...“The current law on pre-nuptial arrangements in England and Wales is unsatisfactory. Couples should be free to determine their own property and financial arrangements on relationship breakdown under legally enforceable contracts.” Critically analyse this statement with reference to recent developments in England and Wales, and in other jurisdiction(s) where appropriate. In a society where forty two per cent of marriages end in divorce, marriage breakdown is an unfortunate yet inevitable reality for many. With the development of pre-nuptial agreements in many other jurisdictions, there has been recent pressure on the government here to legislate in the area of the law. Pre-nuptial agreements are entered for many reasons, there are the obvious security benefits such as protecting your wealth in case of marriage breakdown and there are also less cynical reasons such as safeguarding for children of a previous marriage or protecting family wealth. This essay will outline the current law on pre-nuptial agreements in England and Wales, followed by recent developments and views. The US laws on pre-nuptial agreements will be drawn upon as a comparison and the conclusion will focus on what is the best way forward for England and Wales. I propose that this will be updating current legislation to allow pre-nuptial agreements as the freedom to arrange a marriage as they so wish should be reflected in their freedom to make arrangements for the financial breakdown of their relationship...
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...Pre-Marital Sex: Implementation Process Pre-marital sex has been a pressing public policy issue for decades. In the United States, numerous programs have been implemented to deal with the effects that pre-marital sex has had on the Nation’s economy and various other areas. In an essay prior to this paper, we looked at pre-marital sex from a public policy standpoint by judging the issue from five contexts: political, economic, social, historical, and ethical. In this essay, we will continue to examine pre-marital sex as a public policy issue, but we will be focusing on the policy implementation process; first by looking at what may cause it to be a problem, then by looking at the steps that the U.S. Government can take to find alternatives and implement policies, after we can look at policies that the U.S. Government has taken to fix the problem, and finally we will examine the most important criteria that is necessary to evaluate a public policy. Before I begin, I feel that it is important to draw attention to a portion of my first essay. Since we are looking at the implementation of policies, we must first come to a conclusion as to what the issue we are looking at affects most. Out of the five contexts examined in the first essay, I believe that the economic problems caused by pre-marital sex is the primary focus of the U.S Government; therefore, when looking for the root cause of the problem, we will be looking at it from the eyes of U.S policy makers and what they might...
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...Running Head: DIVORCE CASE OF BELONGINGS Divorce Case 894 N.E. 2d 206 Maria Soto-Caro Business Law MAN224 March 23, 2013 The case that got my attention is one about a divorce were the couple had their individual property separately titled. Facts: After their marriage, William and Peggy Brackin kept their individual property separately titled. They had signed a premarital agreement that said either could make any gift to his or her respective spouse, and that gift would become the separate property of the done spouse. William told Peggy to give her car to her grandson and William would buy her a car. After Peggy gave away her car, and prior to the marriage, William purchased a Pontiac, telling Peggy that it was her car. William titled the Pontiac in this name only. After their marriage, William traded in the Pontiac and purchased a Buick. William paid for the Buick with his own funds but titled the vehicle in both his and Peggy’s names. William drove the Buick home and said, “ Peggy come out and see the car I bought you.” Peggy primarily drove the car. Later, during an argument with Peggy, William took a hammer and repeatedly stuck the door handle of the Buick until the handle fell off. In divorce proceedings, Peggy claimed William had made a gift to her made a gift to her of the Buick. Outcome: The court found that William’s statement indicated his intention to make the Buick a gift to Peggy and her driving it showed delivery and acceptance of the gift. Pg.150 ...
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...flesh.’ Again, interpretation of this differs. This then encourages the idea in many Christians that premarital sex is wrong and should only be practiced in the confines of marriage. It says in Corinthians 6:16 ‘love is patient, love is kind, it does not envy….’ It could be interpreted that because it says love is patient it is suggesting Christians should be patient, which could suggest they should be patient in sexual relations. Following that, the bible states that pre-marital sex has many consequences that should be avoided such as sexually transmitted diseases and aids. In Corinthians 6:18 flee from sexual sin no other sin so clearly effects the body as this one does, for sexual immorality is seen a sin against your own body. This could be interpreted in a way which means that Christians should not participate in premarital sex because scripture states that if one does then it is going against the will of god and achieving salvation is going to be impossible. Most Catholics would argue that pre-marital sex is forbidden and shouldn’t be done. This is because they follow natural and see sex as a purpose of reproduction. This is backed up in Genesis 2:26 God made the first man Adam and first women Eve, God commanded them to ‘go forth and be fruitful and multiply’ so Christians should only engage in sexual activity in the confines...
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...Granatino [2010] UKSC 42 is concerned with whether and to what extent a court should take an ante-nuptial agreement into account in exercising its discretion under section 25 of the Matrimonial Causes Act 1973. Section 25 matrimonial Causes Act 1973 states that the duty of the court when considering to exercise its powers and if so, and in what manner, to have regard to all the circumstances of the case with first consideration given to any child of the family who has not yet reached the age of 18 years. The court are also reluctant to have regard to numerous other matters including the financial needs, obligations, responsibilities which each of the parties to the marriage has or is likely to have in the foreseeable future. in Radmacher, Ms Radmacher, a German national, and Mr Granatino, a French national, entered into an ante-nuptial agreement before a notary in Germany three months to the wedding. This what at the insistence of Ms Radmacher who stood to gain a significant amount of wealth from the lucrative family business and was threatened with disinheritance by her father should she proceed into the marriage without such an agreement. The main scope of the agreement was translated into English for Mr Granatino with the option for him to seek independent legal advice open to him. Mr Granatino declined to seek this independent advise and proceeded to sign the agreement. The Radmacher-Granatino Union lasted a period of 8 years during which Ms Radmacher bore Mr Granatino...
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...Dictionary. Divorce can be a cause and effect therefore, throughout the paper the three causes will be explained and three effects will follow. Three Main Points From the research not all marriages fail for the same reasons one of the causes of divorce are communications problems. This may occur before the couple come together as one. Couples don’t communicate because of pressing issues that each individual may be experiencing or if the expectations was not clear from the beginning of the relationship. Also, talking about your feelings in a marriage is important because then you can figure out exactly how to improve in a relationship but if they are not discussed than this to can fail a marriage. Also, if a couple does not communicate pre-marital issues before tying the knot then they will realize during the marriage things should have been set before. Therefore, these issues can get worst during the marriage. Financial issues are a huge reason divorces occur often. In marriages financial hardships hurts marriages because of unemployement, uncertainty, unequal financial position, and excessive spending. With each of these factors it causes disagreements between a relationship and financial support fails. When unemployment occurs whether it is short term or long term some of the effects are depression, blame, panic, anxiety, fear, and the worse thing is feeling helpless. Blaming the unemployed spouse for the issue can ruin a marriage. Unequal financial position is another financial...
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...clearly states his opinion on prenuptial agreements[1]. He deems them necessary so as the individuals could avoid the stress involved in judicial cases on marriage assets. He conceptualizes prenuptial agreements as a great way to avoid unnecessary anxiety, stress and expenses of judicial proceedings[2]. I totally agree with his concepts on and base my essay on the support of his notion. The uniqueness of this case is that there was a prenuptial agreement and yet there still was a court case. This was because the prenuptial agreement was signed in another country and it legitimacy was being contested. Not only have that different countries had different rules on these contracts. Marriage and civil partnerships require a prenuptial agreement to justify the mind set the couple were in the time of commitment. In case of separation, the prenuptial agreements re not so weighty in a court of law. It is in fact a lee way that assists the judges provide a ruling based on the evidence of an agreement at marriage[3]. This is physical evidence of what inspired during the time they agreed to get married. The agreement is aimed to protect family assets and ensure a proper future for the children in case separation. The court makes the final decision guided by the prenuptial agreement and the current issues leading to the separation. It will also consider the welfare of both parties and the children in its ruling. The prenuptial agreement also assists in pre-empting matters prior to separation...
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...02/20/2014 Bi-weekly Taxes Federal Primary State Secondary State Local State Codes OH Marital Status Single Single Allowances 1 1 0 0 Additional Amounts Messages Please open this link to view: Health Care Reform: What you need to know as a Securitas Employee. To open the links below, right click on the link and choose the 'Open in New Window' option. View the: Securitas Sexual Harassment Policy. View the: Securitas EEO Policy. Effective immediately, all Securitas USA employees are subject to mandatory binding arbitration. In the event that any of the provisions contained in the Arbitration Agreement conflict with terms contained in a valid collective bargaining agreement covering a Securitas USA employee, the terms of the valid collective bargaining agreement applicable to such employee shall apply to the employee. Information regarding this policy has been forwarded to all employees. If you have not received a copy of the Arbitration Agreement, please contact your Branch HR Representative. Thank you. Please open this link to view the: Values and Ethics Code. Earnings ST TOTAL HOURS AND EARNINGS: PRE-TAX DEDUCTIONS TOTAL PRE-TAX DEDUCTIONS: TAX DEDUCTIONS FICA-Social Security FICA-Medicare FED - Withholding OH - Withholding OH COLUMBUS - Withholding TOTAL TAX DEDUCTIONS: AFTER-TAX DEDUCTIONS TOTAL AFTER-TAX DEDUCTIONS: Net Pay Total Net Pay : Pay Summary Earnings Pre-Tax Deductions Federal Taxable Wages Social Security Taxable Wages Medicare (HI) Taxable Wages...
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...to be married, or those already married, can take to make this situation easier. Prenuptial and postnuptial agreements may have something of a bad name, but they are a useful tool if divorce becomes necessary. Prenuptial agreements, also known as premarital agreements, are contracts entered into before the beginning of a marriage providing for division of the assets should the marriage later fail. Since they are contracts, in order to be considered valid prenuptial agreements are subject to the same requirements as any other contract. This means that the agreement must be in writing, signed by both parties, entered into voluntarily, and notarized....
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...Commonwealth of massachussetts suffolk county Probate and family court department patty bean,Plaintiff,vs.david bean,Defendant | Case No.: 2014KUJUDGEMENT OF DIVORCE | This Action was submitted to this court for consideration this date (on inquest of April 27, 2014). The defendant was served personally to court order dated May 1, 2014 within the Commonwealth of Massachusetts. Plaintiff presented a verified complaint. The Defendant has appeared and waived his right to answer. The Court accepted written proof of non-military service. The Plaintiff’s address is 123 West Golf Rd, Boston, MA 12345, and social security number is 000-00-1456. The Defendant’s address is 456 East Lark St Boston, MA 12345 and social security number is 123-40-0000. Now on motion of Divorce, the Plaintiff, it is: ORDERED AND ADJUDGED that the Referee’s Report, if any, is confirmed, and it is further ORDERED AND ADJUDGED that Plaintiff shall have a judgment dissolving the marriage on the evidence found in the Findings of Fact and Conclusions of Law based upon M.G.L.A. Ch. 208, § 1, 1A, AND 1B. ORDERED AND ADJUDGED that plaintiff and defendant will have joint legal custody of the children of the marriage, and is further ORDERED AND ADJUDGED that defendant will have unrestricted and flexible visitation rights during holidays, birthdays, spring break and summer break, Parties agree to split the costs of traveling expenses, and is further ORDERED AND ADJUDGED that plaintiff will have physical...
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...and 1.7.2. Subsection 1.7.1 addresses context scope of the study and subsection 1.7.2 represents Geographical scope of the study. Section 1.8 explains the significance of the study. 1.1 Background of the study F oreign direct investment has been a subject of interest for many years now and has continued to be one in recent years. One of the reasons for this interest is that foreign direct investment or FDI has in the last decades seen a massive surge, according to UNCTAD (2012) the foreign direct investment inward stock of the world has grown from 2.081 billions of dollars in 1990 to a 14.588 billion pre-crisis average in 2005-2007 and has continued to grow to reach a staggering amount of 20.438 billion in 2011. An increase of more than 882% in little over 20 years. Because of the current worldwide economic turmoil the foreign direct investment inflows dropped from a pre-crisis average between 2005 and 2007 of 1.473 billions of dollars to only 1.198 in 2009. However the inflows have gradually picked up again since then and have reached 1.524 billion in 2011,...
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...Module of Marriage Bob Dylan said it the best, “The times they are a changing”. The purpose of marriage in today’s society is no longer what it was over a century ago. Families in the early 1900s were depicted in movies such as “A Midsummer Night’s Dream” where arranged marriages were the social norm. The Adventures of Ozzie and Harriet or Leave It to Beaver were the “families” of the mid-1960s.They were comprised of two parents, two children and a happy stable environment. The Husband’s role was that of the provider, with the Wife’s role being that of a homemaker and nurturing mother. The children were a reflection of their parent’s social reverence to society norms. In the late 1960s – 1970s cultural norms regarding marriage, pre-marital sex/cohabitation and childrearing changed significantly. The family was replaced by divorced parents or blended families, reflected in shows such as “Different Strokes,” “One Day at a Time,” and “Parent Trap” reflected such. Currently, non-traditional families are accompanied by same sex marriage and depicted in sitcoms such as Modern Family, which combines multiple variations of family models in one show. These various family modules are becoming widely accepted in society, along with changes in the social module of marriage, as “traditional family values are being swept away by a wave of tolerance toward lone mothers, gay couples and unmarried parents” Richard, Kellner and Wintour (1998). Research shows that over the past one hundred...
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...Divorce Josefina Ramirez COM/220 July 31, 2011 Cassandra Shellhorn In life we live happy and unforgettable moments. One of the best days of my life was when I got married. Not even in a million years I would have imagined that I will ever get divorced. The thought would off never cross my mind until. A divorce does not start from one day to the other. It is time consuming, agitating, and costly. The process of my divorce started on April 1st, 2010. My lawyers prepared and submitted the initial paper work to the Court of Jackson County, in the state of Missouri, case No. 1016-FC03062-01 Division 30. I was not a happy person since I had to appear in court more than once. Some of the mayor drives for divorce are lack of communication, financial disagreement, and adultery. Statistics indicate divorce rate has increase within the last decade in the USA; divorce causes emotional distress for couples, and effects the children as well. As indicated by the articles read, the first of the Boomers (circa 1946) are now in their sixties and reluctantly nearing retirement age. Age at Marriage for Those Who Divorce in U.S. (Divorcestatistics.org) Age Under 20 years old 27.6% (women) 11.7% (men) 20 - 24 years old 36.6% (women) 38.9% (men) 25 - 29 years old 16.4% (women) 22.3% (men) 30 - 34 years old 8.5% (women) 11.6% (men) 35 - 39 years old I will like to first start by adding that statistic show how the number of divorces has increase within the last decade. Believed to be 5...
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...Brittany I will validate your initial statement wholeheartedly that close proximity brings up more conflict, can be done easily with a long road trip, an overseas deployment on a small operating base, or a small office at work with other coworkers. The idea that many issues that come to pass are a result of miscommunication is also accurate although there are times when individuals fundamentally believe differently on issues of importance. My wife and I originally felt differently about names for our future kids and due to the passion behind our views, the matter was not easily solved. We found out in much needed pre-marital counseling that the best outcome of a negotiation is a collaboration where two individuals work together towards a common...
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...CHAPTER I INTRODUCTION The Responsible Parenthood and Reproductive Health Act of 2012 (Republic Act No. 10354), informally known as the Reproductive Health Law or RH Bill, is a law in the Philippines, which guarantees universal access to methods on contraception, fertility control, sexual education, and maternal care. While there is general agreement about its provisions on maternal and child health, there is great debate on its mandate that the Philippine government and the private sector will fund and undertake widespread distribution of family planning devices such as condoms, birth control pills, and IUDs, as the government continues to disseminate information on their use through all health care centers. Passage of the legislation was controversial and highly divisive, with experts, academics, religious institutions, and major political figures declaring their support or opposition while it was pending in the legislature. Heated debates and rallies both supporting and opposing the RH Bill took place nationwide. The Supreme Court delayed implementation of the law in March 2013 in response to challenges. As of August 18 this delay was still in force "until further orders". REVIEW OF RELATED LITERATURE One of the most controversial issues confronting the Philippines today is about reproductive health. Many written materials and publications are available asserting about elements of reproductive health with different perspectives. Their ultimate goal is to...
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