...streets are bombarded with political campaigning. One only has to turn on the television to view a collection of political commercials involving one candidate bashing the other. Campaigning has always been, and will continue to be a very expensive and laborious process. While I do agree with the concept of campaigning, I strongly disagree with the use of millions of dollars for campaigning that could have been used to better our society. Running a winning campaign in today’s society is accomplished by sufficient funding, maintaining positive public perception and retaining a system of committed organizers. Obtaining sufficient funding during a political campaign is vital to its success. The process starts for each candidate after the end of the previous election. Funding can come from many sources. These include, but are not limited to fundraising, corporate sponsors, interest groups, political action committees (PACs), and Super PACs (Sabato 304). The amount of money acquired from each of these sources varies from hundreds of dollars to millions (“The Power of Money”). PACs have limited fundraising power, but can give money directly to political campaigns. Super PACs have fewer...
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...Pickett Corporate Contributions to Political Campaigns Craig Allen SOC 120 Introduction to Ethics and Social Responsibility January 7, 2013 The recent election has got the blood boiling of many voters. Corporate contributions have become a major problem in the United States and affected and have affected many elections. I would like to discuss how money and greed can affect the decision of any candidate and cause them to betray their own personal beliefs and cause the betrayal to the people that they represent. I will also look at the issue using classical ethical and contemporary ethical theories, as well as looking at the issue through the view of utilitarianism. Any corporation should not be able make any contribution towards a campaign because then their ideas could become the candidates ideas even if a candidates is strongly against a subject that the corporation supports. We are going to look at the issue from the point of view of utilitarianism. Utilitarianism is a classical form of ethics that I will use to look at this issue. First off utilitarianism is described in our text book as a natural way to see if an act is the right thing to do or the wrong thing to do is to look at the consequences or the results of that action. (Mosser 2010) Looking at corporate contributions and seeing the type of candidates that the American people are being offered I believe that the corporations should not be allowed to contribute to a campaign. I do not see a problem, however...
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...Functions of political marketing are pre-requisites for successful political marketing management. The following 8 genreic functions are needed for successful political marketing. 1.Product function: In political practice,there should be an exchange between political parites and electorate in the electoral market. Like mainstream marketing each political party has to offer some product which they wanted to sell in the market place. E.g Good governace , or Obama’s change slogan. 2.Distribution function : It referes to the availability of exchange offer i.e Political product to the exchange partner i.e., electorate. 3. Cost function : In political marketing, cost function refers to the management of attitudinal and behavioural barriers of voters through calculated campaign strategies. The voter should receive all the information regarding the product without spending money for it. 4.Communication Function: Communication involves the function of informing the primary exchange partner of the offer and its availability. It is often seen as the heart of political marketing. For a political party, it implies, providing political content, political ideas and future and sense making of a complex political world programs but also aiding the interpretation Often the communication function involves simplification of political messages, concise political stand etc. The communication function interacts with the campaign delivery aspects of the distribution function-the latter provides...
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...Defining Marketing In this paper, the author’s personal definition of marketing as well three definitions from different sources are provided. The author also explains the importance of marketing in organizational success. Lastly, the author provides three examples from the business world to support her explanation. “Marketing is the performance of activities that seek to accomplish an organization’s objectives by anticipating customer or client needs and directing a flow of need-satisfying goods and services from producer to customer or client”(Perreault, Cannon, McCarthy, page 6, 2011). Marketing is about identifying and meeting human and social needs. One of the shortest good definitions of marketing is “meeting needs profitably” (Kotler ,& Keller, page 5, 2012). In 2008 AMA's definition of marketing was: “Marketing is the activity, set of institutions and processes for creating, communicating, delivering and exchanging offerings that have value for customers, clients, partners and society at large.” The author's definition of marketing after reading the learning material is that marketing is an ongoing communication exchange not only with costumers or buyers of products and services, but also look for receptors that need to buy specific ideas. Marketing includes diverse activities for businesses that help them to identify customers for their products and services. Marketing targets potential clienteles with advertising by creating in a way a new need for their products...
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...campaigning to gеt thе votеs nееdеd to win thе statе. A campaign in itsеlf is not nеcеssary to influеncе thе public's dеcision. Thе focus is not whеthеr thе campaign has thе influеntial powеr to changе pеoplе's opinion, but thе focus is on thе actual individual who is voting. Thе individual has thе powеr to choosе whеthеr to lеt thе campaign influеncе his or hеr opinion or to makе thе dеcision bеforе thе campaign. Thеrе arе both casеs whеn thе individual makеs a dеcision for prеsidеnt bеforе thе campaign starts and whеn thе individual makеs a dеcision for prеsidеnt bеcausе of thе influеncе of thе campaign. Campaigns do mattеr in a dеmocratic sociеty and thеy arе important to a cеrtain еxtеnt for thosе who actually follow thе campaigns, but thеy arе not as important for еvеryonе. Not anyonе can just run for prеsidеnt. Thеrе arе cеrtain qualifications that a pеrson must havе to bеcomе prеsidеnt. Hе or shе must provе thе nation that hе or shе is ablе to lеad a nation. Thе, "qualitiеs of thе candidatе arе еxtrеmеly important influеncеs on how pеoplе votе" (Fiorina and Pеtеrson 302). Campaigns arе a way to provе onе's qualifications. Campaigns arе important to a dеmocratic sociеty bеcausе thеy providе information for thе nation about thе candidatе. Robеrt Dolе is an еxamplе of how campaigns show onе's qualifications. Duе to Dolе's uninspirеd campaign, hе was viеwеd as a horriblе candidatе. In 1994, Dolе was viеwеd as a strong political figurе. Hе did not changе two yеars latеr and didn't...
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...medias are representing is the overall opinion of the American politician and American politics in general. The book, America – A Citizen’s Guide to Democracy Inaction (chapter 6), is deeper in the “theoretical” aspect than the other two. But you should not be fooled by the word theoretical. The book does describe the American politics and the politicians, but it is in a very informal and sarcastic approach. The sixth chapter describes campaigns and elections and therefore also how the American politician acts. It tells basic facts about American politics but with a twist of a subjective and sarcastically opinion. As an example “Initially, the process of conducting campaigns and holding elections was conceived as a means to an end – the peaceful transfer of power.”. Later on in the same passage “Today, running for office takes as much, if not more, time, energy and resources as holding it.”. “As you can see the start was pure facts and neutral writing while the end was subjective and sarcastic. In a political aspect the size of these campaigns are unnecessary, but it ensures that the person who most want to be president gets elected. It is a sarcastic way to make fun of the politicians and their job....
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...Advertising at effective tool in of Political engagement and mobilization? There are assault ads, conveying the simple message over and over, that Brand X, the rival, is a cheesy piece of goods, won’t hold up, has to be cranked by hand… This is the model for not just our commercial product sales but, rather more vigorously, for our political campaigns as well… we have gradually just gotten used to them. Its not so much that I am wonderful the candidate explains, as the opponent is a lying, cowardly, two faced cheat and con artist. (Pulitzer Prize winner and Washington Post columnist Meg Greenfield, 1995) Whether through print or television media, advertising affects behaviour. A key tool of political parties, it has been used to win support during critical governmental assessment or change, and engage the susceptible electorate to participate in the political process. Yet, where features such as wit, charisma or aptitude have been emphasized and admired, the intemperance of political campaigning has also drawn out a negative side, one that seeks to cast a damaging shadow on any opposition in order to attain the support of the majority. The types of political message given out by both politicians and the media vary in how they are constructed and what they intend to achieve, and despite widespread criticism surrounding its ethical fragilities, attack politics in particular have become a fundamental component of any political campaign and evidence has shown the electorate...
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...Political advertising – a brief survey The empirical political advertising literature is limited. Most authors refer to Rothschild’s seminal (1978) article, which is both a review and a report on his tests of an involvement model. The level of involvement of voters in a particular election could depend on a wide range of factors, but Rothschild offers three general ones: 1. the level of the election (national/local etc.); 2. the closeness of the race; and 3. the volatility of the issues or candidates. There is some more recent work examining voter recall of political messages. Faber and Storey (1984), note voter responses to different messages and presentations (see, for example, Thorson et al., 1991), in particular negative ones (Faber et al., 1993; Garramone, 1984; Tinkham and Weaver-Lariscy, 1994). These studies used subjects in experimental groups rather than actual electoral or opinion poll data. More recently Ansolabehere and Iyengar (1995) have substantially added to the literature on negative advertising through the use of a very rounded and full quantitative and qualitative study which shows that a highly focused negative campaign can increase the turnout of those potential supporters predisposed to abstain by something in the order of approximately 29 per cent, thus maximising your supporters’ vote. Weaver-Lariscy and Tinkham (1987) investigated how Congressional election candidates evaluated different media and proposed six levels of response to political...
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...advancing. Early political campaing was different from those in the modern era, becasuse the modern era utilisez technology that allows braoder audience, dilvering message speed, process of campaigning. In today’s era the 21st century political campaign is still the same, however the technology is different polical candidates utilizes these technology to get their message spread and of course get the vote and win the seat for presidency. The 21st century technology benefits the candidate because the media is fast and it can reach a braoder audience in a a click of buttons people can use facebook, twitter and read blogs about a specific candidate. The 2008 candidate barack Obama “lead in using technology to connect to his audience, as well as his overall lead in mindshare in the blogosphere as a whole.” Obama campaign gained more a lot more attration than the mcain campaing. On Twitter, Obama gained 2865 new followers between the 3rd and 4th (for a total of 118,107), while John McCain's Twitter account only has a paltry 4942 followers in total. The point is candidates utilizing the media has rapidly acquired a pice of tool that the candidate who which to race for presisdency can utilize the media has to offer them. The inventions of the automobile change the world of transporation, because transportation is so convenient going place from a to b in a short distance. Politacal candidate needed to go to state to state to speak and addrees and promote their campaign. Today’s era...
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...health media campaigns. Nevertheless, as public health more and more focuses on non-transmissible disease prevention, negative advertising could be more extensively used. This analysis takes into consideration, a descriptive case from tobacco control. Taking into account internal tobacco industry documents, surveys and tentative data and taking into consideration socio-political reasons, it is described tobacco industry and public health research on the American Legacy Foundation’s ‘‘truth’’ campaign, a key example of effective use of negative advertising in the service of public health. The tobacco industry described that the most effective advertisements run by Legacy Foundations “truth’’ campaign have been negative advertisements. Though the tobacco industry’s own study suggested that these negative ads acknowledged and effectively branded the cigarette as a harmful consumer product rather than focusing only on tobacco companies, some people accused Legacy of defaming it. Public health researchers have confirmed the effectiveness of the ‘‘truth’’ campaign in reducing smoking initiation. Research on political advocacy indicating the value of negative advertising has been only used rarely in the development of public health media campaigns, but negative advertising can easily communicate certain public health messages and assist to resist corporate disease promotion. Negative advertisements created by ‘‘truth’’ were one of the most notable features of the campaign. One advertisement...
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...2012 U.S. Presidential Electoral Performance Review In Barack Obama’s passionate acceptance speech for president on Nov 5th, the fierce political campaigns between him and Mitt Romney came to an end. From making speeches through television to shaking hands with potential voters, from preparing debate questions to interacting with journalists, both the incumbent president from the Democratic Party and the nominee from the Republican Party have made great efforts to present themselves as the potential president for audiences. This essay will analyze their political performances by looking at the actor(s) in this campaign, collective representation, means of symbolic production, mise en scene, social power and the role of audiences and media based on Alexander’s work on cultural pragmatics. Their performances (especially Republican candidate Mitt Romney’s performances) between the first presidential political debate on Oct 2nd and the “Big Day” on Nov 5th will be reviewed. Undoubtedly, the actors in this political campaign are Democratic Party candidate Obama and Republican Party candidate Romney. Barack Obama as an incumbent president who won the 2008 election with his slogan called “Changes we can believe in”, however, he only faces “things can be worse” by now. For him, in all the three debates, he always tried to demonstrate that he had made great efforts in the past four years, his efforts can sustain in his second term and things will get better but they also take time...
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...and its affect on a political campaign, whether national, state, or local, proves that it is a case by case basis, usually having more emphasis in larger district-wide campaigns, like the Scott DesJarlais and Grant Starrett campaign for United States Congress in the 4th District of Tennessee. Then aspects of more localized elections were explored with former Nashville Mayor’s Phil Bredesen and Karl Dean, and current Mayor Megan Barry. In all three of their instances, their lack of residency did not hinder their success in being elected. Phil Bredesen was the only candidate who seemed to struggle before securing the nomination and election due to his northern roots. The case for Al Gore and failing...
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...read email, snoop on private social network conversations, observe phone call records, and track the physical locations of citizens not charged nor suspected of any crime, without so much as a warrant. Worse, the demographic most affected this level of snooping on our digital lives, the 18-24 year-old college crowd, is the least knowledgeable and most politically apathetic about the issue. This is a recipe for disaster, and this proposal seeks funding for an awareness campaign that will address it. This campaign will raise awareness about mass surveillance and the Snowden disclosures. We will use posters and flyers to dry attention to the issue. We will use the University of New Mexico as a testing ground, using before and after surveys to gauge effectiveness. If the campaign proves successful, we will recruit volunteers and raise a second round of funding to bring the campaign to college campuses across the nation. Team Underachievers would be at the forefront of both campaigns, personally executing the trial campaign and overseeing the potential national one. After the acceptance of this proposal, we will immediately begin designing our materials and sourcing the cheapest places to mass produce them. We look forward to discussing our proposal in depth and answering any questions or concerns...
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...wasj.2013.28.11.13813 The Neutrality of Sinar Harian Newspaper in Malaysian Politics Wan Rohila Ganti bt Wan Abdul Ghapar, Nurul Saadatun Nadiah Mohd Ngah and Ilyas Abdullah Faculty of Administrative Science and Public Policy Universiti Teknologi MARA (UiTM), 23000 Dungun, Terengganu, Malaysia Abstract: This article examines the neutrality of Sinar Harian, a Malay daily, which claims to be neutral and without favour, from 20 April 2013 to 5 May 2013, 15-day campaign period of Malaysia’s 2013 General Election. The 13th General Election was the most contentious of election in Malaysian politics. Sinar Harian attempts to present a balanced reporting, by giving spaces to both parties to present their ideas and defend their stand, rooms which are not available in other mainstreams newspapers. This study uses content analysis as a method of investigation. It is a technique of gathering and analyzing the content of text. The analyses cover these dimensions; news report and analyses, letters to the Editor, political advertisements and special guest columns. This study found 33% of articles favored BN, 36% covered PR, 24% of articles considered as neutral reports and 6% of articles reported the activities of independent candidates. Using Monti’s classification of biasedunbiased reports, Sinar Harian can be categorized as unbiased newspaper. Key words: Sinar Harian Neutrality of media Mainstream newspaper INTRODUCTION Media freedom is important for a number of reasons...
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...Academic Writing and Critical Thinking – September 29, 2014 Assignment 4a - Draft Joern Meier Royal Roads University – Continuing Studies Author Note This assignment was prepared for Academic Writing and Critical Thinking, PAAP3858-A, taught by Jessica Michalofsky Academic Writing and Critical Thinking – September 29, 2014 Assignment 4a - Draft Final Paper The almost omnipresent Internet transforms our lives, connecting us to family, friends, and the world in ways inconceivable only a few years ago. Through social media, we actively participate in creating, editing, and consuming a never-ending stream of data. Private corporations and protagonists of political or social change all vie to reach and engage highly targeted audiences. Can a social media campaign be an effective tool, helping recruit people to volunteer and become physical participants in lobbying for change? Two camps have emerged, with one side proclaiming that the new world of Internet activism transforms and extends activism in ways previously unthinkable, and the other camp insisting that Internet activism entices a new but widely disengaged audience that can be motivated to a lukewarm show of hands but not to real committed participation as seen in more traditional forms of activism. This debate is widely known as the 'activism vs. slacktivism' debate. However, it is rather short-sighted to approach this very complex subject matter with a plain black and white approach when every single byte offers...
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