When it comes to population density it is really just the ratio of the people to a size of the area. This is figured out by the number of people dividing it by the area that they are occupying. When the last Census happened the USA had over 70 people with in the square mile. (Xpeditions, 2008). When you take into consideration of people, you have noise, and the privacy is decreased, and people become very irritable. When the population goes up, the noise that the people are producing goes up. This means that more and more people tend to spread outward to the more quiet areas, causing those areas to become denser than they were before.
When it comes to the word noise, this is really just unwanted sound. There is loudness that is measured with the decibel scale. The higher the decibel the more “Noise” the more it can damage the ear or even irritate the person. When a person is living in an over-populated area they have a lot of things in the area that can cause the noise pollution. There are cars, trains, music, traffic, and of course other people. Each person is different on how they perceive of what noise is. What might be noise to one person may not be considered noise to the other person. There is one constant though. The higher the decibel the more damage it can do to the person and cause permanent hearing loss. Persons who are living in a high noise polluted area are also affected by it both psychological and the physiological damage. This can affect the person with the social behavior, or even cause long term damage to the person physically. When it comes to the noise pollution there have been regulations put in place to help reduce and help environment become better.
There have been new ways to help reduce the noise pollution. There are some companies that are using computers to help reduce the noise by creating the opposing sound waves to help cancel out the existing sound waves so that the noise is just canceled out. (Arkkelin & Veitch, 1995). This is the most effective when the noise is more repetitive and it’s easier to reduce this type of noise because the sound waves are constant and always there. Take for example when you are in an airplane the pilots are using helmets that let them hear the talk from the ground and each other. This is because the helmets help absorb the outside sound waves. When a person is recording a new record for a music company they are using sound deadening materials. This is to help cancel the outside noise so that the person has just their music on the CD and not the outside world.
When it comes to the personal space of person this is again how the person perceives it. When it comes to the territory of person this is really falling into three main categories. There is the Primary, Secondary, and then the public. When it comes to the primary this is the by the person only, the secondary is the territories that are not done by person they are rented. Then finally there is the Public. This is where they are owned publicly. For examples of all three are as follows, privately: a house you are owning. You own this house this house is yours and no one else is living in the house. Secondary: You are renting out a house and someone is paying you rent to live there. Public: You go to a fast food restaurant to eat and enjoy your meal.
When it comes to the privacy there again different levels of this with each level of territories, when it comes private you are alone. Secondary you are sharing with someone or a group of people. Public, you are in a public place and there is always someone around and you are not alone at any one moment in time.
When it comes personal space, this has been preprogrammed in the brain. This comes from deep in the brain from an almond shaped structure called the amygdalae. This controls the emotions, fear, and it also controls the fight or flight. This helps control a person from when a person gets way to close to you that you don’t reach out to them and slap them. Personal space is the space that is mobile its yourself and the personal bubble that you have set where a person can get close, or even to close if that fact happens. There are many different types or close spots of personal space that a person can define. The first one is usually up to about 18 inches. Then there is up to 48 inches, and then there is the social distance with is up to about 12 feet. Each person has their own distance where they consider uncomfortable to that person. A person can be on a deserted island with another person and still feel like the other person is invading their space. A person can go to a concert and still feel like their personal space is not being in jeopardy. Personal space is all in the person and how they perceive it.
When it comes to the environment this is how people live and this is formed by the people that are living in it. The number of people that are living in are can change the way the people react in it. As the population does increase this does change on how the people do see their concepts of territory. As the population changes the noise becomes more and more, and the persons sense of personal space becomes less and less. With nature people are being more and more attracted to it. The more the cities do grow the more the people are running to the outskirts of towns and spending more time in nature. People think that if you spend more time in nature this well help the person become more in touch with themselves and this will help them become a better person, a healthier person. Nature helps the person restore the stress levels, helps the person improve their well-being. It is almost like in a desert a lake is providing life sustaining water to the animals that live there.
When it comes to the ecosystem and the city ecosystem they tend to work on the rules as farm or even forest. They all run on some sort of energy. There is a small part of energy that is always usable. This is coming from the earth. This is the radioactive geothermal energy. This is mostly provided by the sun. The other form of energy is done by fossil fuels. As with any animal kingdom there is a hierarchy to where there is a pecking order of where everyone stands. Cities were first done in small patches that were done in the wilderness. Now they are everywhere and the influence is felt worldwide. We as a human have become adaptable to the ways of the world today. When we think about how the cities are expanding we simply say that is progress that’s what is supposed to happen. But what happens to the person when they have enough of the city? They start to become sick, mentally unstable, they need to then get back to the simpler ways to restore the mind and body.
When it comes the impression of the population and the population density the noise is increasing and the privacy is decreasing. To reduce the noise we need to start applying sound deadening materials to help reduce the noise pollution that is happening in the big cities and even in the smaller towns. The territory is really making a personal that is regulated by a person to be private, secondary, and public. Personal space is how the person perceives it. This is space the person needs to be comfortable. Privacy is more the regulation of exposure of the person to others. This becomes important when the population becomes more and more.

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Roger S. Ulrich*, Robert F. Simons†, Barbara D. Losito†, Evelyn Fiorito†, Mark A. Miles†, Michael Zelson†
* College of Architecture, Texas A & M University, College Station, Texas 77843-3137, USA
† Department of Psychology, University of Delaware, Newark, Delaware,