...2011 Organizational Theories James Q. Wilson, an American criminologist, identified the primary functions of police departments as law enforcement, order maintenance, and service delivery (Liederbach & Travis, III, 2008). In 1968, he observed patterns of discretionary behavior in eight police departments (Police: Organization and Management - Variation in Style and Structure, 2011). From these observations he concluded that police organizations, depending on their approach to these functions, could be categorized into three basic styles of policing. These operational styles are the Watchman, the Legalistic, and the Service styles. The Watchman style is based primarily on the use of uniformed police patrol (Grant & Terry, 2008). Wilson noted that the patrolman’s role was defined more by his responsibility for maintaining order than by his responsibility for enforcing the law (Wilson, 1978). This style of policing includes a considerable use of police discretion. There are few policies and procedures, therefore allowing for an individual approach by officers towards problems. This form of policing is less pro-active than other forms, and as a result, officers are distanced from the people in the community. The Legalistic style of policing emphasizes the importance of law enforcement and maintaining clear and impartial legal standards for both the police and the public alike (Grant & Terry, 2008). In this form of policing, there is a high level of commitment to...
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...228-234 Police Corruption in India ____________________________________________________________________ Ravikanth B. Lamani1 G. S. Venumadhava2 Abstract Police as a Law enforcing agency is an important institution of that social control which existed in some form or the other in all society in all ages. Police is an integral part of the present day society. A society in the present set up cannot live and progress without an effective, sincere and honest police force. The Indian police have its roots in the ancient period and the present day police are the outcome of an evolutionary process. The bad things which it has inherited from the old system include corruption among policemen today. Corruption exists in one form or the other in the police system. Corruption has infected every sphere of modern life. It has vitiated the moral values of the society and the police force cannot be an exception. In fact, corruption of police is not a new phenomenon, but the irony is that the issue has seldom been seized by the organization with a sense of seriousness. In this paper an attempt has been made to discuss the various aspects of police corruption in India. The author has tried to discuss the various factors responsible for police corruption and suggest some remedies to control the corruption among policemen. The main objective of the paper is to discuss the extent, causes and remedies of police corruption and explain the extent of distrust that create against police due to...
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...The role of police leaders in preventing and addressing problems of a patrol officer ethics. Ethical issues in criminal justice have been dealt with on a good level. For example, a number of codes have been established to produce acceptable conduct, and those who dedicate their lives to these occupations are expected to operate under the letter of the law without expressing bias or personal views during work hours and in their personal lives. The standard code of ethics that law enforcement personnel and public servants are asked to uphold can often be translated subjectively by individuals, resulting in the possibility of ethically questionable conduct. Ethical issues regarding brutality, corruption and off-duty behavior have become an increasing challenge in criminal justice. On off hours, politicians, officers are human beings. However, under the code of ethics, they should be setting an example for the common citizen (Writing,...
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...more than that. A leader can be the CEO of an organization or a first year employee who leads his or her team to success behind the scenes. A leader might lead through official authority and power, yet just as often great leaders lead through inspiration, persuasion, and personal connections. So what is leadership? Leadership is the art of leading others to deliberately create a result that wouldn’t have happened otherwise. The assumption is that because he or she has the ability to display these characteristics, others will automatically follow their direction. However, to me, leadership is more than just about getting others to follow your lead. The purpose of this analysis is to understand the role of leadership and the purpose of a leader. A leader has many roles that will be identify in this paper. True leadership must begin with a strong sense of self. Leaders must be able to lead themselves first before they can expect to effectively lead others. This is important, because the challenges of leadership are huge! The tests that leaders face often reach to the very core of who they are. If as individuals, leaders do not have a profound sense of their values and what they mean, they will have nothing to anchor themselves to, when the storm clouds gather. A leader that is anchored to their values will know how to use them to make the right decisions in both the good and the bad times. In this paper I will first show how the...
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...service. Such a service promotes, through the political leadership, an enabling environment for the social, political and economic development of the country. Therefore, the prevailing weaknesses in the institutions and economies of the African countries, as is the case for other developing countries, are to a significant extent a reflection of the weaknesses in their civil service institutions. Therefore civil service refers to branch of government in which all officials are employed (hired) on the basis of professional merits as proven by competitive examinations or the body of employee in any government agency other than security forces especially military and police forces. Twenty years ago writing a book on Civil Service was a comparatively easy task. The service had remained largely unchanged for almost a century, acquiring new tasks and departments a rearrangement here and there but in the main historians of civil service could stand on the shoulders of their predecessors. Originality in analyzing the civil service a generation ago comes through applying a different theory to explain the largely immobile object. All that has changed, during the late 1980s and early 1990s the civil Service was rapidly and radically transformed. It edifice has been altered from a straightforward hierarchical line structure to a complex form with a core of policy-making civil servants in Whitehall surrounded by a periphery of policy executive agencies. Even at the time of writing the status...
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...ingredient of social, political, and economic progress. Many lawyers and magistrates had been trying to contribute to that effect especially those who are public servants. One of these administrators of justice is Sir Robert Peel who had contributed much for the benefit of the society through his famous position on policing to the diverse needs of the modern society. Sir Robert Peel was born last February 5, 1788 at the place called the Chamber Hall near Bury in Lancashire (Bloy, 2008, p. 1). He served twice as a Prime Minister in his country England and had parliamentary career until he died in the year 1850 (Bloy, 2008, p. 1). The family of Sir Robert Peel entered weaving and farming as livelihood in his early years and later moved into textile manufacture business that made them wealthy. There are nine (9) pointers for the position of Sir Robert Peel in policing that made his ideas last until this time. First, the primary mission of the police is the prevention of crime and disorder. There is no other purpose for the establishment of the police in the society but to prevent crimes. Second, police ability to perform their duties depends upon the approval of the public in police actions. The public plays a big role in providing the police an atmosphere to perform their functions well. The members of the community must approve the way police officers handles and deals with crime prevention and maintenance of peace and order. Third, it is the responsibility of the police to demand...
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...- Many people conform to social norms in order to feel accepted in the society they live in. ✓ Compliance - This is acting in accordance with something that is requested or following rules etc. Compliance is normally passed down the ranks in the public services Factors which influence conformity People tend to conform more if they have a low self esteem or they feel they need to be socially accepted. A single person is also more likely to conform to feel part of a group of people than two or more people. The strength of the influence as well as the immediacy and the number of sources of influences are also factors of conformity according to THE SOCIAL IMPACT THEORY. Conformity= Compliance with common practices Compliance means doing what other people in our social standing do in our daily lives. Most people, in most social groups, conform in everyday things like speech, dress codes, eating habits etc. This kind of conformity is known as " social control"- the numerous pressures as individuals grow turns them from babies into members of our society. The main agencies of social control are the family, the peer group, the media, religion, employment and the law. All of these encourage conformity of one kind or another. The conformity types of behaviour are called " Social norms" : . age groups . colleges and classes in colleges . people of same social economic background .women, men . ethnic groups The Role of self-esteem in conformity: ...
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...345 Columbia College 19 December 2014 Table of Contents 1. Police Role – (Chapter 5 – The Police Role in Society) Article: Richard Goerling, “The Role of Mindfulness Training in Policing a Democratic Society,” Officer Safety Corner, The Police Chief 81 (April 2014): 10–11 Web Sites: Community Policing: A Model for Today's Society. (2004, May 4). Retrieved December 10, 2014, from http://www.policeone.com/community-policing/articles/86020-Community-Policing-A-Model-for-Todays-Society/ Role of police in society. (n.d.). Retrieved December 10, 2014, from http://www.activistrights.org.au/handbook/ch01s06.php BENZIGER, J. (2010, November 1). The Role of Police in Democracy. Retrieved December 10, 2014, from http://www.dynamicyouth.org/index.php?option=com_content&id=1583:the-role-of-police-in-democracy&Itemid=85 2. Corruption – (Chapter 7 – Police Corruption and Responses) Article: Griffith, D. (2003, October 1). Corruption: Cracking Down on Bad Cops. Retrieved December 10, 2014, from http://www.policemag.com/channel/patrol/articles/2003/10/corruption-cracking-down-on-bad-cops.aspx Web Sites: Statistics. (n.d.). Retrieved December 10, 2014, from http://www.policemisconduct.net/statistics/ Police Corruption and Misconduct. (n.d.). Retrieved December 10, 2014, from http://legal-dictionary.thefreedictionary.com/PoliceCorruptionandMisconduct White, S. (1999, July 4). Controlling Police Corruption. Retrieved December 10, 2014, from https://web.stanford...
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...Gucci really trying to say when they position women like that? It definitely makes a point of male dominancy and literally puts women down. Stereotypes have existed since the beginning of human kind and can be observed in every place where people interact with one another. Feminist movements have argued since the nineteenth century that stereotyping of gender roles is rampant in many aspects of our everyday world. The long term male dominance over women has been a main focal point in our society. Our world is focused on the fact that sex sells and advertisements sometimes use that to get the product noticed. Even some companies try to make advertisements more popular by putting a girl half naked on the cover. Advertisements can gender stereotype by exploiting women’s bodies, demining women’s intelligence and portraying women in roles that they are “supposed to carry out.” Everyone in the world was made differently for a reason, so why is our society trying so hard to make people think we should all be perfect? Not everyone is going to look like a model and there is nothing wrong with that. Jean Kilbourne a social theorist says that, “While an average American sees three thousand advertisements per day they are subjected to seeing the image of a beautiful, thin, long legged, model.” Making women believe they should all look like that model. All types of advertising are used, such as billboards and magazines for beer or car advertisements, and a...
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...POLICE AND CRIME PREVENTION IN NIGERIA Akintunde Kabir Otubu ~ Sunday A. Coker Introduction The importance of law and order to orderly development and growth of a society, both in the physical and economic sence, cannot be over emphasized. It is only a mind that is secured and at peace that can rationally address the issues of procreation, economic development and societal growth. A disturbed mind is a restless and distraught personality. It is therefore imperative to have peace and order in the society to assure its growth and development. The role of law enforcement in the maintenance of peace and order in the society is a foregone conclusion. Every man by nature is selfish and self-centred;1 in most case he needs the presence of the state institution of law enforcement to be able to act right and just. Studies in anthropology and law show that however one goes back into the history of a people, one would find regulatory rules of conduct and mechanisms for enforcing these rules. The evolution of these mechanism has taken different shapes in different settings, depending on the political, social and economic stages of development of the people concerned.2 Thus irrespective of the people, state or nation concerned, the presence of law enforcement agencies in the body polity of the state is a sine qua non for safety of lifes and properties in a state. The place of the police in the scheme of things with respect to law enforcement cannot be over emphasized. Along sides, and...
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...without even considering their selves. What I hate about it was giving too much, I think it's enough to tell you child how you love him every day, but not giving "all", specifically, material things. I think it's not fair. Be equal to your son and to yourself. A Little Incident • The theme of the story for me is that kindness lies in everyone’s heart. it’s just a matter of waking it up. This story is a light read but contains a lot of message not only about grace but as well as the truth in the social status of the people within a nation. Nice job and two thumbs up for Lu Xun. My Lord, the Baby The main character here is named Raicharan. He was only 12 years old when he became a servant. His Master made him a private servant to his Son. He took good care of him, until the time that the little Master Anukul grew up and got married. When Anukul had a son of his own. Anukul still made Raicharan his Son’s private servant. But fate got in the way, the little Master disappeared when Raicharan was taking him for a stroll. No one knows whether the Baby was taken by a group of Gypsies who were hovering nearby or He drowned in the river. Anukul’s wife got so distressed and furious that there is no reasoning with her. They made Raicharan go back to his Village. There he learned that his wife just gave birth to a Baby Boy but she died immediately. At first Raicharan didn’t want to accept his Son because he...
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...Officers of the Law: Probation and Parole Probation and Parole Officers are both officers of the law who play a vital role in the Criminal Justice System. While at first glance they seem to do the same thing in their work environment, they have many differences in the tasks they carry out of from day to day. Both are there to supervise offenders, make decisions to guide their lives, and help them to become productive members of society. Probation officers work directly for the court, whereas parole officers work for the parole boards. Both types of officers must have a bachelors degree in Criminal Justice or in Social Science to get a job in this field. Candidates must have strong physical and emotional stability before being hired in these positions. Before being certified both types of officers must take and pass a physical and psychological test as well as written exams. Both probation and parole officers carry out the law and enforce sentences and requirements that are given but each fulfills different needs of the Criminal Justice System and have specific jobs that set them apart. Both Probation and Parole Officers work with people who have a criminal history or those who have been convicted of a crime. Both work with those who have been found guilty in a court of law, or who have been convicted of a crime one or more times. They do searches of the offender’s house, car or person, and do random drug testing of the offender. They also try to come up with a plan to help...
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... Turkish Journal of Police Studies Vol: 9 (1-4) A COMPARATIVE STUDY OF THE POLICE TRAINING IN THE UNITED KINGDOM, THE UNITED STATES AND TURKEY ngiltere, Amerika Birleşik Devletleri ve Türkiye’deki Polis Eğitimlerine Karşılaştırmalı Bir Bakış Cemil DOĞUTAŞ* Osman DOLU ** Serdar Kenan GÜL*** Özet olis eğitimi konusunda dünyada farklı ülkeler süre ve içerik yönüyle farklı yöntemler uygulamaktadırlar. Türkiye’deki geleneksel teori ağırlıklı ve uzun süreli olan polis eğitimine karşın ngiltere ve Amerika Birleşik Devletleri’nde polis eğitiminin daha kısa ve uygulama merkezli olduğu göze çarpmaktadır. Bu nedenle de bu ülkelerdeki polislik anlayışı ve polisiye uygulamalar da farklılık arz etmektedir. Bu çalışma ngiltere, ABD ve Türkiye’deki polis eğitim sistemlerini karşılaştırmalı olarak analiz edecek, güçlü ve zayıf yönlerini inceleyerek benzer ve farklı yanlarını ortaya koyacaktır. Sonuç olarak bu çalışma, söz konusu ülkelerdeki en iyi uygulamalar ışığında daha iyi bir polis eğitiminin nasıl olması gerektiği konusunda öneriler getirecektir. Anahtar Kelimeler: Polis Eğitimi, Teorik Eğitim, Uygulamalı Eğitim, Müfredat. Abstract here are different practices in police training in different parts of the world in terms of their content and length. Police training in the United Kingdom and the United States are relatively short and practice-oriented compared to the long and theory-oriented training tradition in Turkey. Therefore, policing philosophy and police practices in these countries...
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...Head: POLICE COMMUNITY RELATIONS A Look into the Importance of Police Community Relations In 2002 the public’s trust in police was at an all-time high at around 70%, by 2010 that number dropped to 57% (Jones, Nurses Top Honesty and Ethics List for 11th Year, 2010). The number can fluctuate going even lower if one looks at individual states’ trust in their police. Police relations is defined as relations between police and ethnic and racial minorities (Walker & Katz, The Police in America ,An Introduction 6th edition, 2007), however, that is extremely limiting in its reach. It is not only minorities that the police come into contact with, yet the focus has always been on how to better police relations with racial and ethnic minorities. There are many questions that arise from the public’s trust or lack of trust in police, such as how did perception of police start to falter, how important is the public trust and support to police and what can be done to bolster the public’s perception and support? Police officers in countries around the globe acknowledge that public perception and trust is crucial in order for law enforcement to be affective. One of the key issues to public perception of police is transparency. Initial studies into the transparency of police are not promising. This is why the creation of civilian complaint boards arose. Civil complaint boards are independent agencies, with subpoena power that handle complaints about different types of police misconduct...
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...Community policing is, in essence, a collaboration between the police and the community that identifies and solves community problems. With the police no longer the sole guardians of law and order, all members of the community become active allies in the effort to enhance the safety and quality of neighborhoods. Community policing has far-reaching implications. The expanded outlook on crime control and prevention, the new emphasis on making community members active participants in the process of problem solving, and the patrol officers’ pivotal role in community policing require profound changes within the police organization. The neighborhood patrol officer, backed by the police organization, helps community members mobilize support and resources to solve problems and enhance their quality of life. Community members voice their concerns, contribute advice, and take action to address these concerns. Creating a constructive partnership will require the energy, creativity, understanding, and patience of all involved (Bureau of Justice Assistance, 1994). Reinvigorating communities is essential if we are to deter crime and create more vital neighborhoods. In some communities, it will take time to break down barriers of apathy and mistrust so that meaningful partnerships can be forged. Trust is the value that underlies and links the components of community partnership and problem solving. A foundation of trust will allow police to form close relationships with the community that will produce...
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