...TOPIC: POPULATION GROWTH RATE: INTRODUCTION: Population growth rate: Population growth rate is the Rate at which the number of individuals in a population increases in each time period. Population Growth Rate can be Calculated by the given formula (birth-rate+immigration) - (death-rate+emigration) Population growth rate has three types pyramids: Expansive population pyramid. This type of population pyramid has usually high fertility rates and lower life expectancies. And many third world countries have this type of population pyramid. e.g.: Afghanistan, Ethiopia. Constrictive population pyramid. In this type of population pyramid ratio of the younger people are comparatively less. This pyramid...
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...of demographic transition theory. The first stage of demographic transition theory is the preindustrial, agrarian stage. In this society they have high birth rates because of the economic value of children as labor meanwhile they also have high death rates due to the low living standards and lack of medical technology. The second stage is the onset of industrialization in which death rates began to fall due to greater food supplies, yet birth rates remain high causing a rapid population growth. In the third stage, a mature industrial society, the higher standard of living makes raising children expensive and without the need for cheap child labor children become a liability so birth rates drop along with the continued drop in death rates. The postindustrial society stage is where demographic transition completes, dual income families with few children become the norm and death rates remain steady causing a slow population growth or a decline. In this theory it is easy to see how a society’s population is linked to its technological development. 2. Explain what you think the urban ecology theories and the urban political economy theory teach us about cities. Urban ecology theory explains that the first cities emerged in fertile farmlands where the agrarian society’s lived, then as the societies became more concerned with defense they found natural landscapes to protect their cities such as mountains or rivers. Rivers and harbors later became even more important as a means...
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...WEEK 8 Discuss the similarities and differences between the Mesopotamian ziggurat and the Egyptian pyramid both in style and function. Man has a tendency to build large monumental things, not only today, but also during our ancient past. The Sumerians and the Egyptians are two cultures, from our past, that have accomplished these feats. The Sumerian ziggurats and Egyptian pyramids have some similarities and differences. The ziggurats and the pyramids have some similarities. They are both examples of the massive structures that were built in support of their cultural or religious beliefs. They were both built with a great deal of manpower with no use of any big machinery that we are familiar with today. Their society's leaders commissioned in building these massive structures were: the king of the Sumerian civilization for the ziggurats and the pharaoh of the Egyptian civilization for the pyramids. Their similarities pretty much ends here. At a closer look, the ziggurats and the pyramid had many differences. The pharaohs, in preparation for his death, built the pyramids as place for his tomb and his priced possessions and servers (to ensure that his needs are met in the afterlife) and also for his queen. It is said that the pharaoh ruled in the authority of the God and that the pyramid would help him ascend to the Gods. The Sumerian king had the ziggurats built for use as a place for worship, like a temple, for the Sumerian society. One story also suggest that...
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...Harvard Management Communication Letter A Newsletter from Harvard Business School Publishing Tools, Techniques, and Ideas for the Articulate Executive Article Reprint No. C0504C The Best Memo You’ll Ever Write by Holly Weeks This document is authorized for use by Ethan Beldengreen-Karas, from 8/30/2012 to 12/1/2012, in the course: BUS 365: Communication and Professional Development - Epstein/Graves (Fall 2012), Emory University. Any unauthorized use or reproduction of this document is strictly prohibited. For a complete list of Harvard Business School Publishing newsletters: http://newsletters.harvardbusinessonline.org For reprint and subscription information for Harvard Management Communication Letter: Call 800-988-0866 or 617-783-7500 http://hmcl.harvardbusinessonline.org For customized and quantity orders of reprints: Call 617-783-7626 Fax 617-783-7658 For permission to copy or republish: Call 12/1/2012, in the This document is authorized for use by Ethan Beldengreen-Karas, from 8/30/2012 to 617-783-7587 course: BUS 365: Communication and Professional Development - Epstein/Graves (Fall 2012), Emory University. Any unauthorized use or reproduction of this document is strictly prohibited. Writing The Best Memo You’ll Ever Write Every memo—or report or e-mail—is important in today’s business environment. If you keep in mind that readers are content driven, time pressed, and decision focused, you can write right—every time. by...
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...1. In this assignment we will evaluate settings for events with common characteristics between the periods of ancient civilizations, Paleolithic, and Neolithic to Egyptian civilization. What we are looking for are changes in these cultures, if any, how and why did the change occur and what may have triggered them. As a civilization progresses and evolves they bring with them common characteristics from their predecessors. Some of these characteristics are government, economy, food and supplies, social equality, and religion. The Paleolithic were among the first to inhabit the regions of Western Europe stretching to Egypt. They were also the first to adapt to the land, hunt and gathered, and also experimented with art, textures, and colors. The Paleolithic didn’t have a form of government more of a tribe family which were ruled by the male and differed from city to city. They also didn’t have an economic system or a way to trade goods. However they were among the many to learn how to evolve their weapons into more effective ways to hunt. The Neolithic civilization carried these same common characteristics, but evolved it and organized it a lot better. There form of government was evolved into a chief and council system. Hunting and gathering was also in existence but were evolved to farming and creating surpluses. Art was also apparent more so in sculptures, textures, and more discovered materials. Also a barter system was established where one could trade their precious items...
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...without the help of machinery. The main reason for this question was because each pyramid was composed of millions of limestone blocks each weighing 25 to 80 tons each and was located on the west side of the Nile. Experts have also talked a lot about the methods by which each block was raised into position. It was theory that wooden and bronze levers were used to move the blocks, a system of ramps, terrestrials or just millions of workers. There was also debate on how did they get these huge stones from the quarries into the middle of the desert. Some archaeologists believed that they used large boats, traveling the Nile or just simply rolled and drug them. I believe the theory of a million of workers is possible but whether they dragged, lifted or even rolled each stone into place is not.The Greeks believed slaves was used, but modern Egyptologists accept that it was thousands of skilled workers. Verner posited that the labor was organized into a hierarchy, consisting of two gangs of 100,000 men, divided into five groups of 20,000 men each, which may have been further divided according to the skills of the workers. So through research I believe these men may have used a system of ramps. Most archaeologists agreed that a system of ramps must have been used to drag the millions of blocks into their positions in the various pyramids. There are traces of these ramps around some of the older pyramids to suggest that at least five different systems of ramp might have been used. The...
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...the ziggurats staircase. • This temple sits on top of the famous Anu Ziggurat. • This particular temple was for the sky god “Anu”. • The temple was entirely white washed as it shining in the sunlight, making it almost impossible to pass by. • Inside the temple were a huge fire pit and a conduit system. Archeologists speculate that the water comes from the temple’s terrace to collect itself on the pit. • Discoveries Inside the temple were some very interesting things found by archeologists. They have discovered lion and leopard bones that were speculated for the offerings to the gods. Also they have discovered ritual objects and bones that were buried. Religious Beliefs • Ziggurat’s building period took more extensive time than Egypt’s pyramids. From the third millennium to 600 BC, Mesopotamia’s tradition remained longer because they represent their Gods and were a symbolic trademark for the Mesopotamian civilizations. • Mesopotamia’s temples were very valuable for its nations because it serves as an interaction between their people and their worshipped deities. Ziggurats were very important to its ancestors, as these structures connected communities together. These nations believed that their gods rested high up in the sky and they believed that this monumental temple of theirs connected Heaven and Earth to communicate with them. Their temples represent their God’s power. • They assumed that the higher the ziggurat was, the closer they were to their gods and that rested in...
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...Djoser, the first ruler of the 3rd dynasty laid down the groundwork for construction of the Real Pyramids. It all began with the mastaba, “single-story square-block structures made of mud brick” (Feder 2014:251) that served as the resting place for pharaohs, from the mastabas evolved the stepped pyramid and mud brick evolved into stone. Through the process of trial and error The Old Kingdom was able to build the Great Pyramids at Giza. One of the great pyramids that was built for the Pharaoh Khufu, estimated about 2,300,000 stones, each stone weighing about 2.5 tons. Through the construction of the pyramids Egyptian civilization was able to thrive as a solidified state until being conquered and becoming apart of the Roman Empire in 30 BC. How...
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...Taylor P Ancient Architecture Functions of Ancient Monuments Ancient monuments have been discovered to be a prominent feature of many different ancient civilizations throughout history. The most elaborate and well known ancient buildings are the pyramids and the ziggurats of Egypt, Mesopotamia, and Mesoamerica. The construction of these massive monuments began sometime during the fourth millennium BC and to this day many can still be seen. Although believed by most to serve a particular religious function, historians are still trying to discover the exact purpose of these breathtaking feats of architecture. However, through the vast studies of archaeology, enough information has been acquired to make some valid theories. The first civilization to construct a massive architectural project was the Egyptians with their construction of the pyramids. It is believed that the Egyptian civilization began around 5500 BC and then began to flourish as a result of new innovations in agriculture and the abundance of natural resources around the Nile. Over time, Egyptians made great achievements in mathematics, writing, astronomy, medicine, engineering, and architecture. This played a huge part in the progression of Egypt into a powerful and influential civilization. In addition to these achievements, the significance of religion was another extremely important factor that allowed the Egyptian civilization to thrive. Egyptians practiced polytheism. In their religion, not only were...
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...Fortune at the bottom of pyramid Procter & Gamble Company The Fortune at the bottom of pyramid Procter & Gamble Company According to Pervez, Maritz and Waal (2013), recently when poverty continues to be one of the global key issues and also one of the biggest challenges facing the society at large, the solutions to alleviate the continuing economic misery have become increasingly popular. The release of new theory called “Bottom of the Pyramid”, which is also known as “base of the pyramid”, by Prahalad and Hart has helped figure a new way of thinking about the intersection of business strategy and poverty alleviation (London & Anupindi, 2012). However, it does not seem like the business will always be profitable when doing the expansion to the low-income market, the challenges facing to the businesses also arise. This paper is to describe and discuss in-depth the Bottom of the Pyramid concept and also to go through the approach to the BoP venture that the selected company, Procter & Gamble, has undertaken in their business strategy in the Chinese market. Dinica & Motteau (2012) stated that: "The distribution of money in the world looks like a pyramid". The “bottom of the pyramid” concept mentions that not too many people could earn a lot at the top of the pyramid but a big amount of people who are poor at the bottom of the pyramid. It is estimated that approximately four billion people that make up two-third of the world’s population listed in the poorest...
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...not be reported as representing the views of the IMF. The views expressed in this Working Paper are those of the author(s) and do not necessarily represent those of the IMF or IMF policy. Working Papers describe research in progress by the author(s) and are published to elicit comments and to further debate. In several Caribbean states, unregulated investment schemes grew quickly in recent years by claiming unusually high monthly returns and through a system of referrals by existing members. These are features shared with traditional Ponzi schemes and pyramid schemes. This paper describes the growth of such schemes, their subsequent collapse, and the policy response of regulators, and presents key policy lessons. The analysis and recommendations draw on country experiences in the Caribbean, and in such diverse countries as the United States, Colombia, Lesotho, and Albania. JEL Classification Numbers: G18 Keywords: Pyramid schemes, Ponzi schemes, Caribbean Authors’ E-Mail Addresses: acarvajal@imf.org; hmonroe@imf.org; cpattillo@imf.org; bwynter@imf.org 2 Contents Page I. Introduction ............................................................................................................................3 II. Background ...........................................................................................................................4 III. Unregulated Investment Schemes in the Caribbean...
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...Companies can Make Fortune at the Bottom of the Pyramid Rajesh N. Kumar James Cook University Table of Contents Executive Summary 3 Background 4 Introduction 4 What is the BoP Strategy 6 What is the Driver for MNCs to Focus on BoP Market 9 Is There a Buying Potential at the BoP 9 Behavior of Consumers in Asian Market 10 Sector With Highest Potential of Business in BoP Market 11 Recommendation 12 How to Approach the BoP Community - Innovation 14 Implement Innovative Approach to tap BoP Market 15 References 16 Appendix A 17 Appendix B 18 Executive Summary This report explores published journals, blogs and books around The Bottom of the Pyramid (BoP) being the breakthrough in the Strategy for businesses across segment and analyse what steps would lead to success through the journey of business around the 4 billion population existing in the bottom of the pyramid layer. Methods of analysis include statistical and market trend, and ratios of performance. Main area of focus is Asian market through the report as they account to 3/4th of the population residing in the bottom of the Pyramid, given the uniqueness of this region around culture, market behavior, people mentality and social dynamics. Gaining that knowledge would become important to have a break through into this market and ensure it’s a sustainable business...
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...1)What does the study of humanities involve? What is the relevance of humanities in architecture? 1.The study of humanities involves academic disciplines that study human culture and history. The humanities include ancient and modern languages ,literature, philosophy, religion, and visual and performing arts such as music and theatre. We learn about distant cultures or past cultures. Through the exploration of humanities we learn how to think creatively and critically to reason and ask questions. These efforts preserve the great accomplishments of the past help us understand the world we live in and give us tools to imagine the future. 2.What are the broad divisions of human history? Write a brief on each. Prehistory (meaning "before history", or "before knowledge acquired by investigation", from the Latin word for "before," præ, and historia) is the span of time before recorded history or the invention of writing systems. Prehistory refers to the period of human existence before the availability of those written records with which recorded history begins. More broadly, it can refer to all the time preceding human existence and the invention. The term "prehistory" can refer to the vast span of time since the beginning of the Universe, but more often it refers to the period since life appeared on Earth, or even more specifically to the time since human-like beings appeared.[4][5] In dividing up human prehistory, prehistorians typically use the three-age system, whereas scholars...
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...the World Population Data Sheet, the CIA World Factbook https://www.cia.gov/library/publications/the-world-factbook/,Census Bureau or other sources to get recent data for the country you selected. Be sure to properly list the citation for these data below. 1. Country: India Population: 1,156,897,766 (year July 2009) 2. Capital City: New Delhi (Population: 11,680,000 (year 2001) 3. Land Area: a. Total: 3,287,263 sq km b. Land: 2,973,193 sq km 4. Water: 314,070 sq km 5. Official Language(s): Hindi 41%, Bengali 8.1%, Telugu 7.2%, Marathi 7%, Tamil 5.9%, Urdu 5%, Gujarati 4.5%, Kannada 3.7%, Malayalam 3.2%, Oriya 3.2%, Punjabi 2.8%, Assamese 1.3%, Maithili 1.2%, other 5.9% 6. Major Ethnic Groups Hindi 41%, Bengali 8.1%, Telugu 7.2%, Marathi 7%, Tamil 5.9%, Urdu 5%, Gujarati 4.5%, Kannada 3.7%, Malayalam 3.2%, Oriya 3.2%, Punjabi 2.8%, Assamese 1.3%, Maithili 1.2%, other 5.9% 7. Religions: Hindu 80.5%, Muslim 13.4%, Christian 2.3%, Sikh 1.9%, other 1.8%, unspecified 0.1% (2001 census) 8. Type of Government: Federal Republic 9. Chief of State: President Pratibha PATIL (since 25 July 2007); Vice President Hamid ANSARI (since 11 August 2007) 10. Literacy Rate: 2001 (year) a. Total: 61% of total population b. Male: 73.4% c. Female: 47.8% d. Illicit Drugs: 11. GDP PPP: $3.548 Trillion (2009) GNI PPP per capita $ 2960 (year) 2009 12. Midyear Population 1,171 in...
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...from the title the author also used several instruments to abdicate the boy’s personal legend. And the most important instrument that he used is the boy’s dream. The boy’s dream inside an abandoned church where there was an enormous sycamore that grew where the sacristy was. The boy’s revelation of his dream to the interpreter goes like this: “I had the same dream twice; I was in the field with my sheep, when a child appeared and began to play with the animals. I don’t like people to do that, because the sheep are afraid of strangers. But children always seem to be able to play without frightening them. The child continued to play with my sheep for quite a while and suddenly the child took my both hands and transported me to the Egyptian pyramids. Then the child said to me, ‘if you come here you will find a treasure’ and just as she was about to show me the exact location I woke up both times.” Well this is a hint of what the boy’s Legend is all about. One of the fundamentals of a good novel is its...
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