important meal because it is spent with family. I spend at least five nights a week with my family for dinner. 9. Do you eat foods that are indigenous to your culture? Why or why not? If yes, name some. Answer: Yes because it is important to my...
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