...GUIDELINES FOR CONDUCTING ISLAMIC BANKING Section I Introduction to Islamic Banking Islamic Banking has experienced a phenomenal growth and expansion in Bangladesh in the backdrop of strong public demand and support for the system along with its gradually increasing popularity across the world. As a result, a number of full-fledged Islamic Banks has been established, while a good number of conventional banks have come forward to offer services compliant with Islamic Shariah through opening of Islamic branches along with conventional ones. There is also a trend of conversion of conventional banks into Islamic bank. It has, therefore, become necessary to ensure that activities of the fast growing Islamic Banks are carried out properly and uniformly according to the principles of Islamic Shariah. With this end in view, Bangladesh Bank constituted a Focus group comprising representatives of the central Bank, a number of Islamic Banks and the Central Shariah Board for Islamic Banks of Bangladesh to formulate an integrated guideline for conducting banking business of the Islamic Bank/Islamic bank branches of conventional banks. Based on the recommendations of the Focus group this guideline embodying different terminologies used in Islamic Banking operations, definitions of the terminologies, the principles and modes of deposits and investments has been prepared. It also dwelt upon the issues of liquidity, maintenance of books of accounts and preparation of financial statements...
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...AND ISLAMIC COMMERCIAL BANKS OF BANGLADESH Ezaz Ahmed Department of Management and Business BRAC University, Dhaka, Bangladesh and Ziaur Rahman IITM, Dhaka, Bangladesh and Rubina I. Ahmed Department of Business Administration East West University, Dhaka, Bangladesh ABSTRACT Bangladesh has a unique Banking system with multiple types of Banking with Nationalized Commercial Banks (NCBs), Private Commercial Banks (PCBs), Foreign Commercial Banks (FCBs), Islamic Commercial Banks (ICBs), Specialized Development Banks and the Cooperative Banks. Currently the magnitude of loan default is quite enormous in the Banking sector. However, the general perception and belief regarding the Islamic Banking is better recovery rate of loans and advances. This paper attempts to discuss the issues that govern the banking practices in Bangladesh and it also paints a picture of the lending practices followed by NCBs, PCBs and ICBs in Bangladesh. From the analysis presented in this case, it comes to light that ICBs lending practices with Islamic banking instruments mirrors the lending practices of conventional banks having synonymous counterpart products. The paper also unfolds some strategically weak links in the development of the banking sector, which has obstructed the overall economic development of the country. In this diversified Banking system, an attempt is made in the paper to analyze the issues governing the credit recovery rate and procedure with respect to the principles of Islamic...
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...Proposal on Islamic Banking Table of Contents TOC \o 1-2 1) Research Title PAGEREF _Toc \h 3 2) Introduction to the Research Topic and Main Research Question PAGEREF _Toc1 \h 3 3) Literature Review Outline and Detailed Research Questions PAGEREF _Toc2 \h 5 3.1) Introduction PAGEREF _Toc3 \h 5 3.2) Background of Islamic Banking PAGEREF _Toc4 \h 5 3.3) Features of Islamic Banking PAGEREF _Toc5 \h 6 3.4) Determination of Whether Islamic Banking is a Matter of Semantics PAGEREF _Toc6 \h 8 3.5) Detailed Research Questions PAGEREF _Toc7 \h 10 4) Ethical Considerations PAGEREF _Toc8 \h 10 References PAGEREF _Toc9 \h 12 Bibliography PAGEREF _Toc10 \h 17 1) Research Title “Islamic Banking: A Matter of Semantics?” 2) Introduction to the Research Topic and Main Research Question Islamic banking is denoted as a banking system, which is mainly governed by the principles that have been formulated by the Islamic Shariah (Hasan, 2012). In general, the term Islamic banking is not only typically based on evading internet-based transactions that are strictly prohibited under the law of Shariah, but also discards any sort of unsocial or unethical practices (Ahmed, 2011). With this concern, it can be affirmed that Islamic banking is regarded as the procedure of transforming predictable money lending into transactions that are fundamentally based upon real as well as tangible services (El-Gamal, 2006). This banking system, if...
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...Islamic Banking: Answers to Some Frequently Asked Questions 9 ISLAMIC DEVELOPMENT BANK ISLAMIC RESEARCH AND TRAINING INSTITUTE ISLAMIC BANKING: ANSWERS TO SOME FREQUENTLY ASKED QUESTIONS Mabid Ali Al-Jarhi and Munawar Iqbal Occasional Paper No.4 1422H 2001 Mabid Al-Jarhi and Munawar Iqbal 10 Islamic Banking: Answers to Some Frequently Asked Questions 11Mabid Al-Jarhi and Munawar Iqbal 12 Islamic Banking: Answers to Some Frequently Asked Questions 13 FOREWORD In the last quarter of a century, there has been a great interest in the Islamic banking system both at private and public levels. There is an earnest and widespread desire to understand the system. Academicians, bankers and general public, all, have some genuine questions and concerns. Policy makers in the monetary and financial sectors of the IDB member countries have also often asked the Islamic Research and Training Institute (IRTI) some basic questions of theoretical and practical importance about the elimination of interest from the national economies of Muslim countries and the transformation of the prevailing conventional system to an Islamic one. Some of these questions reflect a desire to understand the basic concepts of Islamic finance while others relate to the creation of an enabling environment through macroeconomic reform and structural adjustments that are needed to establish the Islamic financial system and the complications that arise when an effort is made to bring about the transformation...
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...to Islamic way of life as enshrined in the Holy Qur'an and the Sunnah. Naturally, it remains a deep cry in their hearts to fashion and design their economic lives in accordance with the percepts of Islam. The establishment of Islami Bank Bangladesh Limited on March 13, 1983, as the first of its kind in Southeast Asia, was the true reflection of this inner urge of its people. It was both a hope and a challenge to the Islam loving people of the country in general and the pioneers of the Islamic banking movement to make it a success. In the beginning there was some doubt in the minds of many people about the viability as well as the sustainability of the Islamic banking system. But the history of two decades of Islamic banking operation in Bangladesh not only removed this doubt from the minds of the people but also showed how a new banking concept based on Islamic values could so rapidly establish itself as the most modern, dynamic, and popular bank of the country. Within this short span of time the workforce of Islamic banks in Bangladesh in general and Islami Bank Bangladesh Limited, in particular, by their strong commitment and tireless effort have been able to prove the superiority of Islamic banking over conventional banking in every department of banking operations and services. The success of Islamic banks not only gave them enough floors in the field of banking but also encouraged at least one conventional bank to convert fully all its operations on Islamic principles. (Hassan...
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...Issues And Problems of Islamic Banking An overview on the review of problems | | The Islamic banks face a number of challenges. First, they have not yet been successful in devising an interest-free mechanism to place their funds on a short-term basis. They face the same problem in financing consumer loans and government deficits. Second, the risk involved in profit-sharing seems to be so high that most of the banks have resorted to those techniques of financing which bring them a fixed assured return. As a result, there is a lot of genuine criticism that these banks have not abolished interest but have in fact only changed the nomenclature of their transactions Khan (1989). Third, the Islamic banks do not have the legal support of central banks of their respective countries (except in Pakistan and Iran), which exposes them to great risks. Fourth, the Islamic banks do not have the necessary expertise and trained manpower to appraise, monitor, evaluate and audit the projects they are required to finance. As a result, they cannot expand despite having financial liquidity.The future of Islamic banks hinges, by and large, on their ability to find a viable alternative to interest for financing all types of loans. They should recognize that their success in abolishing interest has been only partial and they have yet to go a long way in their search for a satisfactory alternative to interest. Simultaneously, Islamic banks need to improve their managerial capabilities by training...
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...Islamic Banking: True Modes of Financing By Dr. Shahid Hasan Siddiqui, Eminent Pakistani Banker & Economist Introduction Prohibition of interest is ordained in Islam in all forms and intent. This Prohibition is strict, absolute and unambiguous. The Holy Qur'an in verse 278 of Surah Al- Baqarah states: "O ye who believe! Fear Allah and give up what remains of your demand for riba, if ye are indeed believers." and verse 2: 279 says "If you do it not, take notice of war from Allah and His Messenger. But if ye turn back, ye shall have your capital sums. Deal not unjustly and you shall not be dealt with unjustly." It therefore, follows that interest is prohibited as it leads to injustices (zulm) and Islam is against all forms of injustices and exploitations and pleads an economic system, which aims at securing extensive socio-economic justice. The Islamic law of prohibition of riba, which includes interest, was originally not based on economic theory but on Divine Authority which considers the charging of interest as an act of injustice. There could be no denying of the fact that under the interest-based system of banking or in a system not strictly based on the principles and spirit of Shari’ah, depositors as well as borrowers are exploited in one form or the other. It is however, significant to note that, as in the case of conventional banking, the depositors are being exploited most under the system and practices enforced by banks and financial institutions operating world-wide...
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...analysis of Mudarabah & a new approach to equity financing in Islamic finance Shaikh, Salman Ahmed International Association of Islamic Banks 01. July 2011 Online at http://mpra.ub.uni-muenchen.de/19697/ MPRA Paper No. 19697, posted 19. September 2011 / 12:03 A Critical Analysis of Mudarabah & A New Approach to Equity Financing in Islamic Finance Journal of Islamic Banking & Finance, ISSN 1814-8042 By Salman Ahmed Shaikh Project Director, Islamic Economics Project islamiceconomicsproject@gmail.com www.islamiceconomics.viviti.com Abstract Financial intermediation serves a valuable purpose, but it can also be structured using equity modes of financing. This can relieve the financee and increase diversity of entrepreneurial undertakings as in debt based commercial financing, there is little room for diversity with obligatory and stipulated servicing of debt. Using Islamic equity modes of financing poses the challenge of the agency problem and moral hazard. The extent of this agency problem in Mudarabah and its impact on economic payoffs between counterparties is analyzed in this study with a simulation model. Based on review of alternate solutions proposed, the author presents two possible covenants which could make Mudarabah mode of financing more acceptable and widely usable in financial intermediation. This would also further the egalitarian objectives of an Islamic economic order. Keywords: Interest free economy, Islamic Economic System, Mudarabah, Agency Problem, Moral Hazard...
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...FREQUENTLY ASKED QUESTIONS (FAQs) ON ISLAMIC BANKING Prepared by Mr. Imran Ahmad Mr. Ghulam Shabbir Islamic Banking Department State Bank of Pakistan Karachi. PART 1: RIBA AND INTEREST......................................................................................... 4 Question No. 1). What is Islamic Banking? ................................................................................................ 4 Question No. 2). What is the philosophy of Islamic banking?.................................................................... 4 Question No.3) What is Meant By Riba? .................................................................................................... 5 Question No.4) What is interest? Is there any difference between interest and Riba? ............................ 5 Question No. 5) What are the different kinds of Riba?.............................................................................. 6 Question No. 6). What are the revelations/verses in Holy Quran regarding prohibition of Riba/interest? ........................................................................................................................................................................ 7 Question No. 7) What are the sayings/Ahadith about Riba/Interest? .................................................... 10 Question No.8) Are there any injunctions against Riba/usury in religious texts other than Holy Quran? .......................................
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...of Mudarabah & a new approach to equity financing in Islamic finance Salman Ahmed Shaikh International Association of Islamic Banks 1. July 2011 Online at http://mpra.ub.uni-muenchen.de/19697/ MPRA Paper No. 19697, posted 19. September 2011 12:50 UTC A Critical Analysis of Mudarabah & A New Approach to Equity Financing in Islamic Finance Journal of Islamic Banking & Finance, ISSN 1814-8042 By Salman Ahmed Shaikh Project Director, Islamic Economics Project islamiceconomicsproject@gmail.com www.islamiceconomics.viviti.com Abstract Financial intermediation serves a valuable purpose, but it can also be structured using equity modes of financing. This can relieve the financee and increase diversity of entrepreneurial undertakings as in debt based commercial financing, there is little room for diversity with obligatory and stipulated servicing of debt. Using Islamic equity modes of financing poses the challenge of the agency problem and moral hazard. The extent of this agency problem in Mudarabah and its impact on economic payoffs between counterparties is analyzed in this study with a simulation model. Based on review of alternate solutions proposed, the author presents two possible covenants which could make Mudarabah mode of financing more acceptable and widely usable in financial intermediation. This would also further the egalitarian objectives of an Islamic economic order. Keywords: Interest free economy, Islamic Economic System, Mudarabah, Agency Problem, Moral Hazard...
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... This Internship Report has been prepared under the Internship program, an indispensable part of the Bachelor of Business Administration (BBA) program. For the internship purpose, I chose Islami Bank Bangladesh Ltd. (IBBL), Mirpur-10 Branch and prepare this report on the investment related activities of the organization. 1.2 Objective of the Study The primary objective of this report is to observe the investment related activities for the Investment Department of Islami Bank Bangladesh Ltd., Mirpur-10 Branch. The other objectives include: • To understand the different modes of investment of IBBL, Mirpur-10 Branch. • To familiarize with the various investment schemes offered by Mirpur-10 Branch. • To get the practical exposure of the banking activities. • To adapt with the corporate environment. 1.3 Scope of the Study In this report I have focused on all the qualitative which include profiles of IBBL, investment modes like Bai mode, Profit & loss sharing, bearing mode, Rent sharing mode, different schemes of investment such as household durable schemes, housing investment scheme, transport investment scheme, car investment scheme, investment scheme for doctors small business investment scheme, rural development scheme, etc. and lastly financial performances have been depicted. 1.4 Methodology of the Study The data required for this study were collected from both primary and secondary sources; however, majority of the information was collected from...
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...business graduates & internship is the well practiced mechanism in this regard. The internship program is an integral part of the BBA program. As a student‟s of BBA program of different universities, everyone has to submit a report after completion of internship program. We were assigned to Islami Bank Bangladesh Limited to complete the program. As a student of BBA, internship is an academic requirement. For doing internship we were sent to the Islamic Bank Bangladesh, New Market Branch, Dhaka under the supervision of Mohammad Ali Biswash, SPO, Islami Bank Bangladesh Limited, New market Branch, Dhaka. The completion of our general class for internship program in Islamic Bank Training and Research Academy (IBTRA), the IBTRA authority gave us the selecting topics‟ for preparing the internship report. Our supervisor Mohammad Ali Biswash, SPO, Islami Bank Bangladesh Limited, New market Branch, Dhaka, also support us to prepare a report on Islamic Bank Bangladesh Limited with special focus on “Different modes of investment of Islamic Bank Bangladesh and loans & Advances of conventional Bank”. That is why we have made this report with this topic. 2 1.2 Objectives of report The specific objectives aimed for this report are: To fulfill the partial requirement of BBA program under the guidance of supervisor. To...
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...better in the point of view of doing “Discovery of Information”, “Recommendation” etc. Al last, I just want to say that I tried my best to make it realistic. I am extremely sorry for my limitations and constraints that had impact in making the “Internship Report” efficient and effective. [pic] |Topics |Page No. | |Chapter-1 | | |Introduction | | |1.1 Meaning of Islamic Banking...
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...Investment Banking Under Islamic Shariah PRINCIPLES: A Case Study on Export Import Bank of Bangladesh Ltd By Md. Mostak Ali ID: 3-03-03-025 A Project Report Submitted To Professor Md. Ali Akkas Department of Management Studies In partial fulfillment of the requirements for the award of the degree of MASTER OF BUSSINESS ADMINISTRATION UNIVERSITY OF DHAKA Dhaka 1000 September, 2011 September 29, 2011 Md. Ali Akkas Professor Department of Management Studies EMBA Program University of Dhaka. Subject : ‘Submission of project paper under evening MBA program’. Dear Sir, I, Shah Salahuddin Ahamed, am one of your students in the Evening MBA Program. It is my pleasure to inform you that, I have prepared my project paper which was assigned to me in the topic of 'Investment Banking Under Islamic Shariah Principles - A Case Study on Export Import Bank of Bangladesh Ltd.’ It was quite helpful for me to complete the paper under your prudent supervision. The theoretical knowledge that I have achieved during the MBA sessions helped me a lot to understand the practical business operations in different sectors and to prepare the report smoothly as well. My special gratitude to you & the Department of Management Studies and thanks to Exim Bank Ltd. authority. I have given my best effort to analyze the Investment Banking System in Exim Bank Ltd under Islamic Shariah principals, though I have lot to know & learn about Islamic Banking...
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...and Similarities in Islamic and Conventional Banking Muhammad Hanif Assistant Professor, National University of Computer & Emerging Sciences, Islamabad PhD-Finance Scholar at International Islamic University, Islamabad, Pakistan E-mail: muhammad.hanif@nu.edu.pk Abstract Islamic Banking is growing at a rapid speed and has showed unprecedented growth and expansion in last two decades in spite of mismatching of existing financial framework and business practices. By the end of 2008 volume of Islamic banking has reached to US $ 951 Billion with operation in more than 50 countries. Middle East is the centre of Islamic banking with contribution of approximately 80% while 20% share is contributed by rest of the world. In Pakistan Islamic banking is at infant stage although last 6 years growth is marvelous. Islamic banking has grown at an average annual rate of 76% in the last six and half years (12/03 - 06/10) in Pakistan. Although Islamic banking faces multi challenges however three of them are very vital for its existence. First is Sharia compliance in its operations in an environment which is dominated by interest based practices even in Muslim societies. Second is perception of financial industry practitioners about its performance whether the system is able to serve the total needs of trade and industry. Third is the perception of a large majority of Muslims whether existing practice of Islamic banking is Sharia compliant or mere copy of conventional practices under the banner of...
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