...Key factors in IPO 1. Effective management team As a company prepares for its IPO, it must expand its management capabilities. Who runs a company is what sells the IPO. Investors expect to see very knowledgeable, experienced professionals who are committed to the long-term success of the company. Thus, the company has to hire some individuals with public company experience in marketing, operations, development, and finance. And the company may also put in place a CFO, who has previously been through the IPO process. 2. Good underwriter A good investment banker is critical for the IPO. The underwriter will draft prospectus, assist with the filing, find investors, determine the offering price and sell the stock. Thus the company should conduct due diligence on a number of underwriters to assess which one is the right for it. And the company can find an underwriter that specializes in the company’s own industry, through this way the whole IPO process will go smoother. 3. Thorough IPO readiness assessment As company prepare for an IPO, an IPO readiness assessment can be useful to identify the big-picture issues and prevent the problems that will lead to the failure of the IPO. Besides, the IPO readiness assessment also helps the company to establish a timetable based on the actual work that needs to be done in the whole IPO process. 4. Early established IPO structure Successful IPOs determine the IPO structure at the beginning of the process. Existing stakeholder concerns...
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...How much to raise A&A Air Pty. Ltd. should consider the following factors when deciding whether to raise $75m or $90m through IPO: Resources Preparing for an IPO is a lengthy and resource intensive process that requires 12-24 months lead up time (EY, 2013). If A&A decides to raise $75m through the IPO, it would have to go through a similar process for secondary offering. This time and resource should be better invested in developing and implementing the growth strategy. The direct cost of this IPO is approximately $2.5m in administration fees plus $5.25m underwriter fees for $75m, or $6.3m for $90m. Spending the extra $1m in fees now to raise $90m, will save approximately $2.5M of administration fees of secondary offering. Investor opinion The decision to raise $90m may have a favorable effect on the IPO price, as it may indicate to investors that there is vision and plans for significant future growth. If raising additional equity a short time after IPO, the investors may feel question the need to raise more capital and may negatively influence the share price. Focus on growth If the IPO of $90m is successful, it will allow the owners to focus on the development and not be concerned by how to raise future funds (Wertz, 2013). Having necessary capital will assist A&A to start on the medium to long term development earlier and accelerate their growth. Timing and market conditions Careful timing of an equity capital raising is essential to ensure...
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...Initial Public Offer (IPO) * Offloading of Shares of Government owned companies and become listed under Dhaka Stock Exchange (Direct Listing) Regulations 2006 * 3.Unlisted Subsidiaries of listed companies can become listed through issuance of specie dividend, right shares or any similar distribution in accordance with The Listing Regulations of the Dhaka Stock Exchange Limited Listing Process is regulated by two regulations at Dhaka Stock Exchange Limited (DSE). They are: 1.The Listing Regulations of the Dhaka Stock Exchange Limited 2. The Dhaka Stock Exchange (Direct Listing) Regulations 200 General stages and relevant processes of listing with DSE through IPO 1. Decision to go Public * Appoint Issue Manager from Bangladesh Securities and Exchange Commission (BSEC) approved Issue Managers * Decide method of IPO with assistance from Issue Manager – Fixed Price or Book Building * In case of IPO under Book Building - Get Accounts audited by BSEC approved Panel of Auditors * Initiate process for credit rating - Mandatory for Bank, Insurance, NBFI and any issue with offer price at premium * Develop a Company Website with publications of Company Financials 2. Prepare Draft Prospectus * Assist Issue Manager in preparing Draft Prospectus in accordance with Securities and Exchange Commission (Public Issue) Rules, 2006 * Appoint Bankers to Issue, Underwriters etc. * In case of IPO under Fixed Price Method...
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...Although the terrorist attacks of 9/11 made the huge loss of the whole airline industry, JetBlue airways try to publish its own IPO after 2 years of profitable operation in 2002, This case study is summarizing the step to publish the IPO. Following this, it will discuss the disadvantage and advantage to publish the IPO and use the financial data to evaluate the price is suit for the first publish. In this case, there are three different share valuation methods: P/E multiple (comparison pricing); EBIT multiple (comparison pricing) and discounted free cash flow (fundamental pricing). Analysis the advantage and disadvantage of the IPO JetBlue has been successful to duplicate Southwest’s strategy which provides high aircraft utilization and low fare. The cost of per available-seat-mile is the lowest of the major U.S. airline in 2001 which is 6.98 cent compare with the industry average of 10.08 cents. On the other hand, JetBlue provides comfortable and convenient travel experience such as leather seats and free live TV. After these successful operations, JetBlue needed to raise capital use IPO for the further expansion. Although the non U.S. low-fare airlines have been publish IOP and the return is reasonable, there still have disadvantages to do this. Advantages: 1 For the financial reason, to issue IPO can increase the liquidity. Once to issue the IPO, JetBlue can get the money directly from investors. For example, JetBlue plan to issue 5,500,000 shares which price range $25 to...
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...TRX Inc. (Home Assignment). The Financial Analysts Melissa Gottschall, Jillian Marchand, Scott Duggan, Cary Konopka, Blair MacLaughlin, Jake Baker 1) In general, what attributes make a company a good candidate for an IPO? - Good Business History and Background: Investors will forecast future earnings off of the historical background of the company. It will also show that your company is stable. Many investors will be looking to hold the stock long-term, so if investors trust the background of the company, more people will be willing to invest. - Experienced Management: Good management can ensure that the company will make decisions that are best for the company and to ensure profitability. Also, good management is the basis for growth and performance. Strong management will creates a good public image. - Profitability: A profitable company tells investors that they will actually get a return on their investment. It also shows potential for growth, which can lead to dividends for investors. - Growing Industry: A company can’t grow in a shrinking industry. In a growing industry, the company has better potential to capture a larger portion of market share. - Growing Company: More is better. Investors will reach their maximum utility with a growing company. The objective is to maximize shareholder wealth. A growing company has the best chance of reaching this goal. 2) How does TRX compare on these dimensions? - Good Business History and Background: This...
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...1 Best practice recommendations for emerging markets IPOs Published by Deutsche Börse AG in collaboration with Deutsche Börse Listing Partners 2 Preamble Preamble The following recommendations and suggestions are designed to help issuers as well as participating banks and advisors to address the special characteristics of an emerging markets company’s initial public offering (IPO) and thus to contribute to a successful IPO. They do not constitute mandatory procedures for conducting an emerging markets IPO. The specific features of each issuer should always be taken into account. Therefore, the following recommendations should not be treated as a comprehensive list of the issues to be considered in emerging markets IPOs. For the purpose of these recommendations, emerging markets IPOs are IPOs of companies whose management, ownership structure and operations are predominantly located in an emerging markets country. Additional information Details on financing options and access to the capital market through Deutsche Börse can be found at www.xetra.com/listing_e. The Listing Center also offers an index of expert capital market specialists: Deutsche Börse Listing Partners. These independent service providers can also be searched by area of business and region: www.xetra.com > Listing > Listing Partners Your contact at Deutsche Börse Listing & Issuer Services Phone +49-(0) 69-2 11-1 88 88 E-mail issuerservices@deutsche-boerse.com Finance your future. Made in Germany ...
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...supervision of Professor Colin Blaydon as a basis for class discussion rather than to illustrate either effective or ineffective management. Copyright © 2003 Trustees of Dartmouth College. All rights reserved. To order additional copies, please call (603) 646-0522. No part of this document may be reproduced, stored in any retrieval system, or transmitted in any form or by any means without the express written consent of the Tuck School of Business at Dartmouth College. N As shown in Exhibits 1 and 2, mergers and acquisitions are much more common in recent years than IPOs. Entrepreneurs that dream of an IPO and insist upon it when seeking an exit are vastly reducing their opportunities for successfully monetizing their shares. O The most popular exit strategies are: • A merger with another company, either public or private • An acquisition by another company, either public or private • An Initial Public Offering (“IPO”) whereby a private company offers its shares to the general public through a registration process with the Securities and Exchange Commission (“SEC”) • A private placement, whereby the company sells its securities to accredited or institutional investors. T C O In the investment world, an “exit” is the process by which founders, management and investors in a startup or growth company successfully find public or corporate buyers for some or...
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...ACC201 Unit 5: Module 5 - M5 Assignment 1 Assignment 1: LASA: IPO Presentation You work for a medium sized privately held electronics firm which is considering transitioning to a publically held organization. Your boss found out that you were taking business courses at Argosy University and has asked you to prepare a presentation for upper level management to explain the process by which a privately held company would transition to publicly held company. He has asked you to describe the general accounting processes involved in establishing an initial public offering (IPO), including but not limited to accounting for all assets, liabilities and equities of the firm. Prepare a 15-20 slide professional MS PowerPoint presentation which covers the following: * Identify and explain the top five reasons private companies go public. * Explain information the firm is required to provide to the investor with complete transparency. * Compare and contrast the differences in accounting processes and procedures that medium sized companies such as yours go through when going public. * Discuss any concerns you believe the company should guard against while transitioning from privately held to publicly held (shareholder apprehension, fair market value, etc.) and provide solutions to each concern. Use the notes section in MS PowerPoint to explain your talking points. Use at least two charts and two additional graphics which support your points. Utilize at least three references...
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...CHICKEN IPO VALUATION AND NEGOTIATION FIN 433 WINTER 2016 PROFESSOR GREGG JARRELL Introduction Chicken is a private consulting firm that collects, stores, and analyzes “big data” for large corporations and governments. Chicken was founded in 2008 and had 2014 Sales of $516,302 and EBIT of $206,521. Chicken is planning to become a public firm via an Initial Public Offering (IPO) in which it will sell 100,000 newly-issued common shares to the US investing public at a pre-specified IPO price, and after the IPO it will be traded publicly on the NASDAQ Exchange at a post-IPO market price. Chicken currently has 100,000 shares of common stock outstanding (F shares) that are worth $20 per share before the IPO, all of which are owned by the Founding Shareholders (Founders). Simultaneously with the IPO, Chicken management will purchase 100,000 newly-issued common shares for a pre-specified Exercise Price. All shares of common stock have the same rights to dividends, liquidation, and votes on a per-share basis. All teams must first prepare Reports that perform a DCF valuation of Chicken and explain in detail your team’s strategy for the Negotiation Phase. Reports are due Wednesday, February 3, at 3:00 PM. The Negotiation Phase begins Wednesday, February 3 at 4:30 PM and ends Saturday, February 6 at 10:00 PM. Team Roles and Goals There are 4 team roles in this case. F Teams will represent the Founders who own the F shares. B Teams (Bank) will represent the...
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...Prepare response to Problems 1–4 (Ch. 22) of Financial management: Principles and applications . (22-1. What additional factors are encountered in international as compared with domesticfinancial management? Discuss each briefly.) See Above Questions... Select a Virtual Organization using the student website. Assume your organization is privately held, wants to expand operations, and is faced with three options for expansion: • Going public through an IPO • Acquiring another organization in the same industry • Merging with another organization Prepare a 1,050- to 1,400-word paper in which you compare and contrast options and make a recommendation about which strategy the organization must choose. Address: • Strengths of each approach- • Weaknesses of each approach - minimum of 350 words 22-1. What additional factors are encountered in international as compared with domestic financial management? Discuss each briefly.- 22-2. What different types of businesses operate in the international environment? Why are the techniques and strategies available to these firms different?- 22-3. What is meant by arbitrage profits?- 22-4. What are the markets and mechanics involved in generating (a) simple arbitrage profits, and (b) triangular arbitrage profits?- 22-1 When comparing the Domestic Financial Management with International Financial Management, the most important factor is Exchange Rate. Exchange rate arises between a domestic company (DC)...
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...significant drop in revenue due to an increase of users accessing Facebook through mobile devices. According to news reports, this lower revenue projection was selectively released by underwriter banks to only certain large investor clients and not included in the Registration Statement IPOs or initial public offerings are among the most exciting and closely followed events in the stock market. Although the excitement has cooled somewhat since the frenzy of the late 1990s when anyone with an idea that involved the word “Internet” could raise millions of dollars, IPOs still raise the market’s collective blood pressure. IPOs mark the transition of a company from a privately held to publicly held firm. Every incorporated business issues stock, however there are usually just one, two or a few stockholders, since most businesses start out small. These companies can’t sell stock to the general public beyond a small number of investors. If a company wants to raise a significant amount of capital without going into debt, one of the ways is to sell stock to the public. SEC Before a company can do this, it must register with the SEC (Securities and Exchange Commission) and prepare a public offering. This offering includes a prospectus and a number of other legal documents. The prospectus is the accounting and legal equivalent of taking your clothes off. Everything good and especially bad or risky about the company, the senior staff, and majority stockowners is reported...
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...1. Prepare a financial ratio analysis of Sino-Forest’s 2008-2010 financial statements. How would you assess the company’s operating performance and financial condition? Introduction and background 1. Financial analysis 2. Reverse merger One of the key words in this case is “reverse merger”. According to historical statistics, it is shown that the reverse merger one time had been a boom in the market all over the world. But, here comes the question, what is a reverse merger? Generally speaking, a reverse merger, also known as a reverse takeover or reverse IPO, is a simpler and time-shorter method for private companies to go public than common IPO. In a reverse merger, investors of the private company plan to purchase and obtain the major shares of a public shell company, which is then merged with their own investing private company. In order to consummate the deal, the acquirer often trades its own shares with the public shell company in exchange for the shell’s stock, transforming a private company into a public company. Comparing to common IPO, reverse merger must have its own advantages and disadvantages that trigger some companies to use this method while some companies do not. Firstly, common IPO requires the company to raise capital from the public, but some private companies actually do not want to go public because they do not want someone from outside have the significant influence or control of their own companies, and reverse mergers give...
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...and partners. His philosophy shows that customer is placed at No.1, major owner are No 2 while shareholders are No 3. He also states that an IPO was never have been their goal. As he said “We will continue to adhere to the principle of customer first, employees second, shareholders third”. Even Alibaba have become one of the greatest companies after they made a new IPO record in the history of New York Stock Exchange, but they will continue with their principle which is to protect the benefit of customers and shareholders and also to support their employees. Another difference between Jack Ma with other company leaders is Jack Ma only owns 7.8% of Alibaba’s shares that is surprisingly low for an owner of a big successful company which is less than 10%. The reasons why Jack Ma doing that is because he needed a large amount of capitals from external environment especially powerful foreign partners to help the growth of his company. Due to the shares that shareholders holding, Masayoshi Son’s Softbank owns 36% of Alibaba’s shares while Yahoo owns 24% of Alibaba’s shares which are larger than the shares hold by Jack Ma which was only 7.8% of the total shares. Jack Ma probably will be losing the ownership table if Alibaba goes public. Therefore, Jack Ma made an agreement with Yahoo to buy 12% of Alibaba’s shares when Alibaba conducts an IPO. Actually Jack Ma wants to create a dual-class share structure where he still can control the operation of Alibaba even though only a small portion...
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...International Public Offering (IPO) For A Global Firm Team D FIN/370 September 13, 2015 Joe Brennan (Introduction) An Initial Public Offering (IPO) is the means by which privately held companies transition into publicly traded companies. Hence the phrase, “taking a company public.” From an organizational standpoint, taking a company public is one of the biggest decisions a company’s board of directors will make in the company’s lifetime. The transition from a privately-held entity to a public one has a substantial impact on how the company operates. An initial public offering, or IPO, is the first sale of stock by a company to the public. A company can raise money by issuing either debt or equity. If the company has never issued equity to the public, it's known as an IPO. Investment Banker and Underwriter The role of the investment banker in an IPO is to find investors for a company that is looking to raise capital. The investment banker needs to help the company prepare a prospectus and eventually find clients who are willing to invest and then manage the final sale of the securities for the company. The underwriter works with the investment bank and handles selling the stock released in an IPO. “The underwriter takes the pulse of prospective buyers and then recommends an IPO price to list the shares for sale. An excessive price may leave the firm with unsold stock while a price that is too low will mean forgone revenue from the...
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...Introduction In today’s society, devices such as the iPad, iPhone, and iPod have become standard household gadgets, and the company behind these products, Apple Incorporated (Inc.) has lead the way in computer innovation. Since Apple released its initial public offering (IPO) in 1980, the company has thrived in all aspects of its business and breaking records on the stock market. This paper will discuss Apple’s company background, analyze the implementation and evaluation of its IPO, and conclude with the reason behind Apple was chosen. Company Background Before becoming the largest technological company in the world, Apple Inc.’s humble beginning started in April 1976 as a small private computer company owned by three men, Steve Jobs, Ronald Wayne, and Steve Wozinak. The company originally focused on creating personal computers for the first 25 years of its existence until 2001 when Apple Inc. introduced the iMac followed by the iPod, iPhone, and iPad. Over the last decade, Apple started purchasing various software corporations, such as the music company Lala, the personal assistant Siri, and most recently, Anobit Technologies, to integrate their products into Apple’s new computer innovations. Today, Apple Inc.’s main business and operational activities continue to focus on producing and marketing computer electronics, computer software, and personal computers through 357 retail stores in ten countries and its online store (Anonymous, n.d.). Much of Apple’s...
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