...Name: Course: Anatomy and Physiology 1 Instructor: Topic: Adult Polycystic Kidney Disease. Adult Polycystic Kidney disease is also known as Autosomal Dominant Polycystic Kidney Disease. ADPKD is the most common genetic cause of chronic renal disease. There is currently no cure for this deadly hereditary disease, but a comprehensive understanding of the disease by health care providers is of great importance. Referral to a nephrologist and prompt treatment eliminates health valued complications. An estimate of one in every five hundred people is affected by ADPKD, usually in patient population with end stage renal disease. ADPKD is a systemic disease that results from the mutation of either the PDK1 or PDK2 gene which is found on the short arm of chromosome 16 or chromosome 4 respectively. Birth genes encodes for polycostin -1 and polycytin -2 ion channel, proteins necessary for the proper functioning of renal filtration. Improper functioning of renal filtration lead to apoptosis, increased fluid sections, disorganized surrounding extracellular fluid leading to cyst enlargement. When these cyst enlarges they begin to compress causing ischemia and the occlusion of normal tubules in the kidneys leading to progressive renal impairment and function. A patient is diagnosed with ADPKD disorder will present with large kidneys, pain in the flank or abdominal region, chills, fever, hematuria, hypertension and blood vessel abnormalities. Unfortunately...
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...Acquired cystic kidney disease is fairly asymptomatic so there are unlikely to be many signs that a patient has the condition. However, there can be complications. A patient with chronic kidney disease and end-stage renal disease who suddenly starts to see blood in their urine, develops a fever and has back pain should be investigated for the condition. Diagnosis Ultrasound Medical imaging is a way that helps doctors to be able to diagnose the condition by seeing what is happening in the body. Initially the medical team may opt for ultrasound. This is a non-invasive and safe form of imaging which will provide some indication of what is happening to the patient’s kidneys. Ultrasound creates an image from the way that sound waves bounce back...
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...Exam #4 Review Comprehensive and/or early Weeks Know all conditions that cause splenomegaly All associated diseases with EBV Week 1 Mechanisms of Cellular Adaptation Types of necrosis and pathology where most likely found. Apply the definitions of Atrophy, hypertrophy, hyperplasia, hypoplasia, dysplasia, and metaplasia. Week 2 Pain Throughout Organ Systems General anatomy of kidneys, appendix, gallbladder, pancreas, spleen, male and female reproductive organs. Costochondritis vs Angina Pectoris vs Myocardial Infarctions. Rheumatoid arthritis Gout lab findings Week 3 Fluid Balance and Edema Electrolyte imbalances of sodium, potassium, calcium, and magnesium. Intra and Extra cellular concentrations of sodium and potassium as related to osmotic balance. Know the physical signs/symptoms of electrolyte imbalances including hyper and hypo natremia, kalemia, and calcemia. SIADH lab and imaging findings Diabetes insipidus lab and imaging findings Week 4 Topic 4 Acidosis and Alkalosis Know your acid-bases! Week 5 Topic 5 Cardiovascular Causes of Fatigue Cor-pulmonale, cardiomyopathies Week 6 Topic 6 Thyroid, Adrenal, Liver Fatigue Hashimoto’s thyroiditis vs. DeQuervain vs. nodular goiter vs. secondary hypothyroidism Cirrhosis, Addison disease lab tests and hormone responsible. Is it high or low? Week 7 Topic 7 Bleeding as Indicator of Disease Pathophysiology of Disseminated Intravascular Coagulation Pathophysiology of Hemophilia Ulcers Week 8...
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