...GREGORY VII (Hildebrand) (Pope, 1073-85). He was born in Tuscany about 1020, perhaps at Soana, a village of the southern border. His family belonged to the plebeian class. Although nothing of his remoter ancestry is known, his family name, Hildebrand, would imply a Teutonic descent; but by birth and education at least he was Italian. His youth was passed in Rome, in the monastery of St. Mary, on the Aventine, of which his uncle was abbot, and he probably took monastic vows. The Emperor Henry III took him to Germany, and he continued his studies in Cologne. Very likely he also visited Aix-la-Chapelle and Cluny. He attended the council at Worms at which Bishop Bruno of Toul was chosen Pope (Leo IX), and the latter took him to Rome (1049) and made him a cardinal subdeacon. He had great influence during the pontificate of Leo. On the latter's death (1054) the Roman people manifested a desire to have Hildebrand as successor; but this honor he declined, preferring to gain more experience. Besides important domestic employments which were assigned to him, he was sent as legate to the Council of Tours (1054), in which the cause of Berengarius was examined. (See BERFEGARIUS of TOURS.) He was likewise one of the three legates dispatched to Germany to consult about a successor to Leo IX. Under the four popes who followed Leo--Victor II, Stephen IX, Benedict X, and Alexander II, known in history as the German popes--Hildebrand continued to be the predominant. Power and inspired into their...
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...today. They have caused many dissentions throughout the centuries following the rise of the Papacy. The historical beginnings of the Papacy are somewhat hard to uncover. Due to the decline in power of the Western Emperor, the Bishop of Rome, or Pope, became the primary political leader of Italy. The word “pope” is derived from the term pappa, which originated in the ancient colloquial Greek as an endearing term for “father.” It was a common title applied to most of the Eastern clergy. However, in the West the term was only common in Rome and in the later eleventh century was made the official title for the Bishop of Rome by Gregory VII. The term “papacy” (papatus), meant to distinguish the Roman bishop’s office from all other bishoprics (episcopates), also originated in the later eleventh century. However, this position was more than just a political position. The papacy was a unique sort of monarchy in that it claimed jurisdiction in both spiritual and temporal affairs. The first three and a half centuries of papal history have left remarkably little record. Whether or not the Patrimonial origins of Peter can be confirmed, most scholars agree that Peter did visit Rome and most likely died there. But the claim of the early Popes of Rome was that they were direct successors to the apostolic faith. This originated...
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...very influential in this time period such as; Charlemagne being crowned Emperor of the Holy Roman Empire, church participation in feudalism, lay investiture, simony, and finally the Concordat of Worms. These topics are the major factors that outline the evolution of church and state relations so their effects will be discussed in great detail throughout this paper. Charles Augustus being crowned emperor by Pope Leo III most definitely marks the beginning of church relations in the given time period. Charles Augustus along with many previous Frankish rulers had constantly fought for the Christian church, preserving it throughout its many vulnerable time periods. Charles Martel held back the Muslim invasion while Peppin had succeeded in subduing the Lombards. Charles Augustus only continued the French’s support of the Christian church by conquering many German tribes, and then converting them to Christianity. All the while Augustus also had enforced a tithe, or 10% tax on the income of all Christians to benefit church properties and support them materially. Pope Leo III crowning Augustus also showed the Rome's independence from the Greeks in Constantinople. Since the days of Constantine things had changed extremely, the eastern part of the Roman Empire had greatly increased...
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...Saint Philip Neri was born in Florence, Italy, in the year 1515. He was the oldest son of Francis Neri and Lucretia Soldi, both descendants of Tuscan families. He was kind hearted as a kid and soon became known as Philip the Good - "the good Pippo." As a child, he studied philosophy and later he took a comprehensive course in theology. With fourteen companions, he created the Confraternity of the Most Holy Trinity for looking after pilgrims and convalescents. The members met for Communion, prayer and other spiritualexercises in the Church of San Salvatore, and Philip himself introduced theidea of having exposition of the Blessed Sacrament at least once a month.At these devotions, Philip preached, even though he had not yet become apriest. In 1550, he transferred this Confraternity to the Church of the Holy Trinity, and built a new hospital. His work continued and in 1551, he was ordained a priest at the age of thirty-six. As a newly ordained priest, Philip continued his spiritual conferences toever-increasing numbers, who came seeking his guidance and help. In a short time, several priests and young clergymen associated themselves with him. They began to aid him with his conferences and in reading prayers and meditations to the people of the Church of the Holy Trinity. This small group soon became known as an Oratory, because at certain hours each day,they would gather the people together for prayer and meditation. Therefore they laid the foundation of a new religious society...
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...in the world. This research proposal will try to capture the scenario and history of expansion of missions through the centuries. From a large part of eastern Mediterranean known as Levant originated Christianity and after a journey of extensively long passage of Jerusalem, Assyria and Egypt (to name a few), it had been adapted as the official religion in Armenia, Georgia, Aksumite Empire and Roman Empire successively. Missions bore the extensive responsibility of spreading Christianity in the colonies of European countries such as England, France, and Spain etc. but, the largest empire of the world, England was itself a pagan nation and converted into Christianity by the eighth century as the result of the mission in 597 AD led by Pope Gregory I. Missions were very influential in teaching values among the tribes and aboriginals of Africa, America and India. Most importantly, it is still an ongoing process may be the nature of process has changed. Previously, by the colonialists missions were used as a tool to expand the boundaries of colonies along with making the inhabitants enslave. Over the centuries, many people have adapted the life of missions...
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...Conflicts between secular and non-secular leaders continued through the middle ages into modern times through arguments over who really has control such as the Van Orden vs Perry Supreme Court Case and arguments between leaders such as Pope Gregory II and King Henry IV. Pope Gregory stated made a series of statement in the Dictatus Papae that angered many secular leaders, particularly Henry IV. Pope Gregory stated,” ... the church was founded by God alone. The Roman pontiff alone can be called universal. He alone can depose or reinstate bishops. It may be permitted to him to depose emperors.” This angered many non-secular leaders, because if the Pope had the ability to depose (remove) or reinstate (bring back) the Pope frightened the Secular leaders such as Kings, because they could be...
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