...Polyphonic HMI: Mixing Music and Math So few songs actually become hits—Las Vegas gives you better odds than the music industry! You might as well just put a million dollars on red and spin the wheel . . . — Ric Wake, Independent Music Producer In late 2003, the management team of Barcelona-based Polyphonic HMI was preparing to launch an artificial intelligence tool that they believed had the potential to create tremendous value for the music industry. The technology, referred to as Hit Song Science (HSS), analyzed the mathematical characteristics of music (by isolating aspects such as melody, tempo, pitch, rhythm, and chord progression) and compared them with characteristics of past music hits, making it possible to determine a song’s hit potential. Mike McCready, the CEO of Polyphonic, explained: The music industry has always used two criteria to determine if a song will be a success. One is that it sounds like a hit. They have professionals at the music labels who are paid to determine if a song sounds like a hit. And two is that they have an idea how they can bring the artist and the song to the market. The problem is that the industry has about a 10% success rate: only one in 10 songs that get promoted ever charts. We add a third criterion—that it has to have optimal mathematical patterns—and significantly increase success rates. “This piece of technology is truly special,” he raved. “In one of our early tests, HSS generated unusually high...
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...Seminar Innovation and Marketing Polyphonic HMI: Mixing Music and Math Marco de Graaf 350111 We Fong Ma 375268 Oliver Müller 373496 Instructor: Dr. G. Liberali Master Business and Economics, Specialization Marketing Erasmus School of Economics Rotterdam, January 22, 2013 Diagnosis The management team of Polyphonic is entering a market, which is currently facing permanent changes and a lot of pressure. Rapid technological changes, like the development from CD to DVD and movements towards digital downloading, forces recording companies to adapt their business models consequently. In addition, the music industry is facing negative annual unit sales growth in their most important markets: North America, which accounts for 41% of global music sales, showed a decline in demand of enormous 10.4 % in 2002. The European market, which is the second most important market, also showed a negative trend in most regions. This situation puts a lot of pressure on the recording industry: Funds have to be allocated wisely and it cannot be afforded to waste and risk any money. In an industry, where the average success rate is approximately 10% and where a lack of tools to measure the potential of a song/artist efficiently is immanent, the task of not wasting money is a difficult one. The industry has to rely on the feelings, ears, guts and experience of its producers. The most popular scientific alternative currently available is the so-called “call-out research”. Depending on...
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...THE POWER OF HABIT Duhi_9781400069286_2p_all_r1.j.indd i 10/17/11 12:01 PM Duhi_9781400069286_2p_all_r1.j.indd ii 10/17/11 12:01 PM HABIT W h y We D o W h a t We D o and How to Change It THE POWER OF CHARLES DUHIGG Random House e N e w Yo r k Duhi_9781400069286_2p_all_r1.j.indd iii 10/17/11 12:01 PM This is a work of nonfiction. Nonetheless, some names and personal characteristics of individuals or events have been changed in order to disguise identities. Any resulting resemblance to persons living or dead is entirely coincidental and unintentional. Copyright © 2012 by Charles Duhigg All rights reserved. Published in the United States by Random House, an imprint of The Random House Publishing Group, a division of Random House, Inc., New York. RANDOM HOUSE and colophon are registered trademarks of Random House, Inc. ISBN 978-1-4000-6928-6 eBook ISBN 978-0-679-60385-6 Printed in the United States of America on acid-free paper Illustrations by Anton Ioukhnovets www.atrandom.com 2 4 6 8 9 7 5 3 1 First Edition Book design by Liz Cosgrove Duhi_9781400069286_2p_all_r1.j.indd iv 10/17/11 12:01 PM To Oliver, John Harry, John and Doris, and, everlastingly, to Liz Duhi_9781400069286_2p_all_r1.j.indd v 10/17/11 12:01 PM Duhi_9781400069286_2p_all_r1.j.indd vi 10/17/11 12:01 PM CONTENTS PROLOGUE The Habit Cure GGG xi PA R T O N E The Habits of Individuals 1. THE HABIT LOOP How Habits Work 3 31 60 2. THE...
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