...Depression has been described, as 'the common cold of all psychological disorders' as 7 to 12 per cent of men and 20 to 25 per cent of women will suffer from depression in their lifetime. Postpartum Depression or PPD is a serious disease that affects as many as 60 percent of new mothers. The new mother’s may not feel love for their newborn and may have no energy to take care of the child. They may also suffer from insomnia, excessive eating, anorexia, or even hyperventilation. They often feel guilty and worthless because they know that they should not feel this way. There is no set pattern for those who are most likely to be affected by Postpartum Depression. The purpose of researching Postpartum Depression and the treatments is to learn how to better care for the women and their children. Postpartum Depression is a serious illness and without proper treatment and attention the children born to women who develop Postpartum Disease may grow up without proper care and in the most serious of cases, some children die of neglect or abuse. The articles used for this paper investigate the mother’s relationship with their partner during pregnancy, the perception of prenatal partner support, the association of maternal and paternal PPD, and the associations of relationship adjustment and symptoms of depressions and anxiety. The knowledge gain from researching this topic and from the articles is that spousal support has become a very big factor in postpartum depression. Spousal support...
Words: 1193 - Pages: 5
...Postpartum depression is a severe form of depression disorder that is related to childbirth and pregnancy. It is also one of the common mental health concern among women and very different from the usual postpartum “blues”. Typically, the depression often starts during the first three weeks after birth and last up to a year. It could cause some severe mood swings and exhaustion for the mothers. The symptoms for PPD is similarly the same as clinical depression and may include specific fear and thoughts about harming the baby. Some of the emotional symptoms that mothers usually experience are unstable emotions, which includes unpredictable crying and sadness, loss of pleasure and excitement, sudden mood swings, feeling guilty and worthlessness,...
Words: 798 - Pages: 4
...the stigmatization of depression and how postpartum depression can be found in women around the world. Women’s health has come a long way in the United States, no one is denying that. However...
Words: 1137 - Pages: 5
...Postpartum depression (PPD) is a common complication of childbearing estimated at affecting women cross-culturally ranging from 7-20% (Donaldson-Myles, 2011; Fitelson, Kim, Baker, & Leight, 2011). There are many risk factors attributed to the development of PPD such as history of depression during pregnancy, history of anxiety during pregnancy, stressful life events, lack of social or partner support, low socioeconomic status, low oxytocin levels, as well as the use of formula for infant feeding (Donaldson-Myles, 2011; Stuebe, Grewen, & Meltzer-Brody, 2013; Fitelson et al., 2011). As PPD is a major public health concern for women and infant well-being research has found a wide range of treatment options ensuring individualized care. Postpartum...
Words: 936 - Pages: 4
...POSTPARTUM DEPRESSION: LITERATURE REVIEW OF RISK FACTORS AND INTERVENTIONS Donna E. Stewart, MD, FRCPC E. Robertson, M.Phil, PhD Cindy-Lee Dennis, RN, PhD Sherry L. Grace, MA, PhD Tamara Wallington, MA, MD, FRCPC ©University Health Network Women’s Health Program 2003 Prepared for: Toronto Public Health October 2003 Women’s Health Program Financial assistance by Health Canada Toronto Public Health Advisory Committee: Jan Fordham, Manager, Planning & Policy – Family Health Juanita Hogg-Devine, Family Health Manager Tobie Mathew, Health Promotion Consultant – Early Child Development Project Karen Wade, Clinical Nurse Specialist, Planning & Policy – Family Health Mary Lou Walker, Family Health Manager Karen Whitworth, Mental Health Manager Copyright: Copyright of this document is owned by University Health Network Women’s Health Program. The document has been reproduced for purposes of disseminating information to health and social service providers, as well as for teaching purposes. Citation: The following citation should be used when referring to the entire document. Specific chapter citations are noted at the beginning of each chapter. Stewart, D.E., Robertson, E., Dennis, C-L., Grace, S.L., & Wallington, T. (2003). Postpartum depression: Literature review of risk factors and interventions. POSTPARTUM DEPRESSION: LITERATURE REVIEW OF RISK FACTORS AND INTERVENTIONS Table of Contents EXECUTIVE SUMMARY 2 OVERALL METHODOLOGICAL FRAMEWORK 5 CHAPTER 1: RISK FACTORS FOR...
Words: 108533 - Pages: 435
...Postpartum Depression Anai Pineda March 10, 2014 I. Introduction In this report it is my intention to provide the reader with a better understanding of postpartum depression. To start off, it is necessary to understand that postpartum depression can be divided into three categories: postpartum blues, postpartum depression, and postpartum psychosis. A comparison of these three disorders can be seen in figure 2. Some of the characteristics of postpartum depression include a change in appetite, feeling unable to love the baby, or even anger towards the baby. Cases of postpartum depression date back as far as the Middle Ages when “women who exhibited melancholy during or after childbirth were thought to be witches or victims of witchcraft (Sparks).” In today’s modern world we have learned to see past outdated beliefs in witchcraft and that is why “there is a growing movement to integrate mental health screening into routine primary care for pregnant and postpartum women and to follow up this screening with treatment or referral and with follow-up care (O’Hara and McCabe).” II. Disorder and Symptoms Baby blues encompasses the most common symptoms that new mothers may have after the arrival of their baby. These symptoms last only a few days to a couple of weeks and include mood swings, anxiety, sadness, irritability, crying, decreased concentration, and trouble sleeping. Postpartum depression “may appear to be the baby blues at first, but the signs and symptoms are more intense...
Words: 1314 - Pages: 6
...Prevention of Postpartum Depression There are several different viable prevention methods for postpartum depression. As with most illnesses, knowledge about the disease and risk factors can greatly aid in establishing preventative behaviors. The American Academy of Pediatrics focus on the use of repeated mental health screenings during pregnancy and postpartum to both prevent the onset of, and provide early diagnosis of maternal depression (Chaudron et. al., 2004). These screenings are not routinely administered, but when utilized, it is executed by physicians or nurses during the neonate’s 1-month, 2-month, and 4-month check-ups (Chaudron et. al., 2004). A study of the Cochrane Pregnancy and Childbirth Group database of nearly 17,000 women found that women who received a psychosocial or psychological intervention after delivery were significantly less likely to develop postpartum depression compared with those receiving standard care (Dennis & Dowswell, 2013). These interventions include home visits by public health nurses or midwives, telephone support, and interpersonal therapy (Dennis & Dowswell, 2013)....
Words: 1563 - Pages: 7
...Case Study Paper Developmental Learning Disorders PSY/410 Case Study Paper There once was a little girl who dreamed of becoming a mom. She wanted, it more than anything in the world, and she knew that one day her dream would come true. This young girl would sit for hours on end thinking of names to call her future baby. So eventually this little girl grew up to become a woman. She eventually met and married her true love, but she was having difficulties becoming pregnant. The more time that went by she came to the conclusion that her dream of having a child wasn't going to happen without medical help. This in turn started the long process of fertility treatments. When these treatments did not work, she started to get depressed and frustrated, feeling like she had failed. Finally, she found out her dream had come true she was pregnant. She had a great and uneventful pregnancy and gave birth to a baby girl. But something was wrong because instead of being happy and relieved that her dreams came true, she could do nothing but cry. Is this normal or is this mother whose dreams have come true suffering from Post Partum Depression (PPD). Biological Component Post Partum Depression has been found to affect between 10- 12 percent of mother after the birth. PPD is different from what most of us would call “the baby blues,” which in all actuality affect around 70% of women after birth (Meyer, Chapman, & Weaver, 2009). In most instances a women who has suffered...
Words: 802 - Pages: 4
...A3 OLAGOKE-ERINOMO DOC. POST PARTUM DEPRESSION: THE NURSING ROLE 1.0 INTRODUCTION Post-partum depression is a common complication of pregnancy; as many as one in five women in British Columbia will experience significant depression in relation to her pregnancy and childbirth (BC Reproductive Mental Health Program, 2006) Perinatal depression – which occurs from the time of conception to one year after childbirth – is a significant health issue. The research literature indicates that ten to twenty percent of women are affected by perinatal depression while BC data indicate that twelve percent of women between nine months prenatal and nine months postnatal receive physician services for depression (BC Reproductive Mental Health Program, 2006). Postpartum depression is used loosely to refer to a collection of emotional symptoms associated with pregnancy and childbirth. It can be conceptualized as a continuum with symptoms worsening over time in some women (Clemmens, Driscoll, & Beck, 2004 as cited in Bowles B, Coleman N, & Jansen L, 2011). There are three levels of severity: baby blues, postpartum depression, and postpartum psychosis. Baby blues are experienced as mood swings, crying spells, sadness, anxiety, or dependency (Bennett & Indman, 2003 as cited in Bowles B, et al, 2011). Other symptoms might include impatience, irritability, restlessness, or loneliness (USDHHS, 2002 as cited in Bowles B, et al 2011). These symptoms are sometimes attributed...
Words: 1683 - Pages: 7
...Marissa Reiner Maternity Research Article Critique Purpose This study explores the effects of a brief individual psychoanalytic therapy on perinatal depressive symptoms. A group of 40 women presenting depressive symptoms (treatment group) participated in a four-session intervention called ‘Psychotherapy centered on parenthood (PCP)’. It consists in two antenatal and two postnatal sessions and is focused on changing problematic representations of parenthood. This treatment group was compared to a control group of 88 women without depressive symptoms and following the usual obstetrical care. Measures Used Edinburgh postnatal depression scale: The EPDS is a questionnaire widely used to measure depressive symptoms during the perinatal period. According to Murray and Carothers (1990), the EPDS is a reliable method to identify depressive mothers (sensitivity 81.1 % with a limit at 12.5). Dépistage antenatal de la dépression postnatale It contains six items: four concern psychological aspects (blaming oneself, difficulty in falling asleep or staying asleep, feeling lonely, feeling that others do not understand you or are unsympathetic); two items refer to somatic issues (itching and lower back pain). Global Assessment Functioning The GAF is a numeric scale included in the DSM-IV generally used by mental health clinicians and physicians to rate the social, occupational, and psychological functioning of adults. The scale value ranges from 1 (hypothetically sickest...
Words: 1288 - Pages: 6
...Ineffective Treatment of Postpartum Depression The short story "The Yellow Wallpaper" by Charlotte Perkins Gilman brings to light the mistreatment of women’s mental health issues in the late nineteenth century in the American society. Rena Korb is a writer and editor says, “’The Yellow Wallpaper’ commands attention not only for the harrowing journey into madness it portrays, but also for its realism” ("The Yellow Wallpaper" 284). In the story "The Yellow Wallpaper," a woman falls into postpartum depression and her doctor recommended a treatment called the “rest cure,” which contributed to her madness because her condition was not yet understood and therefore never diagnosed. The story "The Yellow Wallpaper” was based on Gilman’s personal experience...
Words: 1228 - Pages: 5
...Running head: BIPOLAR I & II 1 Bipolar I & II Research Paper (Main Focus on Bipolar II) Perry Blankenship Liberty University BIPOLAR I & II 2 Abstract This paper will cover the diagnoses and treatment of Bipolar II. This paper will show that Bipolar II is found in the Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders (DSM). This paper will also discuss the use of medication as part of the treatment process for this disorder. This paper will research some of the similar and conflicting attributes of Bipolar I and II. This paper will also show that Bipolar II is a disorder that can be maintained but is never fully cured. This paper will also consider the Christian world view concerning Bipolar Disorder. BIPOLAR I & II 3 According to Maddux and Winstead (2008), Bipolar II is defined as “One or more major depressive episodes accompanied by at least one hypomanic episode.” Bipolar II patients are not as disabled, and they do not present the same psychotic features as Bipolar I patients with manic episodes. When researching information about Bipolar II Disorder a researcher will need to look under...
Words: 4260 - Pages: 18
...Case Study Paper University of Phoenix Erica Vazquez PSY 410 Annette Edwards October 10, 2011 Case Study Paper “Once upon a time, there was a little girl who dreamed of being a mommy. She wanted, more than anything, to have a child and knew her dream would come true one day. She would sit for hours thinking up names to call her baby. Eventually this little girl grew up. Though she'd met and married her Prince Charming, she was having trouble conceiving. She began to realize that her dream wasn't going to come true without a great deal of medical help. So she went on a long journey through the world of fertility treatments. When none of them worked, she got frustrated and depressed. She felt like a failure. And then one day, finally, she became pregnant. She was thrilled beyond belief. She had a wonderful pregnancy and a perfect baby girl. At long last, her dream of being a mommy had come true. But instead of being relieved and happy, all she could do was cry.” (Shields, 2005) Brooke Shields was born to Frank and Terri Shields on May 31, 1965. Her father an executive for Revlon and her mother a model separated when Brooke was very young. Brooke began her modeling career at 11 months and has been acting and modeling since then. After graduating from Princeton University brook met and married tennis player Andre Agassi, they were married for two years before they got divorced. In 2001 she married Chris Henchy and began to try to conceive a baby. Unfortunately, she was...
Words: 1197 - Pages: 5
...(PIH). Methods: We examined perceived health status changes from the prepregnancy, as recalled at 12–20 weeks gestation, to the postpartum period in women with GDM (n 64) vs. unaffected gravidas (n 1233) and women diagnosed with PIH (n 148) vs. unaffected gravidas. We used patient survey and medical record data from a prospective cohort study. Health status measures included the Short Form-36 scales for physical function, vitality, and self-rated health and the Center for Epidemiologic Studies-Depression Scale (CES-D). Multivariate logistic regression models controlled for age, parity, race, education, prepregnancy body mass index (BMI) and exercise levels, food insufficiency, and GDM or PIH during a prior pregnancy. Results: Women with PIH more often reported a significant decline in vitality (odds ratio [OR] 1.51, 95% confidence interval [CI] 1.02-2.23) and self-rated health (OR 2.12, 95% CI 1.193.77) and an increase in depressive symptoms from prepregnancy to postpartum compared with unaffected women (OR 1.84, 95% CI 1.11-3.05). Decline in self-rated health was partially mediated by cesarean birth and preterm delivery. Similar proportions of women with GDM and unaffected women reported declines in health status measures. Conclusions: Women with PIH, but not GDM, more often experience significant declines in health status from prepregnancy to postpartum than unaffected...
Words: 5024 - Pages: 21
...Corporal Punishment Lakeisha Fletcher PSY101: Introduction to Psychology Instructor: Sabrina Geoffrion May 16, 2016 Corporal Punishment Corporal punishment is a harsh disciplinary act that involves physical pain to an individual mostly relating to a child. There has been some debates about the issue of corporal punishment, and whether is it needed in school and even in the home settings. There is also some debate that there may be some advantages to having corporal punishment. Who really has a say so when parents use certain strategies to discipline their children? Is there really a line that needs to be drawn so that parents know when disciplining your child has gone too far. Even though corporal punishment can have some possible advantages when children misbehave, there are more effective ways that parents can use to discipline their children. The benefits of disciplining your child can be beneficial if the acts are carried out appropriately. Corporal punishment in the form of severe physical pain or humiliation can prove to have negative effects on the child’s behavior. Corporal punishment can also be clearly defined in the commonly form of spanking or smacking, but also may include slapping, pinching, pulling hair, twisting ears, or hitting with an object such as a rod or stick (Zolotor & Puzia, 2010). As a result of such harsh treatment, it has been mentioned that it is against the law to practice corporal punishment in certain states and schools. Research...
Words: 2074 - Pages: 9
