...ASSIGNMENT LETTER Diploma Entrepreneurship and New Venture Management Higher Diploma in Accounting and Auditing 2016 SEMESTER (1) [BASIC MATHEMATICS ABM2411] DUE DATES | Assignment 1 | 14 March 2016 | Semester 1 andYear modules | Assignment 2 | 29 March 2016 | Only Semester 1 modules | Assignments Resubmissions | 18 April 2016 | All assignments of Semester 1 modules and assignment 1 of Year modules | Vacation School | 22 -24 March 2016 | All CODeL Programmes | CENTRE FOR OPEN, DISTANCE AND eLEARNING Open your mind 2016 Assignments Basic Mathematics - ABM2411 Dear Student, Welcome to the University of Namibia and to the Centre for Open, Distance and eLearning in particular. We hope your studies will be rewarded with success. We advise that you get all the relevant information and booklets available for distance students from your nearest UNAM centre (including the Student Letter for 2016 and the CODeL Student Handbook). These documents will provide advice on how to approach your studies and will guide you through your study materials as well as providing with useful administrative information. Study materials Your study guide is essentially your “teacher/lecturer”. However, in addition you are required to visit the library to consult prescribed books and recommended readings that are indicated in the study guide. You are also responsible to purchase any prescribed textbooks required for your course. Furthermore, you are...
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...Power has been the aspect that has lead many leaders to become corrupt and loose their power or die trying to keep it. The power people chase is brought upon by selfishness and greed. Once one is corrupted with power they will do anything and everything they can to obtain more of what they want. How you use your power defines your character. In the play “Macbeth”, power is a corrupting force that can change a man’s character and cause him to act in evil ways. Corruption can be motivated by power and the advantages people see in it. In “Macbeth”, Macbeth gets a little power and soon begins to want it all. Macbeth and Lady Macbeth make a plan to kill Duncan, the king, “But I worry about weather or not you have what it takes to seize the crown.”...
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...Valentin 10-23-15 English Honors/ Center II- Writing “Power does not corrupt. Fear corrupts…Perhaps the fear of a loss power.”-John Steinbeck. Steinbeck was well aware of the corrupt world we live in today and proposes that power is not the reason for this corruption. Instead, he proposed the idea of fear being the reason for corruption. Although fear corrupts, power is also a factor in corruption. Perhaps the fear of a loss power enhances the corruption but that can only occur after one holds the power. The Civil war for instance, is a prominent example where power corrupted, and the idea of loss power exacerbated this corruption. Slave owners did not want their rights to enslave abolished or tampered with in any way. Slave owners had this power over people of color for such a long period of time that once the power began to fade, they did not accept it. Power fueled by greed and soon the fear of losing that power were...
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...Absolute Power and Corruption in Animal Farm Idealistic leaders can become corrupt because of the influence that absolute power can have on one’s morals. This pattern constantly repeats itself throughout history because of mankind’s ignorance to the past. Animal Farm represents the Russian revolution and the events and actions that took place. As Napoleon, Snowball, and Old Major evolve and show the effects of having power, is it obvious to see how absolute power corrupts potentially great leaders. Napoleon, an overall strong leader, lets power take over his views and morals for ultimate corruption. After Old Major dies, Napoleon is fortunate to be one of the next renowned leaders for the farm and soon to be a leader for the rebellion. As time passes, Napoleon experiences the luxuries and the benefits that come with having power— the power is now beginning to go to his head. He begins eating much food, sleeping on a bed, and wearing clothes (all of which the animals swore never to do in animalism). Napoleon is beginning to think of himself above all others rather than as still an equal. At one point in the book, Napoleon sell the loyal and hardworking boxer to a factory for alcohol. This goes to prove that he only cared about what he wanted, not his hard working citizen. By many events and actions done by Napoleon, it is easy to see how Napoleon represents Joseph Stalin. “Stalin was the undisputed dictator of USSR.” As Stalin did, Napoleon disposes of anything...
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...How Are Power and Corruption Related? by Sebastian Sandoval "Power corrupts and absolute power corrupts absolutely." – Lord John Dalberg-Acton Macbeth and Lord of the Flies depict power and corruption. However in Macbeth's case it is his fear of being forgotten that leads to his ambitions for power and in turn corrupts him. In Lord of the Flies we see Jack's ambition to become chief corrupt him into doing whatever it takes to achieve that position. Both works seem to coincide with Hobbes theory that "man is naturally savage" and that savagery combined with the notion of power can only lead to one thing, corruption. In this essay the relationship between power and corruption will be explored through the lens of three texts: Macbeth by William Shakespeare (1623), Lord of the Flies by William Golding (1954), and Of Man, Being the First Part of Leviathan by Thomas Hobbes (1651). Let us begin with The Tragedy of Macbeth. Throughout the play, we see Macbeth change from a noble and brave soldier into a shadow of his former self. In the beginning we see an internal struggle with the decision to kill King Duncan. This is most clearly depicted in act I when Macbeth says, "We will proceed no further in this business. He hath honored me of late,"(1.7. 28-30 ). It is after the murder of Duncan that we begin to notice a sinister change. Macbeth begins to murder anyone who has or could get in his way even his friend Banquo. In act 3 Macbeth's plan is first revealed in his conversation...
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...DIGITAL BANGLADESH- CAN IT PREVENT CORRUPTION INTRODUCTION : The present fever to launch an extensive digitalization program is sweeping the Bangladesh political, business, and elitist minds. In the face of an overarching outlook of sustainable development the Bangladesh digitalization program runs into some grave questions. The paper points out that ethics as a strongly endogenous force in development is indispensable to keep in view the simultaneity of attaining growth and social justice. These targets are variously manifested in different sectors and quarters of the beneficiaries of growth and development. In this perspective, various comparative works in the literature are invoked toward establishing the essential national wellbeing for alleviating poverty. Wellbeing is established by participative complementarities between economic growth and social justice and their disaggregate manifestations. The digital good must therefore be understood as a socially inclusive empowering good, not as an element of traditional economic theory wherein only efficiency, and thus globalization and maximization behavior, turn out to be of sole attention. The paper introduces a new model upholding participative complementary synergy, learning, and unification by an epistemic guidance of development ethics. Such a model invokes a system and cybernetic approach that combines in an innovative way the analytical with the system and cybernetic view of development. Various facts and figures relating...
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...Anthem Press, 2002), “Rich countries and their agencies … commonly have been and are accomplices in corruption abroad, encouraging it by their actions rather than impeding it… · The impact of Cold War corruption (supporting dictatorships, destabilizing democracies, funding opposition, etc); · Firms from rich countries bribing rulers and officials from developing countries to gain export contracts, particularly in the arms trade and in construction (even justifying it by suggesting bribery is “customary” in those countries, so they need to do it to, in order to compete); · The “corruption-inducing effects of the purchase, by the rich countries and their international corporations, of concessions in Third World countries to exploit natural deposits of oil, copper, gold, diamonds and the like.” Payments made to rulers often violate local (and Western) rules, keeping corrupt rulers in power, who also embezzle a lot of money away. · The drug trade. Neild suggests that international law and national laws in rich countries that prohibit drugs may serve to “produce a scarcity value irresistible to producers, smugglers and dealers.” Governments and civil society in the third world are often “undermined, sometimes destroyed” by the violence and corruption that goes with the drug trade. “This is probably the most important way in which the policies of rich countries foster corruption and violence. · Legalizing drugs, a system of taxation and regulation, comparable...
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...Business ethics relating to Corruption Chapter 1 Introduction: What Corruption is and Why it Matters? People everywhere are more concerned than they ever have been about corruption and business ethics. This represents social changes that are occurring everywhere, though to different degrees. Partly this may be due to the pioneering efforts of the organization transparency International, which has not only spearheaded the fight against corruption, but has made it possible to gauge and compare corruption across countries. Partly, it may be due to the plethora of scandals and company collapses that was experienced at the end of the 1990s and in the early 2000s. it may also be due to changes in the demographics of investors. Today the worker is also the capitalist, and the largest investors, institutional investors, are protecting the common person’s pension savings, insurance funds, etc. it may also be due to globalization. Globalization has expanded communication and the flow of information among ever widening circles of people, some of whose interests conflict with those of the private sector, and those adversely affected have organized themselves in a variety of ways to express their discontent. Globalization has forced like-minded western capitalists to interact with their counterparts in lower-income countries, where interpretations of trust, reciprocity, honesty, and social engagement may differ. Finally, Globalization has created visible, open...
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...Money, coercion, and power - the three things that rule the world's second largest nation with 1.1 billion people. Corruption in India runs so deep within the society that it can no longer be considered simply a problem with the society but instead a way of life that there is no escaping. This problem has grown to such a magnitude that the corruption is affecting the fundamental establishments of democracy. As Ben Doherty, a reporter for Guardian Australia and twice a Walkley award winner for his foreign reporting, states, “[India] instead of being of the people, for the people, by the people, has become a government of the corrupt, for the corrupt, by the corrupt.” The sad truth is that India, although once prided as the world’s largest democracy, can no longer retain that title as it has transformed into an oligarchy where the power lies in the hands of the rich and the corrupt. While a democracy must be driven by the people, it is not necessarily a good form of government. The definition of a democracy, according to Sean Connolly in his book Democracy, is a “government where the people have the power and… [that] works to benefit these people” (3). Essentially, he is saying that the government in a democracy is “of the people” and “by the people” so that the people have the power, and “for the people” so that the government actually works for the people and not for its own selfish interests. In addition, Connolly supports the definition that Winston Churchill put forth calling...
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...Police Corruption Police corruption is an issue that has been around ever since the police force was introduced. Corruption is defined as the abuse of public power for a personal benefit. It is an issue that affects the entire society and has always been very hard to control. Police corruption is continuing to increase in the United States. Newspaper and other public publications will have stories about police officers abusing their power and committing crimes like drug smuggling, prostitution, money laundering and accepting bribes on any given day. Police officers are just as likely to commit a crime as any other citizen in the United States but when the corruption occurs people often act surprised. When committing police corruption the officer will misuse their authority, abuse their power to ultimately receive a personal gain. Police corruption can be broken down into two separate categories. The first is internal corruption which involves police officers working together to commit a crime. The second is external corruption which is when police officers accept pay offs from people who the book rules or city laws. The police force is very aware that this corruption is going on and are constantly looking for ways to decrease it. The first thing the police force needs to do is strengthen the police leadership. The chief of the force along with other people in power have to make sure they are showing their concern for police corruption in a public and private matter. They also...
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...world for avoiding corruption? “Corruption is an insidious plague that has a wide range of corrosive effects on societies. It undermines democracy and the rule of law, leads to violations of human rights, distorts markets, erodes the quality of human life, and allows organized crime, terrorism and other threats to human security to flourish. This evil phenomenon is found in all countries… but it is in the developing world that its effects are most destructive. Corruption hurts the poor disproportionately by diverting funds intended for development, undermining a Government’s ability to provide basic services, feeding inequality and injustice and discouraging foreign aid and investment. Corruption is a key element in economic under-performance and a major obstacle to poverty alleviation and development.” Koffi Anan, foreword, United Nations Convention against Corruption, 2003. When Democracy and central governance was formed in ancient Greece, it was for the very purpose of preventing the powerful few putting their needs above those of the masses they ruled – after all ‘Democracy’, stems from the Greek demos and kratia literally meaning the power of the people. For peoples familiar only with autocracies and hereditary monarchies, this was a radical notion. Why then, in some modern democracies, has the word government come to be almost synonymous with corruption? Corruption in government is now seen to be an unavoidable consequence of humans holding power, and the oft-cited...
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...can’t stopped is the Corruption of Government and as a individual as being part of this society we are affective of it. When we look the meaning of corruption in Wikipedia it will gave you this meaning Corruption is the abuse of bestowed power or position to acquire a personal benefit. Some of us choose to accept this because we are blinded of their black propaganda we don’t even think what will be the future of the next generation if we let this people continue to abuse their power. And when we say Governance it is a government is the system by which a state or community is controlled. In the Commonwealth of Nations, the word government is also used more narrowly to refer to the collective group of people that exercises executive authority in a state Political corruption is the use of powers by government officials for illegitimate private gain. An illegal act by an officeholder constitutes political corruption only if the act is directly related to their official duties, is done under color of law or involves trading in influence. ------------------------------------------------- Effects[edit] Effects on politics, administration, and institutions[edit] In politics, corruption undermines democracy and good governance by flouting or even subverting formal processes. Corruption in elections and in the legislature reduces accountability and distorts representation in policymaking; corruption in the judiciary compromises the rule of law; and corruption in public administrationresults...
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...Police Abuse of Power Abstract This paper will focus on the idea of police abuse of power. It discusses the problem with police abusing power and how it leads to the distrust of people today. It will explore why it is an issue and what can be done to prevent it. An officer started at a job in a new town. After a few months on the job, they noticed a misuse of the authority the police embodied in a couple ways. The ways authority was misused compounded on top of each other making the department enormously corrupt. The officer saw that this was not a good thing, but doesn’t want to speak out because of the subculture and the risk of loosing their job. The new officer wanted to be an ethical leader and demonstrate courage but was at an impasse of uncertainty to keep their job. In today’s society, abuse of police power can be seen. From accepting small bribes to an unnecessary shooting, corruption is everywhere. Abuse of power is defined as the improper use of authority by someone who has that authority because of the office they hold ( Abuse of power West's Encyclopedia of American Law, edition 2). The problem with the abuse of power is it leads to corruption within the justice system. For example, an abuse of power would be when an officer is threatening a suspect with an impractical punishment and is forcing a confession for something they did not do. This corruption doesn’t allow for the right to a fair trial. By abusing the system the officer can doctor...
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...money and collude with businesses to sell laws, rules, regulations, and government contracts. The World Bank reports that “higher levels of corruption are associated with lower per capita income” (World Bank 2001, p. 105). Corruption breeds poverty, and poverty kills. In other words, corruption kills. How so? Corruption sabotages economies and undermines political institutions. Its most devastating impact is on INVESTMENT. By discouraging investment, corruption crushes ECONOMIC GROWTH and slashes per capita incomes. According to Mauro (1995), for example, if Bangladesh had cut corruption over the period 1960–1985 to the level of one of the world’s cleanest countries (Singapore), it would have increased its growth rate by 1.8 percentage points per year. By 1985, its per capita income would have been more than 50 percent higher. Low-per-capita-income countries suffer higher infant mortality—54 deaths per 1,000 live births in Bangladesh versus 3 per 1,000 in Singapore—and lower average life expectancies—fifty-nine years versus eighty years (U.S. Census Bureau 2000.) Another insidious way in which corruption kills is that it skews public spending away from operating budgets such as HEALTH CARE and toward capital budgets—military spending, for example, where bribes are easier to extract (Klitgaard 1988; Mauro 1996; Tanzi and Davoodi 1997). Corruption hurts investment in at least three ways. First, it increases the cost of doing business, which then raises the threshold revenues required...
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...Why corruption is responsible for slow economic growth Corruption around the world is believed to be endemic and pervasive and a significant contributor to slow economic growth, to stifle investment, to inhibit the provision of public services and to increase inequality to such an extent that international organizations like the World Bank have identified corruption as ‘the single greatest obstacle to economic and social development’ (World Bank, 2001). More recently, the World Bank has estimated that more than US$ 1 trillion is paid in bribes each year and that countries that tackle corruption, improve governance and the rule of law could increase per capita incomes by a staggering 400 percent (World Bank, 2004). Commensurate with the place of corruption on the policy agenda, the economics literature has paid increased attention to the issue of corruption. Though the recent literature is mainly theoretical in focus, there have also been attempts – albeit relatively few in number – to address the causes and consequences of corruption from an empirical standpoint. Notable efforts in this area include, among others, Mauro (1995; 1998) on the impact of corruption on economic growth and investment and composition of government expenditure, Treisman (2000) on the causes of corruption and Fisman and Gatti (2002) on the links between political structure and corruption. In reviewing the literature of corruption, the dissertation will attempt to highlight the various definitions, forms...
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