...Health website: http://www.globalhealth.gov/index.html 3. Families USA - Why Global Health Matters—Here and Abroad website: http://www.familiesusa.org/ 4. World Health Organization (WHO) website: http://www.who.int The social determinants of health are defined as the circumstances in which people are born, grow up, live, work, and age, as well as the systems put in place to deal with illness. (WHO, 2008). An individual born into poverty may be exposed to poor sanitation, little or no available medical care, no education, and no pre-natal care. The determinants of early childhood death can be correlated to a lack of pre-natal care. The social determinants related to work are the kind of work, the health or safety risks involved in performing the work, and the wages that allow a person to sustain themselves in housing, healthcare and food are also part of the picture. As little as a few miles can make the difference between a life expectancy of 59 years and 82 years. The poorest can have the highest under-five mortality rates and the wealthiest the lowest under-five mortality rates (WHO, 2008). Genes and age are a small part of a persons, or populations overall health. A larger influence comes health behaviors such as tobacco use, or drug addiction. Social...
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...Santiago P' " EXPLANATORY NOTE The Constitution, Article 2, Section 9 provides that: The State shall promote a just and dynamic social order that will ensure the prosperity and independence of the nation and free the people from poverty through policies that provide adequate social services, promote full employment, a rising standard of living, and an improved quality of life for all. According to 2006 Annual Poverty Statistics of the National Statistical Coordination Board, 27.9 Million Filipinos or one-third (l/3) ofthe entire population are poor. To address this problem the Department of Social Welfare and Development (DSWD) together implemented a Conditional Cash Transfer Program known as Pantawid Pamilyang Pilipino Program (4Ps) inspired by the successes of similar programs in Latin American countries such as Bolsa Familia in Brazil, Familias en Accion in Colombia and OPORTUNIDADES in Mexico. The Pantawid Pamilyang Pilipino Program (4Ps) is more than a welfare program; it addresses structural inequities in society and promotes human capital development of the poor, thus, breaking the intergenerational cycle of poverty. The conditions attached to the grants require parents to undergo trainings on responsible parenthood, have their children undergo health check-ups and ensure school attendance. The program ensures that there is sufficient resource for the health, nutrition and education of children aged 0-14 year old. An initial study on the pilot areas of the program shows...
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...Hispanic American Minority Group Essay Luke M. Perry Grand Canyon University: NRS-429VN 3/19/2016 Minority Group Essay As a baby nurse here in the valley, I am starting to realize how important it is to know about and educate myself on other cultures. In my short three weeks at the bedside this writer has come across dozens of times that an interpreter was needed to be able to understand and care for them. Out of all these people, clearly the most significant amount of minorities were that of the Hispanic culture. Hispanic minorities are the second largest growing minority group in the United States. In this paper we’re going to talk about the current health status of this minority group, how health promotion is defined by them, and also what health disparities exist for this minority class. First let’s take a look at their current health status in relation to the national average. Hispanic Americans are the biggest ethnic minority population in the United States and account for about one out of every six civilians. According to the Center for Disease Control (CDC, 2016) by 2035 that number could jump to one in every four. “Heart disease and Cancer in Hispanics are the two leading causes of death, accounting for approximately two out of five deaths, which is nearly equivalent to the white population” (CDC, 2016). Out of the ten leading causes of death in Americans, this population has a lower death rate than whites in all categories with only a few exceptions...
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...Journal of Social Development in Africa (1996), 11.1.33-42 Social Work Education for Social Development * M GRAY, F MAZIBUKO & F O'BRIEN ** ABSTRACT Social work as a profession has an obligation to respond to and, if necessary create, societal agendas. Social development is clearly on the current societal agenda. This paper examines the different emphases and levels of social development and advocates a broad perspective of the concept. The relationship between social development and social work is then explored. Shared values and goals augur well for a constructive relationship. Finally the paper addresses the importance of education for social workers to participate in social development initiatives. Teaching and practice curricula are discussed as well as different levels of training. The paper concludes with recommendations for future networking, both between educators and disciplines, and research and literature. Introduction According to Ira Goldenberg, professions are shaped by the social and political realities of their time and by the societies of which they are a part (Franklin, 1990). This is clearly evident...
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...The Pantawid Pamilyang Pilipino Program (4Ps) is a human development measure of the national government that provides conditional cash grants to the poorest of the poor, to improve the health, nutrition, and the education of children aged 0-18. It is ...
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...for all relevant staff groups who provide care. This training needs analysis (TNA) and training plan outlines the minimum training needs of all relevant staff groups within the Directorate and provides details of the comprehensive programme of educational sessions. The TNA focuses on the service specific training requirements considered to be mandatory by the Directorate to meet policy and CNST requirements. Trust wide mandatory training requirements are identified in the Trust Mandatory Training Policy and TNA, and therefore are not included in this document. 3. Service Description The maternity department based at the Royal Victoria Infirmary (RVI) delivers approximately 7,100 women per annum. We offer antenatal, intrapartum and post natal services to women with both low and high risk pregnancies. As a regional unit we also provide care to women with...
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...The arguments in favour of reserved representation can be simply delineated: Women represent half of the population of a country and therefore have the right to half of the Seats, since decisions made in parliament have a direct impact on their lives. - Women have different social and biological experiences which should be represented in Institution of governance. - Women and men have partly conflicting interests. - Women in positions of power can inspire more women to place themselves in influential and decision-making roles. Providing reservations to a particular section of community in government jobs and other institutions is generally the highlight of any political party’s agenda these days. Now there have been discussions about providing reservations to women in government jobs and democratic institutions like legislative assemblies and Parliament also. Sometimes one feels that basically the reservation issue is nothing but a populist policy of a government, but still it is necessary to discuss the rationale behind such a policy. Can reservations for women be an effective measure and do the women really require such special treatment? These are the points which need to be addressed. It is nothing but a truism to say that the present status of women in the Indian society vis-à-vis the status of men is far from satisfactory. For centuries, Indian society like most of the other societies has been a male-dominated one. Perhaps the degradation of the status of women...
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...President Thabo Mbeki President of South Africa Pretoria 16 October 2000 Dear Mr President This report is the third of my quarterly reports to you. The main purpose of these reports is to brief you on progress in relation to specific strategic objectives that we have set ourselves in taking the project of education transformation further. Even though each of these reports has a specific objective and focus, there is an intended element of continuity between the reports as we seek to assess whether or not we are achieving the intended cumulative gains in turning around the crisis in education that I expounded upon in my Call to Action released on 27 July 1999. The content of this report therefore seeks to review the state of progress against the background of the baseline sketched in the first two reports. This report is also different from the first two reports in one significant dimension. I have elected for this analysis to be much more analytical than the first two reports. This is reflected in the different methodology employed in conducting the analyses contained in this report. The analyses presented in the first two reports were based on information obtained from questionnaires administered in all the Provincial Education Departments. For this report, I deployed teams of senior officials to visit each of the provinces to solicit information first hand and to engage in conversations with senior political and professional officials responsible for education in the province...
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...range from 14-25 often experience fast hormonal secretions that usually associated with active and rapid biotic potential. Early sexual maturity becomes a primordial factor for fertility and early teenage pregnancy. This then is the scenario that strive the researchers to conduct experiment that provide information on the use of Alstonia Scholaris as a viable material for controlling population. 1.2 Statement of the Problem The project undertaken by the researchers on the Alstonia Scholaris extract as applied to “rabbit” sought to answer the following questions: 1. What is the effect of Alstonia scholaris extract on the biotic potential of “Oryctolagus Cuniculus”? 2. How effective is the use of Alstonia Scholaris extract to the life of “Oryctolagus Cuniculus” in terms of: a. antifertility b. implantation/inhibitory of hormonal activity c. gestation 3. To what extent is the use of Alstonia Scholaris extract before and after mating of the “Oryctolagus Cuniculus” in terms of: a....
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...Culture of SOUTH AFRICA http://www.everyculture.com/Sa-Th/South-Africa.html ORIENTATION Identification. South Africa is the only nation-state named after its geographic location; there was a general agreement not to change the name after the establishment of a constitutional nonracial democracy in 1994. The country came into being through the 1910 Act of Union that united two British colonies and two independent republics into the Union of South Africa. After the establishment of the first colonial outpost of the Dutch East India Company at Cape Town in 1652, South Africa became a society officially divided into colonizer and native, white and nonwhite, citizen and subject, employed and indentured, free and slave. The result was a fragmented national identity symbolized and implemented by the white minority government's policy of racial separation. Economic status has paralleled political and social segregation and inequality, with the black African, mixed-race ("Coloured"), and Indian and Pakistani ("Asian") population groups experiencing dispossession and a lack of legal rights. Since the first nonracial elections in 1994, the ruling African National Congress (ANC) has attempted to overcome this legacy and create unified national loyalties on the basis of equal legal status and an equitable allocation of resources. Location and Geography. South Africa has an area of 472,281 square miles (1,223,208 square kilometers). It lies at the southern end of...
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...development program that invests in the health and education of children. It aims to provide monetary aid to poor beneficiaries with the hope that these investments in human capital would lessen the great financial divide among the haves and the have nots. GOALS: (1) Eradicate extreme poverty and hunger (2) Achieve Universal Primary Education (3) Promote gender equality and empower women (4) Reduce child mortality, and (5) Improve maternal health and to promote Department’s commitment to United Nations’ Convention on the Rights of Children OBJECTIVES #Social Assistance – to provide cash assistance to the poor, to alleviate their needs (short term poverty alleviation) #Social Development – to break the intergenerational cycle of poverty through investments in human capital (nutrition, health and education THE BENEFITS • Health and Nutrition Grant A household receives a total of P6,000 per year or P500 per month intended for health and nutrition needs of the family such as food, medicine, and vitamins. • Education Every household receives a total of P3,000 per year or P300 per month per child for 10 months a year, to a maximum of 3 children per household. A household with three qualified children receives a subsidy of P1,400/month during the school months or P15,000 for the whole year for as long as they comply with the...
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...chain reaction (PCR) is greatly used in molecular genetics. It entails amplification of a single DNA strand into millions of similar DNA fragments. It involves three stages in each cycle. It is repeated to about 30 cycles. This method is vital as it is used in various processes such molecular identification, genetic engineering, and sequencing. The three stages in each cycle have varying duration and temperature. A thermal cycler is involved in the regulation of temperature in various stages. Over time, various modifications have been done to PCR technique so that it can be applied in specific roles. The PCR has been of aid in the diagnosis of diseases and other numerous applications. In the near future, PCR will be advanced and perhaps replaced by better techniques. Nevertheless, PCR will remain critical for future advancements in molecular genetics. Introduction Polymerase chain reaction (PCR) is broadly employed by scientists in biochemistry and molecular biology. Thus, its essence cannot be underestimated in the development of genetic analysis and gene manipulation. The technique was established by Karry Mullis in the early 1980s. It entails amplification of a single or several DNA fragments into millions of identical copies of DNA. The process is done by repeated number of cycles that range between 30 to 40. This results into a chain reaction. The automated machine used in the cycling process is a thermal cycler. It regulates the temperature in various...
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...earning barely enough to live on herself, let alone bring up two children. Then her life changed beyond recognition. Today she earns around 650 rupees (US$16) a month, is widely recognized and respected in her community, and has become a role model for other women wanting to raise themselves out of poverty. What changed was a visit to her village by a representative from Hindustan Unilever and her decision to become a Project Shakti entrepreneur. Hindustan Unilever, the Indian arm of global consumer goods company Unilever, is one of India’s leading businesses, with an annual turnover of US$2.3 billion and a history in India stretching back a hundred years. It markets such well-known international brands as Lipton, Lifebuoy, Surf, Vim and Pond’s, as well as local brands, such as Kissan, Annapurna, Lakme and Wheel. Unilever has always held the firm belief that the private sector can contribute to social development by creating win-win solutions to social challenges through innovative strategies that meet both business and social objectives. It was this philosophy that prompted Hindustan Unilever to create Project Shakti, a unique micro-enterprise initiative that is both a catalyst for rural wealth creation and a successful business operation. Meeting the challenge before she became a Shakti entrepreneur is no different from that of hundreds of millions of others trapped in the vicious cycle of poverty. (See Figure 1) The micro-finance...
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...1.4 Research Questions 11 1.5 Significance of the study 12 2 CHAPTER TWO: LITERATURE REVIEW 13 2.1 Introduction 13 2.2 DATA, INFORMATION, KNOWLEDGE AND RECORDS MANAGEMENT 13 2.2.1 An overview of data, information, knowledge and records 13 2.2.2 Role of data, information, knowledge and records in organizations 14 2.2.3 Information and knowledge as critical resources in development 15 2.3 Meaning of Record 17 2.3.1 Records Management 17 2.3.2 Record keeping principles 18 2.3.3 Management of Public Records 27 2.3.4 Functions and responsibilities of a records office 28 2.4 Record management policies 29 2.5 Managing electronic records 30 2.6 THEORETICAL FRAMEWORK OF THE STUDY 31 2.6.1 Records life-cycle 31 2.6.2 Records continuum 33 2.6.3 Hybrid records life-cycle theory 36 2.6.4 Linking the theoretical framework to the research problem 37 3 CHAPTER THREE: RESEARCH METHODOLOGY 39 3.1 Introduction 39 3.2 Research area 39 3.3 Research design 39 3.4 Population and sampling procedure 39 3.5 Data collection tools 40 3.5.1 Questionnaire 40 3.5.2 Observation 41 3.5.3 Documentation 41 3.5.4 Interviews 41 3.6 Data analysis 41 4 BIBLIOGRAPHY 42 CHAPTER ONE INTRODUCTION According to the Federal Records Act (1950), a record is, “recorded information, regardless of medium or characteristics, made or received by an organization that is evidence of its operations and has...
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...Life Factors (PIES) Life Factors (PIES) Cystic fibrosis Physical Effects A hereditary disorder affecting the exocrine glands. It causes the production of abnormally thick mucus, leading to the blockage of the intestines, and bronchi and often resulting in respiratory infection. Cystic fibrosis affects the pancreas because a buildup of thick, sticky mucus blocks the ducts reducing the amount of insulin produced and stopping digestive enzymes from reaching the intestines for digestion. This can cause malnutrition, leading to poor growth, physical weakness and delayed puberty. Symptoms usually start in early childhood and include: •persistent cough •recurring chest and lung infections •poor weight gain. An early sign is that an affected child’s sweat is unusually salty, which can be noticeable when you kiss your child. One in every ten babies born with cystic fibrosis develops a bowel obstruction called meconium ileus at birth or within the first few days of life. In these cases the meconium is so thick that it blocks the bowel instead of passing through. Babies with meconium ileus often need an urgent operation to relieve and bypass the blockage. Individuals with cystic fibrosis are prone to developing bone disease (thin, brittle bones) due to a lack of nutrition (which is lost through stools because of the damaged pancreas), and other complaints related to the disease. Adults with cystic fibrosis also have an increased risk of bone disease, which is a side effect...
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