...stability, and the production of new knowledge” (Carnoy, Education as Cultural Imperialism, p.1). Ultimately the word “education” would mean for one to be enlightened and obtain knowledge through learning. However, the kind of education received within the United States Prison Systems is actively doing the opposite. The oppressed inmate populations are ultimately being exploited for cheap labor in order to support a capitalist society that they do not benefit from. This paper will argue that the education being withheld from prison inmates is both cultural and educational imperialism. This paper will also argue that the Prison Industrial Complex is intentionally exploiting inmates to contribute to a capitalist labor market instead of receiving education they are entitled to in order to be rehabilitated, reduce recidivism, improve their lives and ultimately better benefit society. Incarceration in the United States is the main form of punishment, rehabilitation, or both as a consequence of felony and other criminal offenses. The United States is the world’s leader in incarceration with 2.2 million people currently in the nation's prisons or jails. This means a 500% increase over the past thirty years (The Sentencing Project.org). These trends have resulted in prison overcrowding, and billions of dollars being spent to house inmates, and supervise them on probation and parole after they are released, ultimately to return to prison as a repeat offender. Instead of an increased amount...
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...There have been several empirical research materials providing evidence on the success of prison educational programs in reducing the return to prison rates. First and foremost, in Michigan, the Prisoner Education proponents have expressed the importance of educational programs for the ex-convicts while being incarcerated in reducing the rate of recidivism as documented by Brunton-Smith and Hopkins (2014). The primary goal of several prison education programs is to offer behavior correctional lessons while providing instructions that will help refine the convicts’ behavior to meet the behavioral norms of the general public. Skills are incorporated into the prison educational curriculum which is made up of basic skills of literacy and essential...
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...A Positive Perspective on Prison Education Prison Education Many people would agree that continuing an education is key to living in society. Therefore, education is very vital for every individual to maintain, regardless of how or where they obtain it. Having an education can provide people with some many opportunities to improve their lives. Even though people believe that education is important, many people disagree with education being taught in prison. Many of the inmates are high school dropouts or have an eighth grade education or less; therefore, they need to receive an education. For that reason, educating prisoners provides an opportunity for them to learn how to become better readers and expand their knowledge. Usually inmate’s reasons for dropping out of school included a greater rate of grade retention, school transfers, misbehavior, poor attendance, and poor grades. Inmates also experienced less time in extracurricular activities and very little time with a school counselor during their time in school” (Vacca 301). For many people to succeed they have to be motivated, it’s always hard to stay focused when so many obstacles are put in front of anyone. Education can reinforce goals people have, their culture beliefs, and how important education really is. However, many people lose that focus when they feel that they are not...
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...Imprisonment comes with many problems, from “transitional issues for inmates post-release” (Contardo, 2008) to financial impacts due to the rising costs of incarceration. For years prison workers and other professionals have been trying to find a way to reduce these effects. One of the ways they have found is through an education system within the prison. Many see giving those in prison a chance to partake in a form of education as a way to negate ‘prisonization’. Prisonization, according to Harer (1994) as quoted in Contardo (2008) is the “process by which prisoners become alienated from prison rules, staff, and the larger society”. A large contributor to the process of prisonization is Gesham Sykes theory of deprivation. During his study he found...
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...The most evident scenario where education has proven to reduce crime and change the mind sets of criminals alike is the modern education programs established within the various prison systems globally. Throughout the history of the prison system there has been little focus placed on the rehabilitation and education of inmates at large, with a greater emphasis falling on punishment and forced isolation due to the dangers of working with such individuals. In recent years new strategies have been put forward and evidence has arisen around the impact of education upon prisoners within, and beyond the system itself. Studies conducted over the last two decades almost consistently indicate that higher education in prison programs reduces recidivism which translates into the reduction in crime, savings to taxpayers, and long-term contributions to the safety and well-being of the communities to which formerly incarcerated individuals return. Still the argument for and against prisoner’s education wages, Jody Lewen (2007) would suggest that not only can these practices be approached in a safe and cost effective manner, but the benefits can also drastically out way the drawbacks. As Lewen (2007) points out “In order to accomplish these changes, we’re going to have to adopt entirely unconventional, and some might even say revolutionary, ways of relating to each other as human beings”. In the United states the correctional education movement began with a clergyman named William Rodgers...
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...Post Secondary Education In Prisons: Today many Americans are facing economic and government uncertainty. With the growing prison population and increased recidivism rate, it is time for a change in correctional policies. To spark the change in correctional policies recent studies have indicated that post secondary education programs have a significant correlation to reducing recidivism rates, prison costs, and prison population issues (Chappell, Cathryn A. 2004). Currently America makes up 5% of the world’s population, but accounts for more than 25% of prisoners incarcerated across other nations (Carson, A. & Sabol, W. 2012). This is a result of the political stance “get tough on crime”, a campaign that was started in the 1980’s that focused law enforcement agencies on combating drug crime (Spangenberg, 2004). This political stance is still prevalent today and has caused several problems for correctional facilities across the country. Prison facilities are unable to accommodate prisoners because of the lack of space for prisoners and lack of funding for beneficial programming” ( Erisman & Contrado 2005). Furthermore, prisoners are released from jail with no formal education or qualified job skills which typically leads them to resort back to criminal activities for economic gain; which causes high recidivism rates (Institute for Higher Education Policy 1994). Despite these issues Maryland and its neighboring states have began to implement cost effective Post Secondary...
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...Introduction to Argumentation: Education and Rehabilitation of Prison Inmates Nicole Watford ITT Tech June 22, 2013 Education and Rehabilitation of Prison Inmates The strain on law enforcement agencies to control crime could be greatly reduced if we were able to decrease the number of repeat offenders by offering both rehabilitation and educational resources to those inmates eligible for parole. According to the Bureau of Justice Statistics, (http://www.bjs.gov) released prisoners with the highest rearrest rates were robbers (70.2%), burglars (74.0%), larcenists (74.6%), motor vehicle thieves (78.8%), those in prison for possessing or selling stolen property (77.4%), and those in prison for possessing, using, or selling illegal weapons (70.2%). Much of the prison population is made up of inmates that have never obtained a high school diploma. An inmate being paroled with nothing to show for his or her time except for a prison record will discover it very difficult to find gainful employment. Most find it easier to return to the actions and behavior that led to their imprisonment, which is why fifty percent of former inmates return to prison within three years of release. Drug and alcohol rehabilitation is also key in reducing the rate of prisoners being readmitted to the prison population, “77% of convicted jail inmates were alcohol or drug-involved at the time of their current offense” (James, 2002, p. 2). According the Legislative Analyst’s Office of California...
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...on “Education vs. Prison Funding” The government is responsible for security of its citizens and it is also responsible to provide a safe socio-economic environment to its people, and in this context; Jails and schools are two important institutions of any society, which need regular monetary support from the government. Thus government has to be very careful in allocating funds to both of the institutions; as one punishes the convicts and other makes the people skillful, and wise enough to get a job and earn money for family. Government has to be very careful in allocation of funds to them, as it is very critical to decide which institution should be allocated more money. The report, “Prison Spending Affecting Higher Education in California” states that in 2008 one of every 48 adults was in jail; this data states the very reason that why prisons are getting so much funding against education. We need to take very stringent and effective steps to reduce the population of prisons. The article, “Education and Public Safety (2007)” mentions that the lack of proper education is directly proportional to increase in prison population; the fact that most criminals are from some particular areas, where the high school dropout is maximum, proves this theorem. It is dangerous for the future of the society that the education in lack of subsidy and proper funding is becoming unaffordable for more and more students. The prison data shows that around 50 percent population in the prison is of...
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...Research Proposal For Experimental Education Program in a Women’s Prison By Nick Capstone Research Design May 7, 2007 Introduction This study aims to examine the outcomes of an intensive, innovative educational program for under-educated women in prison. Traditional education programs in prisons are somewhat lacking. Usually, prisons only offer lackluster GED programs. When vocational programs are offered, they are often for out-of-date professions or extremely gendered (Brewster and Sharp 2002). This program would seek to improve the educational and release outcome of women using intensive instruction and low student-teacher ratios. The need for information on the backgrounds, lives and needs of incarcerated women is evident. Though they currently only make up 7.0% of prisoners held in state and federal facilities, women’s incarceration rates are increasing more quickly than men’s. From 1995-2005 the number of women incarcerated increased 57%, compared to 34% for men (Bureau of Justice Statistics 2005). Approximately 4 out of 5 women in prison have minor dependent children, and the majority of them have sole custody (Belknap 2007). Relationships with their children are often strained by incarceration. The focus of the study will be on the changes women experience within the prison environment, rather than their post-release outcomes. Some of the changes that these women experience within the prison system may affect their likelihood of receiving...
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...As a warden if I had to make the chose of saving six programs, I would be saving the following programs. The first program would be Mandatory Prison Education, were all prisoners will have to have some type of education before they leave the facility of prison, if they are going to be serving more than three year in prison. I always say an educated person sometimes make better choices in life. Knowledge is a powerful tool in life to make better choices and gives you better opportunities in life. The article Obama Is Reinstating Pell Grants for Prisoners we have a senator by the name Claiborne Pell saying “Diplomas are crime stoppers.” Also In 1994 the senate floor said “It costs much less to educate a prisoner than it does to keep one behind bars.” On this subject I can only say I do agree with this comment that education is a powerful instrument, weapon or tool for a convict. There is another article...
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...Racial Disparities in America’s Judicial System The mandatory imprisonment policies written for the judicial system are creating disparity of minority inmate population primarily due to non-violent drug crimes and the unjust mandatory minimum sentencing laws. America’s prisons are the most populated in the world, and they are disproportionately populated by minorities due to the set of mandatory imprisonment policies set in place. Over the past five decades, the disparity between races has widened dramatically according to the National Center on Institutions. In the 1950’s, blacks and Hispanics were the minorities in the prison system, whereas today whites are. Is this due to poverty? I’m sure poverty plays a big role in most cases. Robert Woodson Jr., president of the National Center for Neighborhood Enterprise said the reason young men engage in criminal activity is not just for money, it is to make a name for themselves, to have some expression of worth, even if the expression is self-destructive. Crack cocaine hit the streets in the early 1980’s, infesting the lower income areas. It’s a cheap drug compared to cocaine and easier to come by than some of the higher priced drugs. Is this considered racial disparity? The Sentencing Project in 2007 states that two-thirds of the regular crack users are white and Latino, 82 percent of defendants sentenced in federal court for crack offences are African-American. Criminologist William Chambliss suggest that blacks are more...
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...Prison Life and Recidivism Karen Cavanagh CRJ303: Corrections Instructor: Gary Gonzales September 19, 2011 Prison Life and Recidivism Prison recidivism is a problem in the United States, resulting in prison overcrowding. As the government struggles to address the conditions in prisons, researchers have begun to look at alternatives to incarceration. These alternatives can result in lowering crime, recidivism and the prison population. The numbers of people in the United States spending time in prison and the amount of time people are spending is an enormous problem and cost for every state (Langan & Levin, 2002). Prisons correctional role is mainly formed from the special strict environment where sentenced people are placed for a certain period of time. The difference in life conditions, that are stricter, more formal as well as restricted, forces on the sentenced person and has a correctional and educational function on his consciousness of a person. Prisoners have less freedoms and rights than those who are out of prison. They are forced to obey the rules of the correctional facility that includes a strict scheduled daily life, limit time for outside activities out of the cells, limited access to visitors and limited time of the visits. Prisoners in the United States have a shorter period of time for visitors to visit prisoners compared to other countries. The life of prisoners in the correctional institutions is based on the authoritarian regime of the prison’s...
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...Introduction to Argumentation Viengdavanh Cordero EN 1420 1. The chosen argument is B, “Prisons should focus more on rehabilitation and education than on punishment.” This argument will be presented to a group of law enforcement agency and then to a group of educators who are doing volunteer work in a prison. 2. Law enforcement agency: a. Strategy i. This is a group of law enforcement agency who I will assume have the knowledge of law enforcement to operate their ability to apply their restrictive powers. ii. The purpose of this argument is to persuade the law enforcement agency that it is in their best interest to support rehabilitation and education than punishment. iii. The contextual points will support the notion that what is better for prisoners as a whole will improve less population, drug abuse and crime in prison and in the long run. b. Argument: In order to have a society ran by people for the people, we must have order. It is up to law enforcement agency to ensure that prisoners are given a chance to re-enter society and become law-abiding citizens. It should be the mission of the government to rehabilitate the prisoner no matter the infraction. For example, if a prisoner has mental issues, there should be rehabilitative therapy implemented, so that the mental prisoner can be productive behind bars. Also by focusing on rehabilitation and education, it reduces recidivism and generates a positive return on tax payer investment. 3. Volunteer...
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...Jail and Prison Paper John Quackenbush CJA/204 March 11, 2013 Steve Nance Jail and Prison Paper In order to keep the public’s streets safe all offenders must be sentenced and sent to prison, jail, or some rehabilitation program where the offender can better him or herself. However, it must depend on what kind of crime the offender committed. If the offender was selling drugs, he or she is sentenced to a federal prison, but if he or she where to be receiving threats because he or she witnessed a drug deal while dealing he or she is sent to jail for protection. Jail and prison have always had bad reputations of violence occurring inside the facility. Therefore, those who are let out early on good behavior are ecstatic to be out of such chaotic environment. Upon being released the individual will be placed on either probation or parole. Both probation and parole have law enforcement professionals who will supervise the newly reintegrated individual while he or she is trying to get his or life back on track. Parole and probation officers often encourage the individual to enroll into school or start a new career. There are three security levels of prisons and there are two types of prisons. The two types of prisons are Federal and State prisons. Federal prisons hold individuals who commit federal crimes such as smuggling drugs. State prisons hold individuals that are convicted of crimes of the State. The three levels of security of prisons are minimum, medium, and maximum...
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...How can the police or prison or probation service be seen to be effective? Critically examine measures used and explore alternatives. Introduction: Imprisonment and jailing has been an effective way to protect the society from corrupt people and individuals with criminal tendencies. The theory behind imprisonment is to isolate the wrong-doer from the society as the person can be harmful and dangerous to other people, and also stop him from enjoying civil liberties, thus enhancing the sense of deprivation and lack of freedom as a punishment to deter him from repeating the crime in the future. Although this may sound an ideal way to deal with criminals, the ground realities are quite different from the expected results. As no solution is perfect and without flaws, the same goes with this problem of handling criminal behaviour and controlling uncivil citizens, thus increasing problems inside the prisons and penitentiaries. Prisons hold a complete new world inside them. As the most dangerous people from all over the country or province/state are collected in a single space, the chances of different mishaps and unwanted happenings are increased a hundred fold. Therefore, the prison service or probation service should be capable of handling such situations. Furthermore, the prison service should competent enough to prevent any incidents from happening at all. Containing any undesirable situations, preventing jailbreaks, controlling prisoner riots, thwarting murder attempts...
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