...Alajbegovi, A., Djelilovic-Vranic, J., Alajbegovic, S., Nakicevic, A., Todorovic, L, and Tiric-Campara, M. (2014). Post stroke depression. Medarh. doi:10.5455/medarh.2014.68.47.50 Cheng, S., Zhao, Y., Li, J., Chen, X., Wang, R., & Zeng, J. (2014). Plasma levels of glutamate during stroke is associated with development of post-stroke depression. Psychoneuroendocrinology. Retrieved from > http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.psyneuen. 2014.05.006 Hadidi, N., Treat-Jacobson, D., & Lindquist, R. (2009). Poststroke depression and functional outcome: A critical review of literature. Heart and Lung. Doi: 10.1016/J.hrtlng. 2008.05.002 Llorca, G., Castilla-Guerra, L, Moreno, M.C., Doblado, S., & Hernandez J. (2014). Post-stroke depression: an update....
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...Current Communication Treatments for Post-Stroke Patients Robbi Barnett West Texas A&M University Current Communication Treatments for Post-Stroke Patients According to the American Heart Association and American Stroke Association (2014), stroke is the leading cause of disability, causing 1 out of every 20 deaths in the U.S. each year. Stroke is defined as a breakup of the blood supply to the brain, usually caused by a blood clot or embolus (Dark & Sander, 2014). There are two main types of stroke, the first is ischemic, caused by a blood clot blocking a cerebral artery. The second type is hemorrhagic, which is caused by a bleeding vessel into the brain. The left hemisphere of the brain has many functions that are critical to the field of speech-language pathology. The ability to produce speech and language resides on the left side of the brain. Brain damage in this area will disrupt the individual’s ability to use their language to communicate to others. Lesions to the right hemisphere of the brain can affect the emotional comprehension of language, such as...
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...days post stroke and has been on rehabilitation ward for 1 week, education should have been provided to her and her family. As the acute and subacute phase of stroke are stressful and emotional for patients and their family, education provided in these stage should be brief and reinforced through repetition (Woodson, 2014). Therefore, we will split the education into 2 sessions, and firstly we will re-educate her on stroke, its impacts, proper handling for her shoulder and discourage her learned non-use. As she presents with a moderate to severe hemiparesis and some weakness around her shoulder, she is at risk of developing a subluxed shoulder. We will educate all staff, Samantha and her family on proper manual handling and positioning to minimise trauma to the shoulder and to prevent shoulder subluxation.(National Stroke Foundations, 2010). Samantha’s attempt on not to use her affected arm has to be discouraged. Learned non-use of the hemiparetic limb could lead to poorer...
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...Quantitative analysis of fatigue after stroke: The patient’s perspective Gwendoline Bungansa NRS 433-0501 Grand Canyon University Phoenix Arizona July, 17 2016 Introduction Waking up to a new normal is how a stroke patient describes his experience after a stroke. A stroke is a brain attack which happens when part of the brain is being deprived of blood supply. Stroke is not planned hence, stroke survival face varied problems as a result of the stroke incident. Fatigue is a common problem post stroke and though people experience fatigue prior to a cardiovascular accident, the fatigue post stroke as reported by patients is different. Post stroke fatigue is not related to energy exhaustion from being active (www.stroke.org.). Barbour and Mead’s research is praised for their methodology in protecting human participants, data collection, data management and analysis, and discussion of finding in an investigation of patients’ perspective of fatigue post stroke. Problem and Purpose Given that stroke patients face varied complication post a cardiovascular accident including fatigue, it was worth investigating if fatigue matter to these patients. It is reported that fatigue is common and depressing for stroke survivors. A survey of 88 patients posts stroke, 68% complaint of fatigue while 40% stated that fatigue was their worst problem post stroke. When another researcher studied 90 stroke survivors, fifty percent of the patient reported that fatigue was their major problem...
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...In the days immediately following a stroke, cardiac issues and cardiac arrest are much more common and more likely to occur. Abnormal heart rhythms known as atrial fibrillation and atrial flutter are particularly very common in stroke patients. With both of these conditions, the upper chambers of the heart -- the atria -- beat quickly, uncontrollably, and unproductively. Atrial fibrillation causes the heart to beat very erratically, meanwhile in contrast, atrial "flutter," causes the rhythm of heart to beat regularly, yet very fast and ineffective. These conditions are considered very dangerous because the upper chambers of the heart are pumping, yet the pumping is in vain. The blood is not being systematically ejected from the heart out...
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...NURSING MANAGEMENT OF A STROKE PATIENT INTRODUCTION Stroke is the only largest cause of adult disability which leaves a devastating and lasting effect on people and their families (DoH, 2007a). The government of the United Kingdom had recognized stroke as a health care priority. Several government agencies developed clinical guidelines which are being implemented today in local health care settings (Williams et al, 2010a). This essay will focus on stroke as the cause of impaired mobility and will tackle on the patient-centered rehabilitation care plan along with its evidence-based rationales. Health and social care policies and its effect on the patient’s chosen journey will also be discussed. PATIENT PROFILE This is a case of a 68 year-old, married female who lives in the south of England. Mrs. G was admitted on 12 October 2010 with a presenting complaint of left-sided weakness. Prior to admission, she experienced persistent pain on the back of the head for 2 days, which was unrelieved by Paracetamol intake. On the morning of admission, she collapsed in the bathroom and was found by the husband after 3 hours. She was brought to the hospital via ambulance and upon initial assessment, no shortness of breath, slurred speech, dizziness, palpitation and chest pain were noted. Her vital signs were as follows: blood pressure of 169/59 mmHg, pulse rate of 80 bpm, respiratory rate of 18 breaths per minute, body temperature of 37.5 degrees...
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...into depth about five different brain injuries that include blood clots, hematomas, concussions, strokes and cerebral edema. Once we have covered brain injuries we discuss the functions of neural plasticity in brain injuries. An important thing that is discussed with neural plasticity is the recovery from a brain injury, what is required during recovery and how long recovery from a brain injury can take. The last thing that is discussed in this paper is the limitations of neural plasticity with brain injuries. Keywords: brain, injuries, plasticity, neural “Each year, traumatic brain injuries (TBI) contribute to a substantial number of deaths and cases of permanent disability. TBI is a contributing factor to a third (30.5%) of all injury-related deaths in the United States.” (cdc.gov) Robert has experienced a traumatic brain injury that is going to affect him for the rest of his life. Brain injuries are serious, and should be treated as such. For some people brain injuries go unnoticed and untreated leaving it to be deadly, but for others it is caught and treated but the healing process is extensive. In this paper we will discuss different kinds of brain injuries, the functions of neural plasticity and the limitations of neural plasticity. Blunt trauma often causes many different types of brain injuries. Some of these injuries are blood clots, hematomas, concussions, strokes and cerebral edema; all of them can damage nerves, neurons and brain tissue. Most of these injuries...
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...Running Head: Physical Activity and Stroke Physical Activity in the Prevention and Treatment of Stroke His/her Name University Name Abstract Researchers and scientists have always favored preventive measures to avoid the conditions which result in undergoing a rigorous treatment. In this view physical activity or fitness training programs have been found having significant effects in the prevention of strokes as well as at post care stage as treatment and a measure of rehabilitation in survivors of cardiac arrests. Further, it has been noted in recently conducted studies that quite a remarkable evidences are discovered in favor of physical activity as therapeutic as well as rehabilitative in nature. Organized physical activity in the form of exercise, tailor made programs according to the needs of the patients at post care stage and fitness training exercise therapy have been found considerably helpful in rehabilitation in the survivors of stroke. In addition, further research is proposed to explore the different types of organized exercise programs according to the physical and mental conditions of survivors and as preventive measures among them. Physical Activity in the Prevention and Treatment of Stroke Cardiac arrest is a one of the growing and leading causes of death around the globe. According to available data, more than 130,000...
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...Coronary Artery Disease. Coronary artery disease is the narrowing or blockage of the coronary arteries, usually caused by atherosclerosis. Atherosclerosis (sometimes called “hardening” or “clogging” of the arteries) is the buildup of cholesterol and fatty deposits (called plaques) on the inner walls of the arteries. These plaques can restrict blood flow to the heart muscle by physically clogging the artery or by causing abnormal artery tone and function. Without an adequate blood supply, the heart becomes starved of oxygen and the vital nutrients it needs to work properly. This can cause chest pain called angina. If blood supply to a portion of the heart muscle is cut off entirely, or if the energy demands of the heart become much greater than its blood supply, a heart attack (injury to the heart muscle) may occur. Your coronary arteries are shaped like hollow tubes through which blood can flow freely. The muscular walls of the coronary arteries are normally smooth and elastic and are lined with a layer of cells called the endothelium. The endothelium provides a physical barrier between the blood stream and the coronary artery walls, while regulating the function of the artery by releasing chemical signals in response to various stimuli. Coronary artery disease starts when you are very young. Before your teen years, the blood vessel walls begin to show streaks of fat. As you get older, the fat builds up, causing slight injury to your blood vessel walls. Other substances traveling...
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...Introduction After a stroke, some people experience pain as well as numbness and tingling in the face, arms, legs, shoulders, or other parts of the body. Headaches are also common. Pain may last for a long time (chronic) after a stroke, or it may come and go. Pain can appear right after a stroke, or it may appear later. What causes pain after a stroke? Damage to the brain and nervous system can cause pain after a stroke. Weakness and inability to move (paralysis) on one side of the body can also cause pain. You may also have pain because of joint stiffness, muscle tightness, and limited movement after a stroke. What is central post-stroke pain? Central post-stroke pain (thalamic pain syndrome) happens because the part of the brain that processes...
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...In Australia, stroke affects approximately 60,000 people per year. In 2012, over 420 000 people were living with the effects of stroke and two-thirds of them needed assistance to carry out their activities of daily living due to resultant disability. Although stroke predominantly affects the elderly, a considerable 30% of these stroke survivors are less than 65 years old and are still within the working age range (National Stroke Foundation, 2013). The benefits of work are plenty. It contributes to one’s identity and purpose and promotes independence and full participation in society (Waddell & Burton, 2006). For stroke survivors, work contributes not only to their financial well-being, but also provides them with a sense of self-fulfilment and opportunities for socialisation (Vestling, Ramel, & Iwarsson, 2013). Returning to work is closely associated with better life satisfaction post stroke (Vestling, Tufvesson, & Iwarsson, 2003), and has been identified by stroke survivors as a significant indication of recovery after stroke (Alaszewski, Alaszewski, Potter, & Penhale, 2007). This paper seeks to provide an understanding of the effects of stroke on one’s ability to return to work. The author also endeavours to explore other factors that can influence a stroke survivor’s success at return to work in the larger environmental...
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...Dr. Jill Bolte Taylor had an amazing experience that most people do not get to tell after the fact. Especially because she is a neuroanatomist who knew what was happening and what parts of the brain were being affected. This book is informational on many different levels and to many different types of people. This book can warn people about the signs of when someone is having a stroke. This information could save many lives if someone were to read this book and realize they were having a stroke soon enough to call for help. It can be helpful for the treatment of stroke victims, average people looking to gain insight on life and how to better themselves, and to many professionals who know all of the science behind a stroke, but do not know what it is like to have one. In her earlier chapters, she explained her “experience” of having a stroke. She woke up to a normal morning, except for the fact that she had a sharp pain behind her left eye. Then, after she exercised to try and make the pain go away, she describes the feeling she got as “dissociation” or being detached from reality. On her way to get in the shower, her movements were not fluid. The point where Dr. Jill Bolte Taylor realized that she was having some neurological malfunction was when she turned her bathtub faucet on and the sound of the water was over-amplified. She was having issues with her coordination, equilibrium, and auditory system. In the midst of all of this, she described a feeling of euphoria and deep...
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...The Use of Music Therapy on Stroke Victims When normal blood flow to the brain fails, a stroke occurs, there are more than 780,000 strokes every year in the United States causing more serious long-term disabilities than any other disease that number is expected to increase in the coming years. (Know Stroke). While preventing strokes is obviously a goal, the development of successful rehabilitation strategies is equally important. Music therapy has shown promise as a way to help stroke victims recover a variety of lost functionality. In this paper I will be describing the beneficial effects that music has on stroke victims. There are two main types of stroke ischemic and hemorrhagic. Ischemic stroke occurs when blood vessels are blocked, usually by a clot. This accounts for four in five strokes. Hemorrhagic stroke is caused by a broken or leaking blood vessel in the brain (NIH). The effects of a stroke vary by its type, severity and location within the brain. A stroke may affect only one side of the body or part of one side. It can cause cognitive deficits, muscle weakness or paralysis. A stroke in the right half of the brain can cause visuospatial issues, impaired judgment and behavior, along with short-term memory loss. A stroke in the left half of the brain can cause speech and language problems, slow and cautious behavior, as well as memory problems. A stroke in the cerebellum can cause abnormal reflexes, balance problems, and dizziness, nausea, or vomiting (Office on...
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...striding toward his office at Massachusetts General Hospital (MGH) in Boston; he nearly collided with Lee Schwamm, MD. Knowing that Dr. Schwamm’s overfull schedule as Vice Chairman of Neurology and Director of Acute Stroke and TeleStroke Services meant he had little time to chat, Farrell used the near-collision as an opportunity to quickly mention a recent conversation with a nurse from Falmouth Hospital on Cape Cod. An active participant in the TeleStroke service, Falmouth Hospital was regularly honored for its adherence to best practices in stroke care. “Recently some Falmouth nurses asked how we can convince other MGH departments—such as in critical-care pediatrics—to provide similar telemedicine consultation services,” Farrell stated, adding “Their nurse stroke coordinator, Jean Estes, is a huge cheerleader for TeleStroke.” Dr. Schwamm continued moving toward his office as he replied, No tC Shawn, don’t we already have too much to do? I need to see patients, complete the analysis for a study I am working on, submit a grant application. Next week I will speak at an international neurology conference. Telemedicine can certainly be invaluable in many clinical domains, but there just are not enough hours in the day for us to get involved beyond stroke care. Before entering his office and shutting his door, Dr. Schwamm added one last remark: “We can’t do everything, Shawn—but we can do TeleStroke very well.” Shawn Farrell was not a medical doctor. A graduate...
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...been incontinent of urine. She was able to focus her eyes on him when he spoke to her, but she was unable to verbalize a response. She was transported to the local hospital and diagnosed with cerebrovascular accident (stroke). Discussion Questions : 1.)What questions could be asked of J. S.'s family to help determine the cause of her stroke as thrombotic, embolic, or hemorrhagic (i.e., questions to assess risk factors for each type of stroke)? * The family may be asked if J.S. is a smoker, or if there is a history of hypertension or diabetes. 2.)Based on the scenario described above, which brain hemisphere (left or right) suffered the ischemic damage? What other manifestations of this stroke location would likely be apparent? *Given the information above, the left hemisphere would be affected because a stroke is contra lateral. The fact that she is drooling and incontinent may suggest damage to the brain stem. 3.)What medical therapies might be used to manage this stroke and/or to prevent another one? * In embolic strokes treatment is direct in preventing further embolization by instituting anticoagulation therapy. In thrombolytic strokes, the administration of recombinant tissue plasminogen activator. The treatment is aimed at preventing further strokes and controlling cerebral edema. 4.)What information might be appropriate to give J.S.'s family about the expected recovery process after...
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