...the illness, the patient’s susceptibility to the illness, benefits of preventative actions and barriers that prevent the patient from taking that action (Current Nursing, 2013). The first thing that a nurse would need to do is to determine if the patient’s level of understanding of what the behavioral change means to him and his health. If the patient does not know why he is making this change then how effective is this change going to be. He will attempt to make the change to appease the nurse or because the nurse said so. The patient has to be aware of the impact of the change and if he thinks that it will be beneficial to his health. Based on the answer that the nurse receives from the patient then the next step will be made which is developing a plan. The patient has to be involved in the plan and the patient’s feedback is important. During the planning phase, the nurse can reiterate about the illness and the benefits of lifestyle changes. She can give the patient information to read and allow the patient to ask questions. While doing this, the nurse is aware of the patient’s cultural, spiritual and living situation. Information should be given in terms that the patient understand to ensure that the information is understood. This is also a good time to ask the patient to state his understanding of the information that was given to him. Whether the patient adheres to the lifestyle change depends on how he feels about...
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...slow down the reproduction of the virus in the body. Taking PrEP before having risky sexual contact can drastically reduce the likelihood of catching HIV, making it a strong tool in combating the disease. The authors come from diverse medical backgrounds, with MD licenses and degrees in public health. Mullins, Lally, Zimet all specialize in pediactrics; while Kowalczyk and Kahn work at Cincinnati Childrens’ hospital. 3. State the thesis of your reading. (one or two sentences, Do Not use a direct quote here) The thesis was how the authors would conduct their interviews and assess how clinicians felt about and the likelihood of using the guidelines given by the Center for Disease Control on prescribing PReP for adults and adolescents patients. 4. List the main parts of the reading. Introduction Methods Results Participants Characteristics Attitudes toward CDC interim PrEP guidance Adaptation of PrEP guidance Initiating PrEP Monitoring and follow-up after PrEP initiation Discontinuing PrEP Discussion 5. Define the problem or problems the author is attempting to solve....
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...governments and healthcare stakeholders use big data and predictive analytics to look for sustainable solutions to such problems as pursuit public health, deciding and implementing more appropriate treatment methods for patients, supporting clinical enhancements, monitoring the protection of healthcare systems, reassuring...
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...Annotated Bibliographies Lisa Stevens Kaplan University Annotated Bibliographies Au, A., McAlister, F., Bakal, J., Ezekowitz, J., Kaul, P., & vanWalraven, C. (2012). Predicting the risk of unplanned readmission or death within 30 days of discharge after a heart failure hospitalization. American Heart Journal, 164(3). 365-372. Retrieved from: http://www.medscape.com/viewarticle/771215_print This article sought to find an appropriate model to predict the risk of unplanned heart failure readmissions. The primary outcome from chart reviews also included death of heart failure patients within 30 days of discharge. The study looked at Centers for Medicaid and Medicare Services (CMS) models and the LACE+ index, to mention two of many that looked at prediction ability. The LACE+ index is a model that looks at length of stay, acuity, the Charlson comorbidity score and age, to predict readmissions. They found that no one model was appropriate in predicting the 30-day readmission rates, although using a combination of the models was an improvement to that predictor. The authors are all physicians, PhDs, or have a Master’s degree- helping to establish credibility. The authors also make a statement as to the funding of the project and that they (the authors) were solely responsible for all data collection, design and submission approval writing for the project, also lending credibility to the study. The references used for this study were appropriate in age, of the 28; 13 were...
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...care organizations in general and ambulatory settings in particular. Electronic medical records include comprehensive documentation of a patient’s medical history, easy access to medical data from remote sites, improved communication among the various providers involved in health care, easy access to medical information and state of the art resources over the Internet (medical journals, guidelines, evidence-based medicine databases, medication databases,) and clinical decision support. A recent systematic literature review suggests the use of information technology improves health care by increasing adherence to guidelines or protocol-based care, reduction of medical errors, and clinical monitoring and data aggregation, which are not feasible with paper (Shachak, 2009). A database search was conducted that focused on direct assessment of the electronic medical records impact on patient–doctor communication. A...
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...$37.2 billion here in the United States alone (2013). The incident of heart failure readmissions has increased over the last decades, distinctly related to the aging population and surpassed recovery after a myocardial infarction. Based on the Centers for Medicare and Medicaid Services (CMS) 2005 data, heart failure is the most frequent diagnosis among Medicare beneficiaries and the third highest reimbursement for hospitals (AHRQ, 2013). In 2009, CMS started the public reporting of readmission rates after being discharge for heart failure, and, the year after, the Patient Protection and Affordable Act inaugurated financial penalties for healthcare establishments with most rates of readmission within the 30 days after discharge. The elevated concern relating the want to decrease readmissions has been the biggest focused of national researchers and hospitals with the efforts of identifying and predicting which patients with heart failure are likely to be readmitted. Formulated designs and preventive strategies have been established, in order to avoid unnecessary readmissions. Heart failures risk factors are increased for an individual with hypertension, diabetes, coronary heart disease, congenital heart disease, and cardiomyopathy. Unhealthy behaviors can also be contributing factor as well for heart failure such as smoking, use of illegal drugs, and consumption of food high in sodium and cholesterol. II. Pathophysiology Heart failure (HF) is when the heart cannot pump out...
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...Budget management analysis is commonly used by mangers as a tool helping to make sure that all resources in existence get put to use correctly. The budgets are determined annually because they are determined by the preceding year’s budget and differences. Budgets can be controlled by specific techniques to control budgets within prediction, consider five to seven expense results with budget anticipations, explain possible factors that cause fluctuations, present ways to keep results associated with goals, share three benchmarking strategies, and consider the ones that could increase budget accuracy, and give good reason for the choices made. (Finkler, 2007) Several techniques are often used to regulate budgets; managers as well as the chief financial officer of nearly all health related agencies provide the techniques necessary to manage the budget. By balancing the budget the institution will likely be better organized for the financial guidelines, which are the company’s upcoming expenses. A few techniques that can improve balancing the budget are zero based, activity based, performance based, cost fluctuations and benchmarking. Zero based budgeting examines each individual expense within a business and justifies the necessity and expense of each. Activity based pricing is the accumulation of the operating cost records, which is also assigned to individual programs which include engineering. The performance dashboard applies the metrics of functioning and examines the reason...
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...hospitals across the nation could be as high as $11 billion/year (Lynch & Vickery, 2010). Initial identification of at risk patients has been one of the keys to successfully reducing stage 3 and 4 reported pressure ulcers. The Braden scale for predicting pressure sore risk is a universally accepted tool used to help nurses identify patients who are at risk of developing pressure ulcers. The scale evaluates each patient in the following six areas exposure to moisture, sensory perception, activity, and ability to change positions, nutrition, and exposure to shear (Rosenfeld, 2010). The identification of unit specific champions is a key strategy for the continued reduction of the prevalence of pressure ulcers. These leaders on the units serve as the educators for the remaining staff on the unit. These champions would be part of a multidisciplinary team, which reviews all new research, assistive devices, and evidence-based practice concerning the treatment and prevention of pressure ulcers. The multidisciplinary team would focus on key points the help take aggressive action against pressure ulcer prevention, some of the key points are education, documentation, setting benchmarks , and walk rounds. Education would focus on proper assessment, staging and accurate completion of the Braden scale. Consistent and thorough education would be provided to the patient and family. Documentation would be uniform and reduced to a...
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...characteristic histologic changes consisting of inflammation, crypt hyperplasia, and villous atrophy of the small intestine in genetically susceptible individuals. Significant variability in the clinical presentation of CD in the pediatric population complicates recognition of the disease in many patients. Treatment for CD consists of a lifelong strict gluten-free diet (GFD). Adherence to this diet is associated with resolution of most related signs and symptoms and a decreased risk of related complications. With an explosion of new knowledge over the span of two decades, our understanding of CD has changed dramatically. CD has gone from a rare condition causing gastrointestinal symptoms in children of European origin to a common disorder causing symptoms that affect multiple organ systems in all ages virtually worldwide.1 The overall prevalence of CD is similar in Europe and North America affecting up to 1% of the population.2,3 A large multicenter study in the United States, using serologic screening with biopsy confirmation to identify cases of CD, showed a prevalence of CD of 1:133 in individuals with no evident risk factors. Prevalence of CD in symptomatic patients was 1:56. The prevalence of diagnosed CD is much lower, especially in the United States. This reflects underrecognition and underdiagnosis related to the wide clinical spectrum of disease and the presence of silent disease.4 In the United States, the prevalence of CD in people of non-European descent...
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...medicine or for treatment of medical conditions. This paper may be reproduced in whole or in part with appropriate recognition to the author, John Y. Song, MD, and the publisher, the Health Care for the Homeless Clinicians’ Network, National Health Care for the Homeless Council, Inc. Second Printing February, 2000 National Health Care for the Homeless Council Health Care for the Homeless Clinicians’ Network Post Office Box 60427 Nashville TN 37206-0427 Phone 615/226-2292 Fax 615/226-1656 council@nhchc.org or network@nhchc.org http://www.nhchc.org i PREFACE HIV/AIDS and homelessness are twin plagues that take a staggering toll. Each condition complicates the other, and lives hang in the balance as health care providers and their patients try to sort through the complications and assure critical services. This paper is dedicated to the improvement of HIV/AIDS care for homeless people, and to the end of both of these plagues. In considering HIV/AIDS and...
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...alike. Healthcare costs have been steadily increasing, and a growing number of healthcare providers and patients worry that the recent budget crunches faced by healthcare providers will affect patient care in the years ahead. Healthcare providers are taking advantage of the American Recovery and Reinvestment Act (ARRA) stimulus funding to launch telehealth initiatives to face down some of healthcare’s most daunting challenges. According to the American Telemedicine Association: "Telemedicine is the use of medical information exchanged from one site to another via electronic communications to improve patients' health status. Closely associated with telemedicine is the term 'telehealth,' which is often used to encompass a broader definition of remote health care that does not always involve clinical services. Videoconferencing, transmission of still images, e-health including patient portals, remote monitoring of vital signs, continuing medical education and nursing call centers are all considered part of telemedicine and telehealth." Following decades of media attention focused on the potential for telemedicine to transform health care delivery, the technology has matured, as has the acceptance of its use among providers and payers. 2. The Value of Telehealth/Telemedicine Telehealth enables collaboration across the healthcare ecosystem, regardless of where patients and healthcare providers are located. As a result, telehealth delivers several major benefits to healthcare...
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...284 I The Johns Hopkins and the International Federation of Red Cross and Red Crescent Societies Control of communicable diseases 7 This measles 'jab' will help prevent this child from the consequences of measles such as pneumonia, malnutrition, blindness and brain disease. Photo:Marko Kokic,Canadian Red Cross Control of communicable diseases in emergencies Description This chapter gives an overview of common and emerging communicable disease threats among displaced populations because of natural and human-made disasters. General and disease-specific strategies for monitoring, preventing and controlling disease outbreaks are discussed. Learning objectives To review communicable diseases of public health importance; To discuss the basic principles for communicable disease control in emergency and post-conflict situations; To plan a communicable disease control programme for emergency settings; To discuss simple but effective ways of preventing outbreaks of communicable diseases; To describe how to manage specific disease outbreaks in emergency settings; To review re-emerging and other diseases that may affect displaced populations; To discuss how to monitor and evaluate communicable disease control programmes. Key competencies Identify communicable diseases of public health importance; Discuss the basic principles for communicable disease control in emergency and post-conflict situations; Discuss how to design and evaluate disease control...
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...Chapter I The Problem and Its Background Introduction Nursing involves specialized skills and application of knowledge based on education that has both theoretical and clinical components. Nursing upholds standards set forth by professional organizations and follows an established code of ethics. The concerns of nursing focus on human responses to actual or potential health problems and are increasingly focus on wellness, an area of caring that encompasses nursing’s unique knowledge and abilities. Nursing is rich in tradition, which is used to develop and redefine both the art and science of nursing. Furthermore, nursing is increasingly being recognized as scholarly with academic qualifications, research, and publication specific to nursing is increasingly becoming more widely accepted and respected. Background of the Study One of the major issues in nursing currently involves nursing education. Nursing profession provides a single route for the educational preparation of its practitioners. However, the development of nursing as a profession has resulted in three major educational routes that prepare graduates to write the National Council Licensure Examination (NCLEX) for registered nursing. The three traditional educational avenues that prepare men and women for registered nursing are hospital-based diploma programs, 2-year associate degree programs (primarily found at junior and community colleges), and baccalaureate programs (offered at 4-year colleges...
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...Office of the National Coordinator for Health Information Technology (ONC) Federal Health Information Technology Strategic Plan 2011 – 2015 Table of Contents Introduction Federal Health IT Vision and Mission Federal Health IT Principles Goal I: Achieve Adoption and Information Exchange through Meaningful Use of Health IT Goal II: Improve Care, Improve Population Health, and Reduce Health Care Costs through the Use of Health IT Goal III: Inspire Confidence and Trust in Health IT Goal IV: Empower Individuals with Health IT to Improve their Health and the Health Care System Appendix A: Performance Measures Appendix B: Programs, Initiatives, and Federal Engagement Appendix C: HIT Standards and HIT Policy Committees Information Flow Appendix E: Statutes and Regulations Appendix F: Goals, Objectives, and Strategies Appendix G: Acronyms ONC Acknowledgements Notes 3 6 7 8 21 28 36 49 51 65 67 70 74 77 77 78 Goal V: Achieve Rapid Learning and Technological Advancement 43 Federal Health IT Strategic Plan 3 Introduction he technologies collectively known as health information technology (health IT) share a common attribute: they enable the secure collection and exchange of vast amounts of health data about individuals. The collection and movement of this data will power the health care of the future. Health IT has the potential to empower individuals and increase transparency; enhance the ability to study care delivery and payment systems; and ultimately achieve...
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...The Benefits of Playing Video Games Isabela Granic, Adam Lobel, and Rutger C. M. E. Engels Radboud University Nijmegen Video games are a ubiquitous part of almost all children’s and adolescents’ lives, with 97% playing for at least one hour per day in the United States. The vast majority of research by psychologists on the effects of “gaming” has been on its negative impact: the potential harm related to violence, addiction, and depression. We recognize the value of that research; however, we argue that a more balanced perspective is needed, one that considers not only the possible negative effects but also the benefits of playing these games. Considering these potential benefits is important, in part, because the nature of these games has changed dramatically in the last decade, becoming increasingly complex, diverse, realistic, and social in nature. A small but significant body of research has begun to emerge, mostly in the last five years, documenting these benefits. In this article, we summarize the research on the positive effects of playing video games, focusing on four main domains: cognitive, motivational, emotional, and social. By integrating insights from developmental, positive, and social psychology, as well as media psychology, we propose some candidate mechanisms by which playing video games may foster real-world psychosocial benefits. Our aim is to provide strong enough evidence and a theoretical rationale to inspire new programs of research on the largely unexplored...
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