...POVERTY IN AMERICA Donice Wright Excelsior College Business Ethics for Managers 523 30033567 Dr. Sharlyn Moore 21 May 2015 Introduction and situational analysis Residents of Lakewood, Ohio have seen an upsurge in people living below the poverty line. “Between 1998-99 and 2009-10, the share of Lakewood high students receiving free and reduced price lunches increased dramatically, from 9-46%.” (Shaw, 2013, p. 13). As globalization increases more immigrants and refugees are moving to areas outside of the inner city. Tukwila, Washington has seen much of the same waves of immigration and refugee populations seeking work and affordable housing. Poverty in Tukwila went from 10 percent to over 24 percent during the period 2006-10. Job opportunities are rooted in service jobs such as retail, hotels, construction and other services. P. (38). The inner city used to be the location for jobs and opportunity however, the trend now includes urban job opportunities, affordable housing, and better schools. This migration from the inner city to the outlying areas is called, “the suburbanization of poverty.” P. (38) Understanding poverty calls for understanding the economy. According to Brooking Institute researchers Emily Monea and Isabel Sawhill, “even if the national unemployment rate fell to 5 percent within the next five years, by 2020 the nation’s poverty rate will likely remain above 14 percent. P. (39) Inter-generational poverty needs to be addressed. Inner cities have several...
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...When you hear the word poverty, the images which we come across may involve people in distant lands. We have seen people who suffer greatly from poverty from the effects of wars, natural disasters, famines and bleak economic situations. it is unimaginable that here in the UK, one of the worst poverty rates since World War 2(bbc poor kids 2012). We often feel impelled to do something to help, or contribute to a cause or campaign aimed at the response to a specific need or crisis, while it is important for us to become aware of a global problem or crisis. Poverty is defined as two meanings;Absolute poverty; when a persons income is so low that they cannot afford the basic essentials for living.Relative poverty where there income is well below the national average of living usually around £15,000 pounds a year(gcse sociology ). Child poverty has become a significant issue in the UK. Its definition itself has become quite controversial. This essay will use the definition set by the government. Labour has defined child poverty as any child living in a household with below 60% of average income after housing. (www.society.guardian.co.uk) It has grown substantially in the 1980s and 1990s. The recent increase in child poverty is particularly a British phenomenon. According to figures, the level of child poverty in the UK is very high . Child poverty affects 3.5 million children in the UK. Inner city areas of London, Manchester, Leicester, and Glasgow are among the worst hit areas...
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...spend even more time watching movies. I enjoy watching movies from all ages of cinema, black and white, Technicolor, animated, etc. etc.. Through my parents influence on my movie experiences I have seen films that I probably never would have seen of my own discoveries. One such film is 12 Angry Men directed by Sidney Lumet. In the following essay I will look at this movie in detail and discuss the interaction between the film 12 Angry Men and some of the American culture and social tensions at the time that this film was made. 12 Angry Men was produced by Sidney Lumet and...
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...Police Storefronts Essay Lue Banks GCU Organizational Behavior and Leadership in Criminal Justice Home JUS 515 Prof. Vivian December 09, 2015 Police Storefronts Essay During the 1980s and 90s in response to the rising crime and the lack of police manpower, improvements were called for, community policing, “broken windows” policing, “pulling levers” policing, problem-oriented policing, hot spots policing, third party policing, evidence-based policing and Compstat. Police really hate change especially police departments, when it comes to implanting new programs. In the inner-city residents is trying hard to stay “street cred” in order to curb violence. The violence is all about drugs and money, the base cost of this is poverty, disrupted families, lack of opportunity and hopelessness exacerbate youth violence. Homicide was on the rise within poor African American neighborhoods and the leading cause of death among young men. Big cities like White Plains, New York are a typical example with all the downtown developments, where the rich hang out with the poor, where gangs flourished. The FBI conducted a study on violent crimes and between 2005 and 2006, crime increased across the United States. In 2006 violence exploded in White Plains, a fatal gang-related stabbing in March, a fatal shooting in May and in September 2 youth involved stabbings, all occurred in the heart of downtown. During the White Plains Experience the first session consisted of the Youth-Police Initiative...
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...economy and a revitalisation of the built environment. In this essay I will be addressing whether gentrification does help or hinder low income, urban communities using references from contemporary examples such as New York City and London, I will outline both positive and negative impacts of gentrification...
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...between Two Essays on Poverty “Homeless” by Anna Quindlen is a referential work that has a reflective focus on the cultural definition of home and people with no home in America while “The Hands of Poverty” by Jane Addams is a referential work that has a reflective focus on the dismaying conditions of poverty on the East End of London. Waskey states that “scientific definition of poverty includes both material and social conditions” like the hideous human need and suffering Addams witnessed at the East End and “poverty, scientifically defined, includes those resources whose absence will place a person or family into conditions of deprivation,” like not having a home as Quindlen elaborates (959). Quindlen states that having a home is not really about “having a shelter or having three square meals a day,” but it is about being an owner of a home in spite of its location or its size. She makes it clear that focusing on the details of not having a home can help us realize that homeless people are not “homeless” but they are people who have no home. On the other hand, Addams presents the impression she had of the Saturday sale of decaying vegetables and fruit for poor people. She points out that though the human hand is the most significant and the “oldest human tool,” she was disappointed by “the empty, pathetic, nerveless and work worn myriads of hands" she saw there. She also states that she was perplexed by the “outward seeming” and the “inner pang” of the...
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...quickly developed and spread across London and other cities all over England. A major debate arose about the inner causes of the insurrections and the media and politicians promptly pointed out several hypothesis. The August 2011 events have been primarily interpreted, especially amongst the political class, through a lens that emphasises criminality. ,one prominent argument advocates that the cause of the unrest was the moral decay of ‘a feral underclass’ (Scrambler; Grover 2011) However, many of such explanations tend to be mostly speculative and they often fail to provide a consistent account of the causes of the riots based on solid evidence (the LSE/theguardian, 2011, Solomos, 2011). Against this background this essay attempts to disentangle the motives of the London 2011 riots, by focusing on the relations of causality between factors and events that led to the burst of the unrest. It argues that urban social inequalities as well as uneven processes of exclusion and inclusion of a marginalised class are the main factor underlying the disturbances. Yet this essay claims that these riots need also to be analysed in the very specific context in which they have arisen: the financial crisis, a society which is becoming increasingly consumerist in its orientation, the disputable role of the police, loss of faith in the political class and hopelessness towards the future amongst the urban youth. In the first part this essay analyses inequality indicators and trends embracing...
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...“The effects of suburbanisation have generally been negative,” discuss. Suburbanisation is the decentralisation of people, employment and services from the inner part of the city towards the margins of the built up area. This like migration not only has an effect on the area people are moving too but also has an effect on the location people are leaving from. In this essay I will discuss and analyse whether the effects of suburbanisation have been generally negative and whether or not there have also been some good points to this process. I will include my own personal view as well as using examples from state funded suburban areas and privately owned suburban areas. One negative to start off with is the use of space and Greenfield sites needed to build these new estates on and their impact on the environment. With an increasing number of people moving to the edge of cities and towards these more scenic greenery and open land more houses are needed to be built upon them. With more people living there more shops and other facilities are needed to be built as well and so you have to use up a lot more of the open land. For example in the early 1900’s an area near Manchester called chorltonville was created by private investors and they took up 10 acres of space to build up the smaller area in Manchester. People see this as a waste of space as they didn’t necessarily have to build this site. Another more recent suburban development was the council built Atherstone estate in Darlington...
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...public education system. In this essay, Kozol shows the reader, with alarming statistics and percentages, just how segregated Americas urban schools have become. He also brings light to the fact that suburban schools, with predominantly white students, are given far better funding and a much higher quality education, than the poverty stricken schools of the urban neighborhoods. Jonathan Kozol brings our attention to the obvious growing trend of racial segregation within America’s urban and inner city schools. He creates logical support by providing frightening statistics to his claims stemming from his research and observations of different school environments. He also provides emotional support by sharing the stories and experiences of the teachers and students, as well as maintaining strong credibility with his informative tone throughout the entire essay. Within this essay, there are many uses of rhetorical appeals including logos, pathos, and ethos. Jonathan Kozol uses reasoning, or logos, to prove that the education systems of today are still as separated and unequal for students based on the color of their skin or their race, as they were 50 years ago. An example of this is when Kozol informs us of the exact percentages of students by race in schools across the country, “In Chicago 87% of public-school enrolment was black or Hispanic; less than 10% was white. In Washington D.C., 94% black or Hispanic; to less than 5% white. In New York City, nearly three quarters of the students...
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...I stood on a cracked concrete sidewalk of inner-city Detroit’s Mexicantown neighborhood as winter sleet beat down on my head. As a student who has unfortunately allowed herself to fall in love with the enervating occupation that is journalism, I have been told multiple times that paying attention to my surroundings will always be a key part to writing an article or essay. In an attempt to write an article about what people had to say about the welfare of Motown, I visited the city in order to inform my opinions. When I was in Detroit that day, shivering on the sidewalk, someone mentioned that the city was a lost cause, unless some major change came and started it on a comeback path. I think that particular man’s reasoning was due to the fact that folks familiarize Detroit with forlorn statistics; like how the city declared a massive bankruptcy in 2008 and how crime rates remain some of the highest in the United States. These factors have built to form a deadly notion that this city, without outside help, will regress further into economic and social poverty. I debated that notion throughout my entire experience in the Motor City. As a hopeful journalist, I had the opportunity to go back home and write a sensationalized piece on the negative economic state of Detroit. However, as a fellow human to the inhabitants of that city,...
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...QSN : POVERTY IS A CAUSE OF INDIVIDUAL DEFICIENCIES.DISCUSS Poverty in its most general sense is the lack of necessities. Basic food, shelter, medical care, and safety are generally thought necessary based on shared values of human dignity. Some societies focus on individual failures and deficiencies to explain the occurrence and patterns of poverty. Personal characteristics such as laziness or lack of ability are seen as the primary causes of poverty. The poor are blamed for being poor and solutions to poverty are assumed to lie within their individual control. But this approach fails to acknowledge that poverty is not random. The likelihood of poverty varies sharply depending on age, gender, family structure, health, education, economic conditions and where you live. In other words, it is not the poor choices and ‘bad’ behaviour of individuals that lead to poverty, but structural failings which stack the odds against certain people and make it difficult for them to escape deprivation or reach their full potential. In other words however individual deficiencies may lead to poverty but only to a lesser extent since they are many more factors that may lead to poverty which include cultural belief systems, geographical disparities, and economic, political and social distortions or discrimination. These are some of the factors that lead to poverty which will be expanded in the essay below. Failure in life may be due to some inborn deficiencies such as physical or mental handicap...
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...Los Angeles: A critical essay looking into increasing inequality and its root causes in the metropolitan area across the last 50 years Los Angeles is one of the most economically developed cities in the world and it represents a beacon of technological advancement, social progression and equal opportunity for people all around the world. Los Angeles (L.A.) was recently ranked 9th on the Global Economic Power Index (Florida, 2012) and 20th on the Global Power City Index that included criteria such as “livability”, “cultural interaction”, “environment” and “accessibility” (Institute for Urban Strategies, 2014). These ideas may ring true for some; however there are many who live within the city limits that experience a very different reality. In the last 20 years there has been an increasing amount of academic literature examining rising economic, social, political and underlying racial inequality within L.A. This essay will attempt to evaluate this literature so as to examine what inequalities are occurring and identify possible causes underlying them. For future reference within this essay, I am going to be looking at L.A. as the Greater Los Angeles Area, which includes the city of L.A. and other interconnected urban areas so as to avoid confusion on where possible boundaries are drawn and also to have a greater area from which to draw comparison from. Socio-Economic History Leading to Contemporary Inequality The situation Los Angeles is currently in can be attributed...
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...Crime and Deviance exam questions Crime questions – Qu. 1 & 2 – both worth 21 marks.You should spend 30 minutes on each question and each should have a traditional essay structure (include an introduction and a conclusion, at least two sides of the argument, two or more theories, relevant studies and as much evaluation as you can cram in!). You also need to show ‘conceptual confidence’ – this just means that you should make it clear to the examiner that you know and understand the important concepts, e.g. anomie, relative deprivation.Make sure you make reference to the item – both essay questions will have their own item. You can often use the information in the item as a springboard into the essay in the introduction. However, you will be penalised for ‘overuse of the item’, so don’t just copy it out. You can use short quotes or statistics from the item though. | Question: | What to include: | Assess the view that ethnic differences in crime rates are the result of the ways in which the criminal justice system operates. | This question is essentially about the presence (or not) of institutional racism in the police, courts and penal system. You will need to compare the importance of this as opposed to explanations that argue that ethnic minorities do commit more crime - either as a result of relative deprivation (left realism) or poor upbringing, absent fathers, etc (new right). * Try to include some stats, reference to patterns of offending, stop and search...
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...A Western Governors University Death at an Early Age., page 2 In this short essay we will review the content of the book, “Death at an Early Age” by Jonathan Kozol, as it relates to alternative viewpoints in education. We will include my personal perspective as a comparison to the authors perspectives, as well as how content relates to current educational trends, theory, and educational issues. The book “Death at an Early Age” authored by Jonathan Kozol is a first person testimonial to the tragic educational system nightmare experienced by Kozol in the Boston Public School system circa 1964. The book relates Kozol’s exposure to rampant racism, child abuse, and a failed educational system as a first year 4th grade teacher at an inner city grade school in Boston’s Roxbury neighborhood. Kozol’s unmitigated descriptions of the events that he witnessed as well as his reiterations of the entrenched school policies, curriculum inadequacies, and resistance to desegregation from teachers, administrators, and politicians is a testimonial to a failed system that perpetuated bigotry, and hate to minority...
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...not just a social construction (Interactionism) due to a significant rise in crime especially with street crime such as burglary and assault. They are concerned about the widespread fear of crime and about the impact of crime on its victims and argue other theories have failed to offer realistic solutions. In this essay I will outline and assess Right realists explanations of crime by referring to Wilson, Marsland, Hircshi, and use New right theorists Murray and Clark to support and criticise them. Right realist share New Right/ neo-conservative views about the underclass causing and committing crime. They argue that crime has become out of control and that society should get tougher on crime with harsher sentencing. In 1980s and 1990s society witnessed increasing levels of crime. Wilson is the father of Right Realism. He was a right wing policy advisor to Ronald Regan and had a very conservative view. Thus believing people are responsible for their own lives. He rejected the claim that the economic recession was to blame for the crime explosion due to the economic boom in the 1960s was accompanied by a huge rise in crime too. Wilson argued men living in inner cities are the main source of crime- they are socially and biologically determined to becoming criminals, as they have not been socialised properly due to a breakdown of the family. Marsland added that schools and religion have also become less effective in social control- their authority has diminished. The result is a...
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