...Introduction Reviewing the Case Study on pp. 75 – 76 of the text Criminal Justice Organizations entitled “Time to Dig Out”, the class was to analyze this study and answer the following questions dealing on a political level of organizational structure and the decision making process. Question #1 Identify the groups, organizations, and political constituents likely to support a reduction in funding for the state’s department of corrections. Which of those groups would also publicly support changes in criminal sentencing that would reduce the prison population? Identify the stakeholder groups or individuals who benefit from funding the department of corrections or prison construction? The case study entitled “Time to Dig Out” was based on the decisions and political strategies in the view of the state governor. The case study revolved around the basis for new prisons and crime prevention within the state. The state wants to take a hard but drastic approach on preventing crime. There were too many contributing factors to debate on constructing new prisons or eliminating the idea all together. Because of the increased crime in the state the state’s budget base was eroding concurrent with the dramatic increase in dollars allocated to prison expansion. The groups, organizations, and political constituents likely to support a reduction in funding for state’s department of corrections are organizations and agencies affected by the decrease or loss of budget to help secure...
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...(2001) 263 ± 275 The behaviour of international firms in socio-political environments in the European Union Amjad Hadjikhania, Pervez N. Ghaurib,* b Uppsala University, Uppsala, Sweden Faculty of Management and Organisation, University of Groningen, Landleven 5, 9700 AV Groningen, Netherlands Received 1 March 1998 a Abstract Most of the earlier studies on international business ignore the influence of the political actors and the environment on the internationalisation of the firm. The focus of this study is on the interaction between business and political actors and the main question deals with how firms standing in different stages of their internationalisation manage their relationships with political actors. By using network theory, the study presents a conceptual framework and aims to augment the knowledge on the internationalisation of the firms' political activities. The variety in management actions are discussed by the two variables of influence and adaptation, which have become connected to the two fundamental variables in internationalisation of the firms, namely commitment and knowledge. By comparing the management behaviour of seven small- and medium-sized enterprises (SMEs) and three multinationals (MNEs), the study shows how smaller exporting firms vs. MNEs manage their relationships with political actors. The outcome of the analysis contains results elevating general aspects on the political behaviour of the firms in the European market. D 2001 Elsevier...
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...Littlefield 214 Tel: (650) 723 6069 wacziarg@gsb.stanford.edu http://www.stanford.edu/~wacziarg Assistant: Chris Lion Littlefield 330 Tel: (650) 723 9040 lion_chris@gsb.stanford.edu POLECON 230 - NONMARKET STRATEGY This course addresses managerial issues in the social, political and legal environments of business. Cases and readings emphasize strategies to improve the performance of companies in light of their multiple constituencies, in both international and US environments. Topics include integrated strategy, activists and the media, legislation affecting business, lobbying, regulation and antitrust, intellectual property, international trade policy, and business ethics. Most core courses focus on firms’ interactions with customers, suppliers, and alliance partners in the form of mutually beneficial exchange transacted in markets. In contrast, this course considers the strategic interactions of firms with comparably important constituents, organizations, and institutions outside of markets. Issues considered include those involving activist and interest groups, the media, legislatures, regulatory and antitrust agencies, and international organizations such as the WTO. Markets and the business environment are increasingly interrelated: issues such as boycotts, legislation, regulation, judicial decisions, and trade policy directly affect firms’ market performance. Conversely, the profit-maximizing activities of firms often give rise to issues that involve governments and the...
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...Case Studies/ Briefing Paper Pages 1 , to 3 are adapted from: Cameron S, (2002), Business Student’s Handbook, Prentice Hall, Essex We are going to look at how to use a case study to solve a problem. However this format can also be used to create a briefing paper for a potential client. Why are they important ? Case studies bridge the gap between learning and work situations in which you will be applying that learning. Pioneered by Havard Law School and then used on their MBA course in 1869, they have been seen as a valuable teaching tool. What is a case study? It usually consists of a written description of a situation faced by or within an organisation. A case study may be a brief outline of a scenario or 100 or more pages of closely written description and including company accounts, sales figures and other relevant information. Some studies are fictional and some based on real-life situations. Cases can: • Broaden your awareness of organisational situations • Give you something on which to practice concepts you have learned • Provide a useful basis for assessment • Develop group-working skills • Highlight assumptions about organisations and how people should or should not behave Warning! Remember a case study is the author’s impression of reality and is subject to bias. Therefore be prepared to look beyond the case study. Problems that may arise • Deciding what is needed – what are you meant to be doing • Working...
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...Term Paper On Disciplines that Contribute to Organizational Behavior Prepared by – Shambhavi Reg. no. 1220759 Class: Ist MBA – V Date : 9th July, 2012 Abstract: This study covers different disciplines that affect the discipline of organizational behavior. Disciplines like psychology, sociology, anthropology, etc are self acclaimed disciplines that contribute to the study of organizational behavior and they determine how an individual would behave in a scenario. It also includes mention of a case study to determine corporate psychological defenses, which explains how organizations try to avoid charges even if it’s their fault. This term paper discusses how different attributes of organizational behavior are affected by disciplines of different nature. Key words: Interdisciplinary, Organizational Behavior, Psychology, Sociology, Social Psychology, Anthropology, Management, Political Science, Medicine. 1 Introduction: 1. Meaning & Definitions: Organizational Behavior is a systematic study of the actions and attitudes that people exhibit within organizations, according to P G Aquinas (2006). This study is basically concerned with the psychosocial, interpersonal, and behavioral dynamics in organizations. The term ‘Organizational behavior’ is defined by Stephen P Robbins as “a field of study that investigates the impact of individuals, groups and structures on behavior within organizations for the purpose of applying such knowledge towards improving on Organization’s...
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...International Business Environment Name: University: Course Title: Instructor: Date: Executive Summary International business environment changes in the last couple of years have had a significant impact on the sectors of the world economy more so the airline sector, with this in mind the term paper focused on the impact of changes in the international business environment on the airline industry. International business environment is viewed as the most contexts for international business and comprehending how forces in this environment impact the business operations is the difference between business failure and success. To this end, the research established various changes in the business environment that have taken place in political, economic, financial and socio-cultural circles. Political changes especially the Arab spring have had far reaching impact on the airline sector with fall in passenger numbers to these destination as well as the rise in fuel prices negatively impacting the growth of the industry, political instability in other areas as well as laws regulating the airline sector have been on the rise as countries seek to protect local airlines, the economic crisis slowed down the growth of the sector but with the recovery process on track, the airline industry is expected to grow into the foreseeable future, issues such a new taxes for example carbon tax in Europe, the unstable foreign exchange market and inflationary pressures...
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...Administrative queries | Email: bsb119@qut.edu.au | Tutor contact details | Available in Contact Us section of Blackboard | Lecture Schedule Date: Week Beginning | Lecture Topic | Readings from textbook | Week 129 February | Introduction * Overview of Australian Business Environment * Globalisation and interdependencies * Drivers of internationalisation | Ch 1(pp19 to 28 & 43 to 63) | Week 27 March | Introduction to IB Theories and Databases * Models/theories of internationalisation * Country analysis * EIU, GMID Databases | Ch 2 (pp90-108) | Week 314 March | Business environments – Socio-economic characteristics * Country profile and macro-segmentation * Levels of economic and social development * Determinants of market potential | Ch 7 | Week 421 March | Business environments – cultural diversity * Elements of culture * Dimensions of culture * Doing business across cultures | Ch 5 | Midsemester Break | Week 54 April | Business environments – trade and investment * Instruments of trade policy * Costs and benefits of FDI * Regulation of FDI | Ch 3 (pp.116-145) | Week 611 April | Business environment – Political * Political systems * Political ideology *...
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...analysis ? Answer : The PEST analysis is a useful tool for understanding market growth or decline, and as such the position, potential and direction for a business. A PEST analysis is a business measurement tool. PEST is an acronym for Political, Economic, Social and Technological factors, which are used to assess the market for a business or organizational unit. The PEST analysis headings are a framework for reviewing a situation, and can also, like SWOT analysis, and Porter's Five Forces model be used to review a strategy or position, direction of a company, a marketing proposition, or idea. To get the most out of a PEST analysis, businesses should understand each of the four factors. 1. Political : * New state tax policies for accounting * New employment laws for employee handbook maintenance * Political instability in a foreign partner country 2. Economic: * International economic growth * Changes in interest rates 3. Social : * Shift in educational requirements and changing career attitudes * Population growth rate 4. Technical : * Automated processes in the industry * Rate of innovation * Changes in technology incentives 2. Give four examples of other external factors not featured in the case study. There are few more factors which affects business than PEST analysis factors. Few of them are as below: (1) ENVIRONMENTAL FACTORS : Environmental factors itself suggest that it is related with nature. This is also important...
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...CASE STUDY: FRACTURING THE ENERGY MARKET 1. Which industries gain and which industries lose from the availability of cheap natural gas produced from shale deposits? The industries that gain cheap natural gas produced from shale deposits are United States it is known for the largest deposit of shale gas. It is estimated to be nearly 500 trillion cubic feet of gas which is more than enough for America’s citizen to receive energy for 50 year or further. U.S. is the world’s largest economy that have a good prime market, political stability, military strength, foreign investment, international trade and many more. Plus it all started in 1932 when Joseph Schumpeter an American develop the innovation concept of fracking. France, Bulgaria and Poland have the largest shale reserves in European. France was banned fracking in 2001 due to environmental awareness and Bulgarian too banned in 2012 for the same reasons. Poland also has been banned from using fracking because they are protecting their quality water supplies and currently being managed by coal for power energy. Other than that, China also have a large shale gas reserve at about 1,275 trillion cubic feet. It have not yet been develop so China lose the availability of cheap natural gas. 2. Which countries gain and which countries lose from the availability of cheap natural gas? Based on the case study Germany has gradually shutter all its nuclear power plants and increase reliance on solar and wind energy because...
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...| | | |FORM AB1: BTEC ASSIGNMENT BRIEF | | |QCF ASSIGNMENT FRONT SHEET | | |Qualification |Unit number and title | |BTEC SUBSIDIARY DIPLOMA IN BUSINESS STUDIES |UNIT 1: BUSINESS ENVIRONMENT | |Learner name | Assessor name | | | | |Date issued | Hand in deadline |Submitted on | | | | | | ...
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...INTERNATIONAL BUSINESS CASE STUDY Assignment 11/29/2014 CASE STUDY OF DECEMBER 2014 ABE EXAMS Suggested questions 1) Using the PESTLE framework, analyse JCB global environment - Political factor: JCB political risk is not specified in the case study. But as a multinational, it is impacted by the political decisions of countries where it operates. According to the text, JCB is in a position of prevention. The company is implemented in countries where political riks are low. Even if they have potential market to sell compaction equipment in key developing country such as Africa, they are not ready to enter this market if there are no favorable political conditions. Control or restriction of it operations - Economical: The economic environment includes factors of production such as land, labor and capital. The company could analyze the income figure as the Gross Demographic or the Gross national Product of countries where they peroate as a guide to a specific market size. The inflation and the recession can also affect the operational cost of the company. This need to be observer and manage specially for some south American countries that have experienced high inflation rate, for example, Mexico has succeeded in bringing its inflation rate down from over 100% to under 10%. Other economic influence s that can be important are the level of government budget deficit or surplus. - Social and...
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...while understanding and developing this process is to carry out environmental scanning to study the external and internal factors that affect the decision in the development of the strategies and the tactics. Environmental scanning implies the process of examining the open system (external environment) and closed system (internal environment), monitoring the results and distributing it to the key managers at the right time and the right place with the required information. For a sound strategic decision to be formalized by the marketers it is very important for the firms to scrutinize their business processes by analyzing the internal and the external environment that it constitutes. Purpose of Marketing Environment Analysis: • Understanding the opportunities and threats is possible by environmental study • Strategic responses to the environment is spotted by the analysis • Examining the environmental factors provide insights into the future perspective of the strategies harnessed. • The favorable and the unfavorable trends and the events can be observed and studied in a methodical manner. • To have a proper balance between the environments and the business units, which include the marketing department which is the core activity that helps the business unit to respond accordingly. SWOT Analysis: This study involves the understanding of the External Environment which includes...
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...winners, and losers of these actions, as well as the effects of this deprivatization on politics. The case study explains how since 1992 many Russian corporations are now privatized and owned by foreign capital and investors. These privatizations caused a downturn in the economy, which forced the Russian government to reevaluate the privatization rules and to reverse some of these agreements. Although the government pledged that only illegals privatizations will be affected by this measurement, the reality is that because of the unclear rules, any pretext can be use against any corporation where the Russian government could have a renew interest. Because mangers need to be aware of not only the current events within their organizations but also aware of the environment, including the political environment, they will need to understand that there is an increase in risk factor of loss for all current and future investments of the organization. Since all these changes in the ruling of privatization are promoted and sometimes enforced by the Russian government, managers need to recognize that uncertainty will play an increasingly important in calculating the Return on Investment. On the other hand, foreign investment in Russia will suffer greatly because there is no legal framework that will protect organizations from deprivatization. Since the increase of political risk, investor needs to take into consideration the high probability of no return on...
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...A TRIBUTE TO OLIVER WILLIAMSON: Institutions, Politics, and Non-Market Strategy Rui J. P. de Figueiredo, Jr. liver Williamson is best known for his contributions to economics, and particularly to our understanding of how private firms are defined, operate, and change. Williamson’s primary application addressed the question of why some economic transactions were organized within a private firm, while others took place outside of a firm, in the market. Despite this focus, Williamson’s reach and impact has extended far beyond the domain of private firms and markets. Certainly suitable for a scholar who has been so vocally interdisciplinary in his approach to the study of institutions and organizations, Williamson’s work has also made critical contributions to the understanding of political institutions specifically, and politics more generally. O From Transaction Cost Economics to Transaction Cost Politics At its heart, Williamson’s deep analysis of organization through the “lens of contract” is not restricted to private firms competing for economic profits. The theory and empirical analysis outlined and developed by Williamson, and those working through the framework he provides, focus on issues of governance more broadly: how activities, exchanges, or transactions are appropriately (or at times inappropriately) organized to minimize transaction costs. Put another way, one of Williamson’s signal contributions was to note that the way in which social activity is organized...
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...Analysis: The case of E-shop Dimitrios Nikolaou Koumparoulis Full-time Professor of Economics and Management, Universidad Azteca – Mexico. AR TIC LE INF O Keywords: AB STR AC T PEST analysis stands for "Political, Economic, Social, and Technological analysis" and describes a framework of macro-environmental factors used in the environmental scanning component of strategic management. At this paper we study the case of E-shop, a private company in Greece, illustrating the reasons why a company should work on pest framework. The author would like to dedicate this paper to Mr. David Scott and his family. © 2013 Int. j. econ. manag. soc. sci. All rights reserved for TI Journals. pest analysis case study E-shop Jel Classification: M10 M19 1. Introduction In the new economic environment that has emerged as an impact of the recent ‘crisis’, the complexity of each industry forms a demanding context that affects consistently both the internal and external environment of organizations. As a result, the majority of the firms need to maintain their competitive advantage. However, a firm have to constantly increase the value of their products offered to clients in order to sustain their competitive advantage (Barney, 2008), as well as being profitable in order to exist (Egan, 1998). The industries can be described as a set of external and internal environment so, every firm is affected by external environment such as the market, client, etc and the internal environment including...
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