...The principle for both politics and power is the extent of an interconnection between individuals. As individuals pursue their own goals in a firm, they must also deal with the interest of others. Managers may see a power gap. The power gap and its associated political dynamics are twofold. One is that power and politics represent a closure of organizational life. Organizations are not equally comprised of individuals with the same power. Some people have a lot more clot than others. There are winners and losers in the battle of resources and rewards. Another is that politics and power are essential means of the organization and used in getting the work completed by managers. Many more organizational members can win when managers isolate the situations in which the individual and interest alike in the organization (Schermerhorn, Hunt, & Osborn, 2008). Compare and Contrast Power and Politics in Organizations. Within each organization a manager's power is in large part determined by his or her position and personal power and by his or her ability to build upon combinations of these sources. An essential source of power accessible to a manager derived only from his or her position in the organization. Specifically, position power derived from roots joined with the position. The essential perspectives of position power: legitimate, representative, information, coercive, reward, and process power. Position power enhances whereas a manager capable of demonstrating to others...
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...tasks the job requires. Despite a manager having a diversity of requirements to fulfill, managers are chosen by a higher rank position regarding to their performance.test. etc, Thus, managers have the tendency of being top of his/her crew to get the job done in order to maintain their manager job. For instance currently, I work in Panda Express in Stonestown, I feel that my manager doesn't care about our concerns on how to improve our working conditions. Since she believes we have no place to let her know about our concerns, however if a manager from a different store or a superior rank mentions a chance, she would take action immediately. However, leadership is completely different from management in a various ways. For instance a leader is someone who decides to take action of a certain situation in order to bring clarity towards a situation. Additionally, leaders don’t follow a script of how to react towards their surroundings, leaders listen to their community in order to involve everyone to take part of the decisions. For instance, I remember in my Health class in my sophomore...
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...MGT5000 Management and Organisational Behaviour : Assignment 2 Task 1 - Scenario ( 396 words) Back to one and half year ago, Luke Michas, a new Director of product development was hired and appointed to merge the Product Design team in US and the Product Development team in China both were solely in the past and managed by different managers in 2 countries. Both teams carry more or less the same function in the company, as top management never proper define the role of 2 teams, managers at US and China were all trying to grow their divisions in terms of staff and authority and resulting great difficulty in getting along owing to existing negative perceptions about the other group. Manufacturing partners are in China, vendors are getting confuse and projects are always delay and cost high when one team turn the others comments down. Luke, past was the Director of product development in a golf accessories manufacturer company with 15 years experience leading 30 peoples with good reputation. He is an open-minded manager willing to listen individual’s needs, and always gives positive and great idea to help his team in case of trouble. The first day of Luke’s on board, he had imperiled to 2 regional managers that if they will not cooperate with each other, he would fire the redundant one. Subsequently, 2 major changes are in the team with the intervention of Luke. Videoconference meeting is held weekly and “Team members exchange program” was introduced. The weekly...
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...Steering Bangladesh in the Right Direction: A report based on Steering Bangladesh in the Right Direction: A report based on Youth Leadership Summit 2011 is published by the Bangladesh Youth Leadership Center and funded by the World Bank. Steering Bangladesh in the Right Direction: A report based on Youth Leadership Summit 2011 is the result of collaboration with pi Strategy Consulting. Bangladesh Youth Leadership Center Plot 3 Road 20 Block J Baridhara Dhaka 1212 phone: (02) 883 3519 email: info@bylc.org www.bylc.org CORE TEAM AND AUTHORS © 2012 Bangladesh Youth Leadership Center All rights reserved. Samina Hossain Leadership Fellow, Bangladesh Youth Leadership Center Neamah Nazrul Islam Management Trainee, Bangladesh Youth Leadership Center No part of this publication may be reproduced or transmitted in any form or by any means, including photocopying and recording, or by any information storage and retrieval system. Samira Saba Intern, Bangladesh Youth Leadership Center PRODUCTION TEAM - CREATIVE DESIGN Ivdad Ahmed Khan Mojlish Director, Youth Leadership Programs, Bangladesh Youth Leadership Center Neamah Nazrul Islam Management Trainee, Bangladesh Youth Leadership Center We are grateful to Pial Islam and his team at pi Strategy Consulting for their generous support in survey design and data analysis. In addition, we offer a special thank you to Charles Undeland at the World Bank for his guidance and advice on the production...
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...Political Socialization is an ongoing process that begins early in life which eventually identifies one’s beliefs and/or expectations in politics. Political Socialization can begin on the playground and continue to the office or the dinner table. A person’s upbringing can have a large impact on political socialization, because children consciously and unconsciously mold a foundation of their parent’s political beliefs. These political views are reinforced throughout their lives. Common agents that have an effect on a person’s political socialization are family, peers, religious influences, political parties, and mass media. There are two distinctive levels of political socialization. There is a primary level which is the subliminal influence (unconscious), and there is the secondary level which is the more formal influences (conscious). The primary level is socialization through family, peers, and social groups. A person is actually unaware that they are being conditioned to think in a particular way...
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...to obtain higher levels of education and training. You can depend on the IOM to be a fair and reputable organization. The IOM works with national academies and has a large number of professionals and volunteers. Their time is spent trying to come up with ideas to improve and support health. In order to manage the increasing responsibilities that come with the rapidly growing health care, nurses have to increase their level of education and training. Nurses need to be able to take the role as leaders, particularly nurses who practice in primary care. A report issued by the IOM proposed that these better-trained nurses can fill a gap. This brings up an old debate regarding what is “scope of practice.” Should nurses be able to order tests, write prescriptions and take on other responsibilities only reserved to doctors? Health challenges have shifted in the 21st century. In the 20th century we focused more on treating acute illnesses and injuries. Today Americans are older, those 65 and older will be almost 20% of the population by 2030. The older population creates more chronic conditions such as diabetes, heart disease, arthritis and mental health conditions. This is compounded by the increasing obesity levels in the US. Education for the 20th century is not acceptable for the changes we are facing in the 21st century. The environment where the patient is cared for and their needs are more complex and require nurses to deliver a higher quality...
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...the objectives of Ch.5 of text written by Handelman is ‘To understand many opportunities existing for women to have more educational higher rate of literacy than men. b-F 3-The consequences of gender inequality and exploitation are very limited. a-F 4- The Victorian values of the nineteenth century expanded the role of women in the work place and in politics. b-F 5- The gender gap expands when a country develops and the economy grows. b-F 6- In parts of Asia there are more positive signs that increased education that has enabled poorer urban women to secure better paid jobs. The situation is better for lower and upper class women not middle class women. They have educational and occupational opportunities that are comparable to those of men with the same social status. a- F 7- Commercialization of production techniques robbed women of their specialized labor functions which, in turn, increased their political power in the short term. a-F 8- It should be noted that the restoration of Brazilian democracy had the effect of mobilizing women at a higher level. Middle class women became more involved in national politics consolidating the ties they already had with the urban poor. a-T 9- Cuba has the worst record of trying to maintain gender equality in politics, but women are still overrepresented in the top ranks of political leadership. It remains a fact that traditional cultural values concerning gender roles are dramatically have changed. b-F 10- Women enjoy less...
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...Education System in the Eras of Mao and Post-Mao The education policy in China has been lasted for a long period of time; it can be trace to the imperial examination. In the early of the 20th century, the modern education system is being established and finalize. However, things change once the People's Republic of China founded. The Communist Party chairman, Mao Zedong, puts forward his own educational ideological and system in China, but his ideological had been fail at last because of the Cultural Revolution. Therefore, in the post-Mao period (1978 to present), the educational system has been reform again. The post-Mao education system has abrogated the old system and set up a new one that match the development of China. Since different chairmen will have different ideology, the educational systems between Mao and Post-Mao periods also have many differences. After the founding of the People's Republic of China (1949), the Chinese Communists are started reforming the political in the areas of politics, economics, military and religion, especially on the educational system. To be the leader of PRC at that time and was graduated from the Teachers’ College, Mao Zedong had put forward education ideological system for the people in China. At first, the new education system was based on the Soviet model, the government move the whole Soviet Union education system into China to replace the old education in China, therefore, the Chinese education and culture had become under the...
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...ORGANIZATIONAL POWER POLITICS This page intentionally left blank ORGANIZATIONAL POWER POLITICS Tactics in Organizational Leadership Second Edition GILBERT W. FAIRHOLM PRAEGER An Imprint of ABC-CLIO, LLC Copyright © 2009 by Gilbert W. Fairholm All rights reserved. No part of this publication may be reproduced, stored in a retrieval system, or transmitted, in any form or by any means, electronic, mechanical, photocopying, recording, or otherwise, except for the inclusion of brief quotations in a review, without prior permission in writing from the publisher. Library of Congress Cataloging-in-Publication Data Fairholm, Gilbert W. Organizational power politics : tactics in organizational leadership / Gilbert W. Fairholm. — 2nd ed. p. cm. Includes bibliographical references and index. ISBN 978-0-313-37976-5 (alk. paper) — ISBN 978-0-313-37977-2 (ebook) 1. Office politics. 2. Leadership. 3. Power (Social sciences) I. Title. HF5386.5.F35 2009 658.4’095—dc22 2009018808 13 12 11 10 09 1 2 3 4 5 This book is also available on the World Wide Web as an eBook. Visit www.abc-clio.com for details. ABC-CLIO, LLC 130 Cremona Drive, P.O. Box 1911 Santa Barbara, California 93116-1911 This book is printed on acid-free paper Manufactured in the United States of America Contents Preface Acknowledgement Introduction: The History and Theory of Power Part I: Defining Power in Work Group Operations Chapter 1: Elements of a Definition Chapter 2: Defining the Forms of Power Chapter...
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...Advancing Health. This report addresses the opportunity the United States has to transform its health care system into a higher quality, safer, more affordable and accessible system since the enactment of the Affordable Care Act (ACA) (Institute of Medicine, 2010). There are many recommendations on how to bring about this transformation. Three specific nursing areas which could be affected by these are education, practice (particularly primary care), and nursing roles as leaders. Within these are also recommendations not just for future nurses, but for practical changes the nurse can make in everyday practice now. Impact on Education The report clearly recommends nurses should achieve higher levels of education and training. It emphasizes the need for more nurses to enter the workforce with a baccalaureate degree, or to obtain one early in their career (Institute of Medicine, 2010). This is a requirement many hospitals are already putting into place. It also clearly makes its case for an all-BSN workforce at the entry level, in order to have the uniform foundation for the future nursing roles that they envision. The committee believes the nursing workforce should be at 80% having a BSN by 2020. They have also expressed that diploma programs should be phased out over the next 10 years (Institute of Medicine, 2010). Another thing it pushes for is the education of all nursing and medical students together through simulation and web based training to increase collaboration in future...
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...of leadership. Discuss this statement and include in your discussion the factors behind this leadership deficit. 1.0 Introduction These decades, there are many challenges facing by Malaysia that need to be handle effectively in order for Malaysia to achieve its vision on 2020. Recently, the latest issue in Malaysia that got concern not only by Malaysian but also international community are ‘I want to touch a dog’ programme, Selangor MB crisis, changing Malaysian education system, GST (good and service tax) implement on 2015, lost of MH370, MH 17 incident and many more. These showed that Malaysia has lack of leadership in term of emotion awareness, lack of communication skill, information and knowledge and much more. Lack of leadership is one of the major challenges for Malaysia because an effective leadership are needed to handle these entire problems effectively. However, Malaysia undergo leadership deficit. Maintaining the political peaceful, economic growth, multi-ethnic citizen and develop higher education are examples of another challenges for Malaysia to manage nowadays. The concept of leadership is quite unclear and it is different from concept of management but both are important. According to Jackson (1993), leadership can be define as thought of as belonging to the individual rather than given by virtue of his or her position in organisational which can be seen as an ability to motivate others and to influence them. Meanwhile, Jacobs (1989) see leadership as skill...
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...PUBLIC POLICY AND GENDER POLITICS IN NIGERIA INTRODUCTION Despite the seemingly progressive actions by various regimes to redress women's conditions, the institutional environment dominated by men manifest contradictory gender politics. In Nigeria, as elsewhere, power relations are predicated on gender, which may be exercised in different domains (Pereira 2002:1). This chapter examines public policy and gender politics in governance, the social sector (widowhood practices) and education. PUBLIC POLICIES ON WOMEN'S RIGHTS Since the end of Second World War, there has been a widespread global concern for women's rights. Several international instruments have been adopted to attempt to resolve the problem of women's marginalization. The long list of international instruments include the 1948 Declaration on Human Rights, the 1976 Covenant on Human Rights, the 1979 Convention on the Elimination of all forms of Discrimination, and the 1985 Nairobi Forward-Looking Strategies. The Nigerian state has also responded to the international environment through adoption of public policies and programmes to redress the imbalance in gender differences in the social, economic and political spheres. In 2000, the Nigerian government adopted the National Policy on Women. The government considered the policy as its commitment to the development of all sectors of the society and to institutionalize processes which will pilot the Nigerian society towards social equity, justice and a much-improved...
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...Participation of Women in Philippine Politics and Society: A Situationer Introduction This paper is intended to provide an overview of the status of women in the Philippine society especially in the aspect of politics and the labor market. This should be considered as a work in progress which the author aims to further develop as a comprehensive situation paper that can both provide the reader a consolidated picture of the gender equality challenge in the country and motivate them on the need to contribute in changing the so-called “divides and mirages” in Philippine sexual politics. According to the latest gender disaggregated data, women constitute 37.9-million (49.6%) of the 76.5 million Filipinos as of May 2000. Almost 15.5-million are between ages 15 to 40 reflecting a young female population. However, while women constitute nearly half of the population, its status in the Philippine society is still characterized by sharp contradictions of obvious gains, on one hand, and glaring inequalities on the other. One can find both major advancements for women’s role and graphic gender inequality in specific areas of the society. The Human Development Report 2002 (UNDP) revealed that 35% of Filipino administrators and managers are women -- which is one of the highest in the world. Additionally, approximately 17.2% of all the legislative seats are occupied by women and 2/3 of professionals and technical workers are women. This puts the country’s...
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...Looking Inward at Leadership Abstract Leadership is the process of influencing subordinates so that they contribute enthusiastically to the attainment of organizational objectives. It is the leader who clarifies the objectives of the group they are leading and creates the sustain enthusiasm among them for achieving organizational objectives. This paper assesses my personalities and characteristics that potentially make me an effective and/or ineffective leader. From personality traits, to effective teamwork, it compares my current career experiences and applies the concepts related to leadership theories towards those experiences. Improvements areas are identified as well, with things to consider on how to improve on those setbacks as they relate to strong leadership. Looking Inward at Leadership No matter what career an individual decides to pursue in this world the act of leadership is close behind. Any position you hold involves leadership and one must not understand the concepts of leadership but also understand their strengths and weaknesses as it pertains to their leadership capabilities. By understanding one’s abilities as a leader ultimately allows them to be a great leader by utilizing their strengths and improving their weaknesses. As with any profession or career out there are individuals who are meant to lead and individuals who are meant to follow. Upon completion of Leadership involves the ability to influence, meet objectives, ability to implement...
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...in between. The question here is what is missing for those people to be in equal position with their conterparts? The aim of this review is to outline specific career development programmes for both ethnic minority workers and for workers in gender untypical occupations. The focus will be on the position of unemployed ethnic minorities in the labour market and how labour market training programmes help for better labour market opportunities. Barriers to employment: OECD research has found that the employment gap between ethnic minorities and others non ethnic minorities can be explained to a certain extend with the lower level of education.Researches show that the second generation benefit from better employment due to better education , but still not to the same extend as the children of natives. A critical...
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