...Recognizing and Minimizing Tort and Regulatory Risk A tort is an act by a business that results in injury to a person, property, or good name. In most cases the person injured is entitled to compensation (Jennings, 2006). It is in the businesses best interest to be educated on local, state, and federal laws and regulations to reduce regulation and tort liability. A business must protect its assets, earnings, and good name. A company must have a plan in place to reduce and eliminate fines, penalties, and tort liability. The business must have a preventive plan in place to address regulation compliance and tort liability (Dore, 2008). Preventative, detective, and corrective measures The preventive plan should include measures to know and understand regulations and liability torts the business could encounter. Furthermore, the business plan should include steps that will be taken in the event of a government regulation violation or a tort liability. The plan should first identify the possible torts for non-compliance to government laws and regulations. The following are some of the issues the preventive plan should include: The business must identify health risks to employees, consumer, and the general public. The business must take solid steps to ensure the product, or services rendered is not harmful to others. An employee of the business needs to be assigned and responsible to understand the laws and regulations that affect all facets of the business. This person needs to keep...
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...Recognizing and Minimizing Tort and Regulatory Risk Plan Damesha N. Horace Law 531/Business Law July 19, 2010 Recognizing and Minimizing Tort and Regulatory Risk Plan A tort is a civil injury designed to provide compensation for injury to a legally protected, tangible or intangible, interest (West’s Business Law, 2004). To reduce litigation and tort liability, businesses should ensure they are educated in local, state, and federal laws, and regulations. To protect its reputation and assets, it is critical that businesses have a plan in place to address tort and regulatory risks. Preventative, Detective, and Corrective Measures A preventative plan should include procedures that make businesses aware of regulations and liability torts they could encounter. The company business plan should also include actions to take in the event of a government regulation violation or tort liability. The plan should identify possible torts for non-compliance to government laws and regulations. Other issues that should be in the plan include health risks to employees, consumers, and the public. Companies should delegate a team of individuals to educate employees. This team should fully understand laws and regulations and also keep management abreast of new issues as they develop in the industry. Common Torts and Risks Negligence, defamation/slander/libel, invasion of privacy, Freedom of Information Act (FOIA), and strict liability are tort liabilities uncovered after reviewing...
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...Recognizing and Minimizing Tort and Regulatory Risk A tort is an act by a business that results in injury to a person, property, or good name. In most cases the person injured is entitled to compensation (Jennings, 2006). It is in the businesses best interest to be educated on local, state, and federal laws and regulations to reduce regulation and tort liability. A business must protect its assets, earnings, and good name. A company must have a plan in place to reduce and eliminate fines, penalties, and tort liability. The business must have a preventive plan in place to address regulation compliance and tort liability (Dore, 2008). Preventative, detective, and corrective measures The preventive plan should include measures to know and understand regulations and liability torts the business could encounter. Furthermore, the business plan should include steps that will be taken in the event of a government regulation violation or a tort liability. The plan should first identify the possible torts for non-compliance to government laws and regulations. The following are some of the issues the preventive plan should include: The business must identify health risks to employees, consumer, and the general public. The business must take solid steps to ensure the product, or services rendered is not harmful to others. An employee of the business needs to be assigned and responsible to understand the laws and regulations that affect all facets of the business. This person needs to keep...
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...different types of business agreements and the importance of key elements require for the formation of a valid contract. 5 Apply the rules of offer and acceptance in the given scenario, also considering any impact of new technology. 5 Assess the importance of the rules of intention and consideration of parties to the agreement by applying. 7 Explain the importance of the contracting parties having the appropriate legal capacity to enter into a binding agreement 7 SPECIFIC TERMS IN A BUSINESS CONTRACT. 8 Analyze specific contract terms with reference to there importance and impact if these terms are broken using Mr. John’s contract for purchase of computers. 8 Justify the selection of methods/ techniques that Mr. John should use for the termination of contract with Mr. Bobs Company. 8 Apply and analyze the law on standard form contracts in the given scenario 9 Discuss the effect of exemption clauses in attempting to exclude contractual liability in the given scenario 11 LAW OF TORT IN BUSINESS ACTIVITIES AND PARTICULAR FORMS OF TORTIUOS LIABILITY. 12 Describe the nature of general tortuous liability comparing and contrasting to contractual liability 12 Explain the liability applicable to an occupier of premises in the given scenario 13 Discuss the nature of employer’s liability with reference to vicarious liability and health and safety implications taking Mr. Bobs Company as an example 13 Distinguish strict liability from general tortuous liability in the given scenario...
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...Recognizing and Minimizing Tort and Regulatory Risk Plan Law 531 Charles Cook January 24, 2011 Recognizing and Minimizing Tort and Regulatory Risk Plan For organizations to avoid detrimental situations that can create excessive loss for the business, it is imperative for them to Recognize and minimize the risks associated with torts. According to Henery Cheeseman, 2010, “Tort law imposes a duty on persons and business agents not to intentionally or negligently injure others in society”(Cheeseman, 2010). Developing a clear plan that reduces and eliminates any fines, penalties and tort liabilities will help the success of a business. Cheeseman (2010) states “Tort law imposes a duty on persons and business agents not to intentionally or negligently injure others in society” (Cheeseman. 2010). Plan elements Knowing the four elements of defending against negligence is fundamental to developing a preventative plan against negative effects of a tort. With foresight, a business can plan against the occurrence by superseding or intervening the event. Having knowledgeable team members who can determine whether or not the company is actually responsible for an event is essential. Assuming the risk of potential negligence can help to diminish the possibility of tort. Keeping a business team aware of what risks are possible and can help to avoid situations where a company knowingly enters into risky practices will keep businesses safe from liability. Finally, both contributory...
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...Running head: BUSINESS REGULATION SIMULATION Business Regulation Simulation Bernice Davis Business Law LAW531 September 19, 2011 Alumina Inc. is a business that has “interests in automotive components and manufacture of packaging materials, bauxite mining, alumina refining, and aluminum smelting” (University of Phoenix, 2011). Five years ago, Alumina Inc. was in violation of environmental discharge due to a failed PAH concentration test that was above the prescribed limit (University of Phoenix, 2011). Kelly Bates has a daughter who is suffering from leukemia and is trying to establish negligence on Alumina Inc. and their violation from five years earlier. There are four torts that Alumina Inc. could be in violation with and they are intentional tort, unintentional tort, product liability and strict liability. Alumina Inc. will review if they have violated any of these torts and will try to settle with Kelly Bates. Intentional Tort An intentional tort is “a category of torts that requires that the defendant possessed the intent to do the act that caused the plaintiff’s injuries” (Cheeseman, 2010, p. 75). Alumina Inc. is having a suit brought against them that the environmental violation from five years ago contributed to Kelly Bates daughter’s leukemia. Alumina Inc. is faced with what the company should do in order to determine if such allegation is legitimate. The company decides it can either conduct independent site studies or investigate Kelly...
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...smelting (University of Phoenix). After the challenge that Kelly Bates posed, Roger Lloyd, the chairman of the organization (University of Phoenix), realized that the company needed to come up with a plan to manage torts and regulatory risks. Common business torts include intentional torts, unintentional torts (negligence) and strict liability. Intentional torts refer to actions that are taken with the intent to cause injury to the plaintiff. Unintentional torts, or negligence, refer to actions that are not taken to directly harm someone but where harm is a foreseeable consequence. The third type of tort is strict liability which means liability without any fault (Cheeseman, 2010, p. 75). It is extremely important to manage tort and regulatory risks (Cooper, 2008, p. 80). When it comes to Alumina Inc. there has only been a case for possible negligence, as outlined in the business simulation. Regulatory risks are any risks from not following rules and regulations set in place by administrative or regulatory agencies. The regulatory agency that directly affects Alumina Inc. is the Environmental Protection Agency, when Alumina Inc. contaminated the water they violated the Clean Water Act and Environmental Protection Agency regulations (Cheeseman, 2010, p. 707). A tort risk specific to Alumina Inc. revolves around the possibility of disease from contaminated water. There is a fear for the health of people in the future and a fear of damage to the environment and the ecological...
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...Recognizing and Minimizing Tort and Regulatory Risk Plan Environmental Regulation is perhaps the most stringent area of government’s regulation in business. The government imposes great technology investment demands on the industry for regulatory compliance. One single act of irresponsibility can cost businesses greatly or be forced to close (Business Regulation Simulation, 2009). It is important to identify, manage, and correct torts and regulatory risks for Alumina, Inc. so legal issues do not arise in the future. Alumina, Inc. is a $4 billion dollar USA-based industry leader in Aluminum making. They operated in eight countries around the world. The US accounts for seventy percent of its sales. Their business interests are in: automotive components, manufacturer of packaging materials, and aluminum smelting. Alumina falls under jurisdiction of Region 6 of the EPA. A tort is the French word for a “wrong.” The law provides remedies to persons and businesses that are injured by the tortuous actions of others (Cheesman, 2010). Kelly Bates claims Alumina did not comply with the Environmental Protection Agency (EPA) legal limit of producing PHA. The drinking water in Lake Dira was found to be unsafe, which caused leukemia in her 10 year old daughter. The plaintiff has filed a million dollar personal injury lawsuit against Alumina to recover punitive damages (Business Regulation Simulation, 2009). Two of the possible tort violations in this simulation...
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...1) Contrast liability in torts with contractual liability 3 (3.2) Explain the nature of liability in negligence & (3.3) Explain how a business can be vicariously liable 4 (4.1) Apply the elements of the tort of negligence and defences in the above different business situations for the legal officer who is assigned to VJSC & (4.2) Apply the elements of vicarious liability in above different business situations for the legal officer who is assigned to VJSC 8 Conclusion 11 References 12 Introduction Law plays important roles to protect benefits, obligations and bringing fair for everybody in society. This report gives information about tortuous liability, contractual liability, vicarious liability, the tort of negligence and defences. After that, I can determine liability of person who is responsible when violations as well as providing advices for the legal problems in business of VJSC. (3.1) Contrast liability in torts with contractual liability * Tortuous liability will be applied when occurs the law violation of civil nature that infringes on the rights and legal interests of others as a legal entity or individual. In addition, the rights and legal interests are not specified in the contract between the parties. * Contractual liability is the parties sign in the contract based on satisfy about agreement, negotiation and terms of contract. They are completely voluntary to enter into a contract and having contractual liability each other. ...
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...ERM Paper - Learning Team D ERM Paper - Learning Team D Maintaining effective and compliant business practices is an important part of any management strategy. As shown in the Business Regulation simulation; even one instance of increased liability can cause long-term concerns for a business. Each violation or perceived violation can open the business to questions of negligence and both legal and financial responsibility. To minimize these instances and create a business that has limited liability concerns it is important that management creates and maintains an effective risk management model for the business. Using the simulation provided, our team has identified legal issues and tort violations presented in this scenario, defined a process for managing risk factors, and identified relevant factors in determining what steps to take after a violation occurred. Legal Issues and Principles In the scenario presented Alumina had one Environmental Protection Agency (EPA) violation five years earlier for unacceptable levels of polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs) found in nearby Lake Dira. This contamination was found to have occurred as a direct effect of Alumina’s refining operations. PAHs are carcinogenic chemicals released during refining activities as “suspended particulate matter in the air” (Breast Cancer Fund, n.d.). The company complied fully with the EPA’s order to clean up the contamination as evidenced by a subsequent agency audit. As stated...
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...Recognizing and Minimizing Tort and Regulatory Risk Plan The key to an effective operating a business is proper management and preventive measures to limit the organizations tort liability. Tort liability and risk management has to be dealt within the day to day business of many organizations. Alumina tort liability and regulatory risk will be identified and a successful business plan will be designed to manage. Each liability for all detection, corrective, and prevention measures will be described. The plan will identify Alumina’s best course of action to reduce tort liability and expected results for risk management. Five years ago, Alumina had a liability that brought an action against the company. Due to previous lawsuits and recent complaints which revealed potential risks, the company has current tort liabilities. The list of tort liabilities and regulatory risks consist of the First Amendment, Defamation, and Freedom of Information Act. When compared to Alumina’s prior and current liabilities these risks are the most impacting. The company had to deal with accusations that the local water supply was still being polluted. Five years ago, the company was found guilty of the charges from a different case. The company has correct the issues and made the changes are in line with federal regulations. The company’s current accusation is founded to be unfounded defamation against the company. Public perception will be a motivator since the claim is originated in...
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...Alumina and BP Introduction Running a business does not come without the existence of liability risk and legal issues. The question posed is what are the liability risks that could lead to legal issues and how will such issues be handled. When legal issues are present in the business sector due to liability issues, more likely than not, others are affected both directly and indirectly by the situation. How the situations are resolved depends upon those involved and the complaint. BP and Alumina have faced such issues and, as discussed below, have had to resolve the issues present within their companies through legal processes. Legal Issues and Principles Present BP The impact of the BP oil spill of 2011 will be felt by residents of Louisiana, Mississippi, Alabama, Florida, and Texas for years to come. The effects of this devastating incident in the Gulf of Mexico disrupted the way of life for many individuals in that region. The Deepwater Horizon drilling rig exploded dumping an estimated total of five million barrels of oil into the Gulf this was the worst oil spill in history (Goguen, 2012). The legal issues that arise from this tragedy consist of economic loss, environmental damages, property damage, emotional distress, and exposure to harmful substances. According to Goguen (2012), “Thousands of businesses and workers in the Gulf region have filed lawsuits against BP, seeking repayment for profits and income that were lost because of the oil spill. These plaintiffs...
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...Environmental Regulation is perhaps the most stringent area of government’s regulation in business. The government imposes great technology investment demands on the industry for regulatory compliance. One single act of irresponsibility can cost businesses greatly or be forced to close (Business Regulation Simulation, 2009). It is important to identify, manage, and correct torts and regulatory risks for Alumina, Inc. so legal issues do not arise in the future. Alumina, Inc. is a $4 billion dollar USA-based industry leader in Aluminum making. They operated in eight countries around the world. The US accounts for seventy percent of its sales. Their business interests are in: automotive components, manufacturer of packaging materials, and aluminum smelting. Alumina falls under jurisdiction of Region 6 of the EPA. A tort is the French word for a “wrong.” The law provides remedies to persons and businesses that are injured by the tortuous actions of others (Cheesman, 2010). Kelly Bates claims Alumina did not comply with the Environmental Protection Agency (EPA) legal limit of producing PHA. The drinking water in Lake Dira was found to be unsafe, which caused leukemia in her 10 year old daughter. The plaintiff has filed a million dollar personal injury lawsuit against Alumina to recover punitive damages (Business Regulation Simulation, 2009). Two of the possible tort violations in this simulation are negligence and liability. The potential for negligence in this case must...
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...,2 Recognizing and Minimizing Tort Paper Jorge A Cuellar University of Phoenix LAW/531 Business Law November 08, 2010 Loi-Natalie Laing, Esq. Recognizing and Minimizing Tort Paper Alumina Inc. is a company that makes aluminum automotive components and manufacturers all packaging materials like bauxite mining, alumina refining, and aluminum smelting. The company uses some chemicals that are necessary for the process and these chemicals contain and produce carcinogen effluents that can affect the environment and the people’s health in certain ways. The company is locating near to a lake and a small town, therefore the environmental regulations are very strictly in order to prevent any type of contamination that could affect the wildlife and the people surrounding the company. It is necessary to implement an operational system that will control and minimize the impact of the company’s waste toward the environment. The purpose of this paper is to recognize and minimize tort and regulatory risk plan for a company such as Alumina Inc. and explain how regulatory risks may be identified and managed through preventive, detective, and corrective measures. This plan has to be implemented according to the process and the technology employs within the company, in order to be efficiently and at the same time comply with the purpose of protecting the environment and meet the governmental regulations. Tort law imposes a duty on persons and businesses agents to prevent intentional...
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...9 March 2013 ERM PAPER: ASSIGNMENT 2: Identify potential tort risks that were addressed the simulation .Classify the type of each of these torts, such as negligence, strict liability, and so on. Identify a tort violation from the simulation. Then use the 7- step process as defined in the Harb article to apply the risk management to mitigate the business risk associated with that violation. The business regulation simulation presented involves Alumina Inc. aluminum maker, operating in 8 countries. Alumina was reported to be in violation of environmental discharge norms in a routine EPA compliance evaluation inspection 5 years ago. The company corrected the violation and has enjoyed overall environmental regulation compliance record. This paper will identify potential torts resulting from this violation and utilizing the 7 Step Process. Torts: Negligence: The Company failed to follow the environmental discharge. Another tort that would have resulted in litigation would be liability with Alumina, Inc. The managers trying to handle the situation may decide to test for further PAH violations. With a liability tort management should seek some kind of mediation for damages toward the Bates family through AAA (American Arbitration Association). Harb Process: 1. Management Commitment- Risk Management effectiveness: The Company (ALUMINA) must commit in developing and managing the ERM process. Promoting and integrating the benefits of ERM can be beneficial to Alumina as first step...
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