...emend the criminal and avoid his recidivism. And also suggests the ideal methods of prevention and treatment, therefore it traces the ideal criminal policy. In conclusion we mean by penology nowadays "a substitute which we call "science of struggle against criminality "that means the ideal methods of prevention and treatment as regards criminality ". so we shall explain at first the prevention and after that the treatment whether its method is legislative, judicial or executive. (1) ___________________ (1) Andenaes, Johannes , "The general preventive effects of punishment." University of Pennsylvania Law Review ,U.S.A ,1966, pp: 949-983. - Gibbs, Jack P. ,"Crime, punishment and deterrence." Southwest Social Science Quarterly , 1968 , pp: 515-530. - Green, Donald E., "Past behavior as a measure of actual future behavior: An unresolved issue in perceptual deterrence research." Journal of Criminal Law and Criminology, 1989 , pp: 781-804. B :- Crime Prevention :- B.1- Concepts of Crime Prevention : Terms such as "prevention," "control," and "deterrence" are frequently encountered in the literature of crime. However, their meaning often varies from one text to another. In this respect, penology is like...
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...LEYTE COLLEGES TACLOBAN CITY AN ASSESSMENT OF A PROPOSED CURFEW ORDINANCE FOR JUVENILE DELINQUENTS IN TACLOBAN CITY : SOME PROPOSALS A Research Proposal Presented To The Faculty Of The College Of Criminology,Leyte Colleges,Tacloban City In Partial Fulfillment Of The Requirements In Crim 6 (Criminal Research And Statistics) For The Degree Of Bachelor Of Science In Criminology SUBMITTED TO SHEILA F.BASILIO Instructor SUBMITTED BY JOSE JOEY V. IGANA IV MARILOU AGNES V. VENIGAS OCTOBER ,2012 APPENDIX A SURVEY QUESTIONNAIRE Direction: Respondents are advise to answer all questions honestly and sincerely. Only one answer is needed for every question. Put a check mark on the line for your chosen answer. 1. Demographic Profile 2.1 Age ____ 20 – 30 years old ____ 31 – 40 years old ____ 41 years old and above 2.2 Sex ____ Male ____ Female 2.3 Civil Status ____ Single ____ Married ____ Widow ____Separated ____ Divorce 2.4 Highest Educational Attainment ____ High School Graduate ____ College Level ____ with Masteral on Doctoral Degree 2. How effective will the implementation of curfew hours in Tacloban City? ____ Very Effective ____ Effective ____ Moderately Effective ____ Less Effective ____ Uneffective 3. What are the roles of the Barangay Officials in the implementation of curfew hours in Tacloban...
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... Prison and punishment is a part and parcel of the criminal jurisprudent. Prisons play a vital role in the administration of criminal justice system by aiding the courts in the due execution of the sentences awarded by them. Prison is like a tree of which criminal jurisprudent is a root and punishment is the branches of that tree and the fruit of that tree is the consequence of punishment on the offender. To punish criminals is a recognized function of all civilized States for centuries. From age-old traditionalism to recent modernism, broadly speaking four types of concept of punishment prevail, which modern penologists prefer to call “ theories of punishment”, are as follows:Deterrent Theory: Deter means to abstain from doing at act. The main objective of this theory is to impose severe penalties on offenders with a view to deterring them form committing further crime. This theory claims that people will avoid committing a crime if they believe the potential punishment for that crime outweighs the potential reward. The theory makes four major assumptions. First, the public is assumed to be aware of potential penalties. Second, it is assumed that there is a belief in the near-certainty of arrest and immediate penalization. Third, this penalty is assumed to be perceived as too unpleasant to justify any potential gains. Finally, it is assumed that people act rationally at all times.1 Retributive Theory: Reattribute means to give in return. This theory justify and follow Jeremy...
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...English 215A Bs Crim 3-2B Due,Ayla Sophia M. Manacmul,Roxanne H. David,Cheryl Rose S. Topic: POLICE PATROL I. Definition of Police Patrol II. Goals and objectives of Police Patrol III. Purpose and Importance of Police Patrol IV. Different methods of Patrol V. Effectiveness of Police Patrol in the Community VI. Conclusion I. Definition of Police Patrol -According to the microsoft.com/2002/06/27/microsoft-encarta-reference-library-2003 the following are definition of Patrol/Police Patrol. Patrol may refer to the regular tour made by a guard in a place in order to protect it or to maintain order. Patrol could mean a person or a group (such as a police or military unit) sent to carry out a tour of duty in a certain place with a particular mission either for reconnaissance purposes or simply to provide protection (PATROL is the backbone of the police department.the proof of this statement is that patrol force is the only division in the police organization that cannot be eliminated) II. Goals and Objectives of Police Patrol The following Goals and Objectives of Police Patrol are from the reference of Mrs.Elaine U. Bayag-O.The primary goals and objective of police patrol are, maintaining order protecting life and property. These are among the basic roles of government and government hires the police to perform these activities. 1. Preventing Crimes- Police attempt to prevent crime by trying to create a sense of omnipresence through...
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...Crime Prevention and Theory, Such as Crime Prevention through Environmental Design and other Preventive Programs University of Phoenix Survey of Justice and Security AJS/502 October 28, 2013 Crime Prevention and Theory, Such as Crime Prevention through Environmental Design and other Preventive Programs Criminal activity is not unplanned; it is either deliberate or opportunistic. Rendering to this philosophy, crime occurs when the activity area of a victim or objective crisscrosses within the activity area of a criminal. As crime rises a mass number of cities are requiring the implementation of crime prevention structures in the design of firsthand essential projects. Community crime prevention programs or strategies target changes in community infrastructure, culture, or the physical environment in order to reduce criminal acts. In a vast majority of cities the mythology of crime prevention embrace community watch organizations and policing, redevelopment of communities to pursue the involvement of residents, neighborhoods, churches and regional government organizations thus addressing the issues that contribute to criminal activities. One such organization is the National Crime Prevention Council which has made providing a multitude of preventive programs that include: Teens, Crime and the Community, McGruff Club, Celebrate Safe Communities among others to assist in addressing the needs and concerns of local communities. Although these programs are successful...
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...Chapter 1 Introduction To Criminology A-why criminology? There is very important and critical questions , impose it self at our minds. why do people get paid to study crime and criminal behavior , and why do people engage in this area of study ? There are a variety of answers of these questions, built around many kinds of concerns , like the anxiety, anger , and fear that are common responses to crime of the future crimes . former victims of crimes may contribute of showing the importance of studying criminology by, transferring them experience and feeling of anxiety, anger, and fear which Generated from crimes to other persons . Then the need to study criminology become at the forefront of priorities , to predict and control crime; the hope of preventing crime through individual and social reform the wish to understand and explain crime and societal reactions to it; and the simple desire to learn more about crime and what it can tell us about our society . Criminologists disagree, sometimes violently, about which of these kinds of concerns are most legitimate and important . So Criminology was the composite result of the thinking and endeavors of many people, and them desire to the understanding the individual behavior and deviation and the structuring of the social order . The study of crime has engaged the interest of many academic disciplines. Building on centuries of philosophical debate, systematic attempts to explain crime emerged from the developing biological...
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...Introduction To Criminology Prof. Dr. Ayman Elzeiny A-why criminology? There is very important and critical questions , impose it self at our minds. why do people get paid to study crime and criminal behavior , and why do people engage in this area of study ? There are a variety of answers of these questions, built around many kinds of concerns , like the anxiety, anger , and fear that are common responses to crime of the future crimes . former victims of crimes may contribute of showing the importance of studying criminology by, transferring them experience and feeling of anxiety, anger, and fear which Generated from crimes to other persons . Then the need to study criminology become at the forefront of priorities , to predict and control crime; the hope of preventing crime through individual and social reform the wish to understand and explain crime and societal reactions to it; and the simple desire to learn more about crime and what it can tell us about our society . Criminologists disagree, sometimes violently, about which of these kinds of concerns are most legitimate and important . So Criminology was the composite result of the thinking and endeavors of many people, and them desire to the understanding the individual behavior and deviation and the structuring of the social order . The study of crime has engaged the interest of many academic disciplines. Building on centuries of philosophical debate, systematic attempts to explain crime emerged...
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...Theories of criminology Prof. Dr. Ayman Elzeiny Introduction :- What is Theory? Definitions of the theory Vold, Bernard, and Snipes defined it as :- “an explanation … a sensible relating of some particular phenomenon to the whole field of knowledge” On other hand Bohm defined it as “makes statements about the relationship between two classes of phenomena” Williams and McShane defined it as “generalizations of a sort; explains how two or more events are related” . According to Shoemaker the theory is : “a systematic collection of concepts and statements purporting to explain behavior” . And according to Hoover the theory is “a set of related propositions that suggest why events occur”. We can define theory as "Statement of a relationship between two or more propositions and concepts . which explains and/or predicts some behavior ". Introduction to Theories of criminology : There are many "theories" of criminology suggested by many writers. It would not be practical to list them all. a few only that have received some support. The almost prominent schools of criminology Were : The Classical School, "which began about 1755 to 1764" after Beccaria (1738-94) published his famous Essay on Crimes and Punishments; Along with Beccaria, the thinkers of the Classical School were Rousseau, Montesquieu, Voltaire, Jeremy Bentham, William Blackstone, Samuel Romilly, and others. The Positive School, " which began after the publication of Lombroso's L'uomo...
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...Classical Theory of Criminology, it states that the combination of free will, hedonistic decision making and the failure of the social contact in producing criminal behavior. I tend to agree that it all come done to free-will and the desire to commit such acts. In order to comprehend the study of crime we must first learn to prevent crime. There are many crime prevention programs that have work others have not. Unlike these theories many of these programs have not yet been evaluated or hold enough creditable scientific evidence to draw positive conclusions. Enough evidence is available, however, to create provisional lists of what might work; what hasn’t, and what’s potential to work in the foreseeable future. In order to formulate a possible list of programs in our neighborhoods we must continue to study of crime and its many possibilities; and to purse and punish those criminals that break the law and bring them to justice. We as society should focus on not just what type of crimes are been committed or to what rate they are been committed but we should focus our attention on the aspect of crime that has not been studied before the learning to find peace amongst ourselves. Before we can learn to find peace amongst ourselves we must continue to protect those that matter most, help the most unfortunate and reassuring the public that crime will not go unpunished. In short the study of crime is to learn to incorporate and summarized the effort of preventive measures of studying...
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...LESM A204 Unit 2 Criminology for the security manager 159 Course team Developer: Dr Daniel Gilling, University of Plymouth (Unit 2) Designer: Louise Aylward, OUHK Coordinator: Dr Raymond W K Lau, OUHK Members: Dr Czeslaw Tubilewicz, OUHK Dr Garland Liu, OUHK External Course Assessor Dr Dennis S W Wong, City University of Hong Kong Production ETPU Publishing Team Copyright © The Open University of Hong Kong, 2001, 2011. Reprinted 2015. All rights reserved. No part of this material may be reproduced in any form by any means without permission in writing from the President, The Open University of Hong Kong. Sale of this material is prohibited. The Open University of Hong Kong Ho Man Tin, Kowloon Hong Kong This course material is printed on environmentally friendly paper. Contents Introduction 1 The focus of criminology 4 What is criminology? Why study crime? 4 6 Developing theory: the foundations of criminology 8 Theorizing about crime before criminology: the classical perspective Positivist criminology 8 10 Sociological criminology The Chicago School Strain and subcultural theories of crime Control theories The labelling perspective Critical criminology 14 15 17 21 23 27 Environmental criminology 30 Jane Jacobs and Oscar Newman Routine activity theory Rational choice theory 30 33 35 Summary 39 References 41 Feedback on activities 43 ...
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...Prevention of Juvenile Delinquency Mary-Katherine Guzofski Liberty University Abstract An adolescent who engages in delinquent behavior is it a high risk of drug use and addiction, quitting school before graduation, future incarceration, and continued criminal behavior lasting into adulthood. Early intervention and prevention methods can divert juveniles from many of the adverse consequences that result from delinquency. Intervention is best done by parents in the home as they are the closest to the adolescent on a daily basis. Quality time and open communication are essential factures in the intervention and prevention of juvenile delinquency. Prevention stems from activities such as positive and interactive school attendance, and community involvement with a faith based church group. All of these methods are keys to prevent or minimize delinquent behavior. . Prevention of Juvenile Delinquency A large number of inmates in adult facilities have been living a delinquent / criminal lifestyle since they were juveniles, therefore it is safe to say that focusing on prevention will produce an overall reduction in crime. Juvenile delinquency is on the rise and this is cause for concern. More serious crimes are being committed by adolescents, and the younger they start the more likely they are to continue their involvement in crime. Whether a juvenile’s delinquent behavior actually begins in childhood, or is a characteristic that develops later on in the teenaged years...
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...Chapter I Problem And Its Background “There is no single cause of crime that is sufficient to guarantee its occurrence: yet opportunity above all others is necessary and therefore has as much or more claim to being a root cause” Marcus Felson Introduction Police operations cover the mission-critical aspects of a police organization: policies, institutional arrangements, processes and resources for the performance of the policeman’s main functions. Police Operations encompass a wide range of activities, particularly patrol and traffic operations, implementation of special laws, command and control, civil disturbance, disaster management, terrorism, deployment of troops, internal security operations and community-oriented policing, with due regard to human rights. Police Patrol has always been the backbone of protecting the public, and as far back as society had begun to get organized into groups and communities, mankind has always had people to patrol, to show a strong presence, as well as be on the look-out for danger at all levels, and then be able to respond. And if it wasn't for the Police patrolling your neighborhood, your local community and even your entire city, then the little world that you live in, would become Survival Of The Fittest. We must tell you that in all the world of defense, police patrol is the best way for the police to defend us. High police visibility discourages criminals. Normally, criminals think twice before executing their plans if there is...
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...Why Youths Join Gangs and How to Prevent it from Happening Reaver J Childers Liberty University CJUS 310-B02 Professor Godwin Abstract Have you ever been watching the news and heard the news reporter say, “A young man was shot and killed outside of a corner store. It has been reported that he was a part of a known gang, referred to as the Crips. He was shot by a rivalry gang member.” Do you ever wonder what provokes a juvenile to want to join a gang? There are a lot of parents who ask this question after hearing about someone else’s child or their own child becoming a part of something so horrible. There are so many parents in the world who are losing their children to gangs. The gangs are coming into the communities and praying on what is considered to be the “weak ones.” The “weak-ones” are the ones who seems to be lacking something in their lives, and the only way they know how to fill that void or to get what they are looking for is by joining a gang. The gang gives them status, love, trust, attention, and most of all, it gives them an opportunity to have all the things that they think are important. They find all that they are missing without thinking about the consequences of being affiliated with such groups. This isn’t new to our society; youth gangs have been around for more than 150 years. The youth gangs have grown larger and bolder since the beginning of their time. This paper will discuss why so many youths join gangs...
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...goal of this paper is to convey the conceptual meaning of rurality as it relates to oral health and its impact on advanced practice nursing. Purpose The purpose if this concept analysis is to present a theoretical understanding of oral health among rural populations. Despite important links between oral health and general health, oral diseases are common and public health and prevention efforts aimed to improving oral health have lagged prevention efforts. Research shows that the key to improving oral health is through preventative care and early treatments. However, many individuals within rural communities do not have access to preventive programs and early treatment; whether it is due to financial burden, uninsured, distance to treatment, lower rates of water fluoridation or poor access to care providers. People who have the least access to preventive services and dental treatment have greater rates of oral diseases (“Oral Health”, 2013). Evidence In 2000, the United States Surgeon General’s report on “Oral Health in America” defined oral health broadly, emphasizing that oral health is “integral to general health; oral health means more than healthy teeth and that you cannot be healthy without oral health.” The World Health Organization defines oral health as “a state of being free from mouth and facial pain, oral and throat cancer, oral infection and sores, periodontal (gum) disease, tooth decay, tooth loss, and other diseases and disorders that limit an individual’s capacity...
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...Compare the three levels of health promotion prevention. Health promotion is defined as “the science and art of helping people change their lifestyle to move toward a state of optimal health.” (Edelman & Mandle, 2010). The purpose of health promotion in nursing practice is to enable people make healthy choices. According Smeltzer & Bare (2006), the purpose of health promotion is to focus on a person’s potential for wellness and to encourage him/her to change her personal habits, lifestyle and environment in a way that it will reduce risk and improve health and wellbeing. Nursing roles and responsibilities have gradually evolved due to changes in the society. Special importance is now attached to preventive, community-based care...
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