...Introduction to pricing strategies 2 1.2 Introduction to Apple Incorporation 3 2. Skimming Price Strategy 3 2.1 What is Skimming Price Strategy? 3 2.2 When to use Skimming Price Strategy? 4 2.3 Benefits of Skimming Price Strategy? 5 3. Apple’s iPhone Strategy 6 3.1 Market Segment 7 3.2 Product Life Cycle and Elasticity of Demand 7 3.3 Brand Loyalty 9 3.4 Sales and revenues 9 4. Conclusion 11 5. References 11 1. Introduction 2.1 Introduction to pricing strategies Pricing strategy is the pursuit of identifying the optimum price for a product. This strategy is combined with the other marketing principles known as the four P's (product, place, price, and promotion) to position its brand in the market. Pricing strategy is perhaps the most critical components of the marketing mix as it is the only P’s which focused on generating revenue and ultimately profit for the company. The remaining 3p’s are the variable cost for the organization because it costs to design and produce a product; it costs to distribute a product and costs to promote it. Companies may use a variety of pricing strategies, depending on their own unique marketing goals and objectives. Some of the pricing strategies are Penetration Pricing Strategy and Skimming Pricing Strategy. A Penetration Pricing Strategy is designed to capture market share by entering the market with a low price relative to the competition to attract buyers. On the other hand, Skimming Pricing Strategy is aimed...
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...discuss a pricing strategy (Penetration or Skimming). Pricing is very important strategic element. The pricing strategies impinge on featuring products, channel decisions, and promotions. The researcher realizes there is no real determine pricing, following a life cycle for developing the pricing of Destini’s Closet product. First, develop market strategy – which the researcher evaluated and conducted a marketing analysis to identify the market segments, target market, SWOT analysis, and the market positioning. Second, marketing mix decisions – the researcher defined the product (Clothing), contacted manufactures for distribution, and decided promotional tactics. Now the researcher is focusing on the cost productions, price of substitute products, and prices offered by the competition. The researcher notices that competitors change their prices often. Case scenario, competitors are always looking for a competitive match, this can be an advantage and a disadvantage for the business. Competitors may strategize a different packaging of their product; this can be good for Destini’s Closet by reducing their price. It’s all up to the customer wants and needs. The demographic crowd the researcher is focusing on would rather price reduction then a new look to a product. What if production price are rising? If production price is rising it’s up to the Destini’s Closet to determine the price increase without turning the customers to their competitors Two commonly known pricing strategies...
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...New Product Launch: SONO Filter February 12, 2012 Determine and discuss a pricing strategy (Penetration or Skimming). SONO water filter is a new product in the market with limited resources and finance. I will choose penetration pricing strategy for this new product to gain market share and lure consumers away from the current competitors. This pricing strategy will sets product price low for a specific time period, but once SONO filter develop a strong clientele base, I will raise product price to the normal level. Once product’s extra features and value will be recognized by the consumer, it will create its own place in the market and among other competitors. Rather than choosing Skimming strategy, Penetration strategy would fit better in this product because the product does have other competitors, such as BRITA or PUR. Determine and discuss pricing tactics (product line pricing, value pricing, differential pricing, or competing against private brands) to be used for your product. To ensure the firm’s pricing objectives such as to achieve a target return, maximize profit, increase sales volume and to meet competition, I will have to determine a strong pricing tactics through analyzing product line pricing, value pricing, differential pricing, or competing against private brands. SONO filter will offer competitive pricing scale to its product line: including stylish water filter jugs, filtered cartridges and filtered water dispensers. While SONO products are not...
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...Title: Marketing the Eco-shack Prepared For: Ms Puan Haslinda Mohd Yunus & Ms Rachael Louis Vincent Victoria University Prepared By: Vivek Satish Chohan (4101946) Pranav Satish Davda (4100233) Date of Submission: 16th May 2013 Tutorial Group: 8 Table of Contents Executive Summary 2 1.0 Introduction 3 2.0 Analysis 4 2.1 Consumer Segmentation 4 2.2 Business Segments 5 2.3 Cost Pricing Approach 7 3.0 Recommendations 8 3.1 BRANDING AND POSITIONING 8 3.2 Alternative Pricing Approach 10 4.0 Conclusion 11 List of reference. 13 Executive Summary The objective of this report is to identify the target market and position the product well in consumers mind so as to increase the sales and market share. For a product to be accepted in the market by consumers, an effective marketing strategy must be implemented. This report is divided into five parts which are introduction of the scenario, followed by identifying the consumer segment, business segment, merits and demerits of cost oriented pricing, branding and positioning and an alternative pricing approach for the eco shack. Behaviour segmentation variable for consumer market is an appropriate way to identify the consumer segment for the Urban- Eco Shack. This process of segmenting the market involves analyzing the behavior of consumers in terms of usage, price sensitivity and the response towards brands. The features of the Urban – Eco-shack can influence the behaviour of the customers like the...
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...Chapter 5 Pricing strategies LEARNING OBJECTIVES After reading this chapter you will: n n appreciate the strategic significance of pricing decisions in marketing strategy understand the approaches to pricing of the economist and accountant, together with their contributions and limitations in the context of the price setting process n apply a framework to pricing decisions based around the key inputs to these decisions n understand the main pricing methods and their relative advantages and disadvantages 160 Pricing strategies INTRODUCTION The price of a company’s products and services represents the vehicle for that company to achieve its financial objectives. It is through price and volume that revenue is generated. Price equates to the financial sacrifice that the customer is willing to make to purchase the product or service desired. The important criterion of pricing is problematical to marketers. This is attributed to the uncertainty associated with pricing decisions as it is a complicated area of decision making. It is with a view to examining this problem and the ways in which it can be resolved that his chapter is framed. The pressures of today’s market environment place increasing burdens on management. It is important, therefore, that the decision maker has a framework for making pricing decisions. We start by examining the traditional economist’s view of price to illustrate both the shortcomings and potential contributions of this approach as a prelude to discussing...
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...PRICING OF INDUSTRIAL PRODUCT AND SERVICES Introduction “Price is the measure by which industrial customers judge the value of an offering and it strongly impacts brand selection among competing alternatives”. (Shipley and Jobber (2001, p. 301). Pricing is a process where a business firm sets the price at which it will sell its products and services in such a way that it can generate profit as well as satisfy the customer, and it may be a part of the business’s marketing plan. Price management is a very critical element in marketing and competitive strategy and a key determinant of performance. Among different pricing strategies, marketing managers can choose their preferred type. The overall objective of pricing is to increase sales and profits globally (Kigan, 2001).Global Pricing subject can be fully integrated and considered into the product design process (Kigan, 2001) As the ultimate aim of the industry is to earn profits so pricing of industrial products and services should be based on desire of the customer. A company set the price for the first time for the following items i.e. when a new item is manufactured or a new product comes from normally when an item is directed to a new distribution channel, or it is offered to a new geographic area. Companies need to decide the positions of their product in terms of their quality and price. Literature review Research shows marketing scholars have devoted only little effort to pricing theory and practice. This lack of...
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...Assignment #3 Pricing Strategy and Channel Distribution Marketing Management – MKT 500 February 15, 2012 Pricing Strategy and Channel Distribution Determine and discuss a pricing strategy (Skimming and Penetration). One of the four major elements of the marketing mix is price. Pricing is very important strategic element. The pricing strategies impinge on featuring products, channel decisions, and promotions. This strategy helps marketers set prices. (Pride, Hughes, & Kapoor, 2011) There are many ways to price a product. Two commonly known pricing strategies are skimming and penetration. Lavishness Hair Studio is likely to use one or both of them over a calculated period of time. Price skimming involves charging the highest price possible for a short time where a new, innovative, or much-improved product is launched onto a market. The objective with skimming is to “skim the cream” off customers who are willing to pay more to have the product sooner. Prices are usually lowered once demand falls. Penetration pricing is the opposite; it involves the setting of lower, rather than higher price for a new product. The seller wants to discourage competitors from entering the market by building a large market share quickly. The plan is to raise prices as soon as the introductory offer is over (Pride, Hughes, & Kapoor, 2011). Lavishness Hair Studio will use price penetration during the initial opening phase of the business. Penetration pricing is the strategy...
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...PRICING AND PRICING POLICIES PRICING Pricing is the process whereby a business sets the price at which it will sell its products or services. It is a method adopted by a firm to set its selling price. It usually depends on the firm's average costs, and on the customer's perceived value of the product in comparison to his or her perceived value of the competing products. Different pricing methods place varying degree of emphasis on selection, estimation, and evaluation of costs, comparative analysis, and market situation. See also pricing strategy. PRICING POLICIES Pricing policy refers how a company sets the prices of its products and services based on costs, value, demand, and competition Pricing Policies provide the framework and consistency needed by the firm to make reasonable, practicable, and effective pricing decisions. Although policies in any area of management are difficult to develop, firms with a well-established set of pricing policies usually make consistently better pricing decisions than firms without such policies. STEPS IN SETTING A PRICING POLICY 1.) Selecting the Pricing Objective – it is where the company wants to position its product a. Survival b. Maximum Current Profit - estimate the demand and costs associated with alternative prices and choose the price that produces maximum current profit, cash flow, or rate of return on investment. c. Maximize Market Share/ Market Penetration – low price d. Maximum Product Skimming...
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...marketing mix for a new product or service Marketing mix Sometimes referred to as the four P’s of Product, Price, promotion and Place, these are the ideas to consider when marketing a product. The marketing mix provides an excellent framework for developing marketing plans. There are four main parts which are: * Product * Price * Promotion * Place Product A product is something that can be accessible to a market to satisfy a want or need. Products include physical goods, services, experiences, events, persons, places, properties, organisations, information and ideas. It is therefore the mixture of goods and services that are obtainable to the target consumer. Product levels A product can be viewed in three different levels: * Level 1: The core product is the benefit of the product that makes it valuable to someone. * Level2: The actual product is the physical item. Branding, added features and benefits play apart to differentiate the product from competitors offers. * Level 3: the augmented product is additional value beyond the physical product. It normally involves after-sales service, warranties, deliveries, instillations etc. Product range A business always changes and updates its products range and mix. Another important issue is the extent of the mix. If a business does not have a lot products, there is a chance that one will go out of date and damage total sales significantly. However, if there is too much products, the range might...
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...Which of the different product mix pricing strategies discussed in the text applies best to payless's new strategy? The strategy for setting a product's price changes when the product is the part of a product mix. Mostly,firms look for a set of prices that maximizes the profits on the total product mix where pricing is difficult because the various products have related demand and costs and face different degrees of competition. There are five different product mix pricing strategies that can be used for a firm. These are such as the product line pricing, optional-product pricing,captive-product pricing, by-product pricing and lastly, product bundle pricing. 2. How do concept such as psychological pricing and reference pricing apply to the Payless strategy? In what ways does Payless’s strategy deviate from these concepts? : A pricing approach that considers the psychology of prices and not simply the economics; the price is used to say something about the product. For example, $19.99 or $9.99 sort of “odd prices” that can round of by one last digit number. With the new line and new strategy, Payless increase the price of their products. However, if the suddenly change their price by increasing a lot, customers would not feel comfortable and they wouldn’t like it at all. So, they can use this kind of strategy of Psychological pricing so still increasing of prices but make their customers comfortable. 3.) Discuss the benefits and risks of the new Payless strategy for both...
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...Customer value-based pricing strategies: why companies resist Andreas Hinterhuber Andreas Hinterhuber is based at Hinterhuber and Partners, Innsbruck, Austria. Introduction Pricing has a huge impact on profitability. Pricing strategies vary considerably across industries, countries and customers. Nevertheless, researchers generally concur that pricing strategies can be categorised into three groups: 1. cost-based pricing; 2. competition-based pricing; and 3. customer value-based pricing. Of these, customer value-based pricing is increasingly recognised in the literature as superior to all other pricing strategies (Ingenbleek et al., 2003). For example, Monroe (2002, p. 36) observes that: ‘‘ . . . the profit potential for having a value-oriented pricing strategy that works is far greater than with any other pricing approach’’. Similarly, Cannon and Morgan (1990) recommend value pricing if profit maximisation is the objective, and Docters et al. (2004, p. 16) refer to value-based pricing as ‘‘one of the best pricing methods’’. Practitioners have also recognised the advantages of value-based pricing strategies. Several companies have successfully adopted such strategies. These include pharmaceutical companies such as Sanofi-Aventis, information technology companies such as SAP and Vendavo, wireless internet service providers such as the Australian company Xone, airlines such as Lufthansa, vehicle manufacturers such as BMW, and biotech companies such as Tigris Pharmaceuticals...
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...PRICING OF A PRODUCT (COCA COLA) Third Semester- Project 1 Submitted by: BACHELOR OF BUSINESS ADMINISTRATION (Working Professional) Department of Business Administration January 2015 Acknowledgement I feel deeply indebted towards people who have guided me in this project. It would have not been possible to make such an extensive report without the help, guidance and inputs from them. Most of my information has been from the net by reading a lot about Pricing of a product in marketing & how Coca Cola Company maintains their market through an appropriate pricing strategy and also from professional books of marketing. I also would like to thank Mr. Sunil for giving us such a nice opportunity and freedom to choose a topic we like and to work in it. Abstract The basic objective of my research was to analyze the awareness among customers about the price of a product all over the world. Price even describes the standard a company maintains in its product quality and how they work towards achieving their customer’s satisfaction. As I specially concentrated on Coca Cola Company, the findings reveal that people know a lot about the company’s products, its price & they are completely satisfied with the quality they maintain in soft drinks market. In the highly competitive world of the soft drink industry, the Coca Cola Company stands out as one of the top competitors Table of Contents S. No. | Topic | Pg.No. | 1. | Introduction | | 2. | Factors...
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...ONUR TAMUR PRICING WHEN ENTERING A NEW MARKET IN B2B ENVIROMENT: Understanding the B2B Dynamics Seminar Report ii ABSTRACT With the rise of globalization and saturated local markets, many companies started chasing international opportunities that would help them expand to new countries and increase their brand recognition around the globe. One of the challenges that companies face while entering a new market is defining the right price and pricing of their offering to be competitive and successful in the market. In B2B area, there are not any wide research on pricing issues that companies face in the markets that they are planning to enter and the effects of business relations on pricing. This paper focuses on market entry strategies and market entry modes, the fundamentals of pricing in a new market and the differences of B2B and B2C pricing. The study covers market entry modes and its impact on profitability, value creation in B2B area and the key aspects of pricing behaviour while entering a new market. This study in general provides a framework for implementing the right pricing strategy while entering new markets and defining the right pricing behaviour in B2B environment. This framework enables companies to understand the dynamics of B2B environment covering buyer-supplier and distributors relations and providing pricing models for companies to be a competitive player. Tamur, O. iii PREFACE This paper discusses the concepts of pricing and pricing behaviour...
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...A pricing strategy is an important element of marketing mix since apart from being related to the positioning of the product, it has effects on other elements of marketing mix including channel features, promotions and product features. The strategy in its development has some general steps that necessitate following including developing a market strategy, making market mix decisions, estimating the demand curve, calculating the cost, understanding the environmental factors, setting price objectives and determining the price without necessarily following the order. The various pricing strategies include cost- plus , target return , value- based and psychological pricing. In cost- plus pricing, the price is set at the cost of production in...
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...Evaluate the four pricing options available to Atlantic Computer. What would be the most effective pricing strategy for Atlantic Computer? Why? Jowers has four pricing options for Atlantic Computers. He must decide to either: 1) keep the company's tradition of charging for software and providing PESA software for free, 2) charge a price equal to what the customer would pay for four Ontario Zink servers, 3) charge a price based on a cost-plus approach to pricing PESA, or 4) charge a price based on value-in-use pricing. The traditional pricing strategy involving charging for software and giving the PESA software for free. This strategy does not allow major emphasis on developing and selling software tools tlo enhance their servers' performance. According to Bharadwaj & Gordon (2007), when the division has designed a small software management tool to help server administrators monitor the health of their systms and be attentive to repairs, this tool had not been viewed as a deal maker, as previous software tools were given away at no cost. The competition-based pricing strategy involves pricing your product to cover costs and is comparable to the competitor's price. To improve market penetration, the price must lure consumers toward your product and away from the competitor's product. For this approach to be successful, the company will most likely have to lower their price (Government of Alberta, 1999). This approach does not coincide with Jower's option of pricing the Atlantic...
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