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Questions and problems on global firms and governance, international monetary systems, forex markets, and parities.

Global firms and governance:

1. How would you define and measure multinational corporations? A firm is called a MNC if it has controlling real assets or operating facilities in multiple countries. Operationally, it can be measured by the extent of “foreign content,” proxied by foreign sales ratios, foreign asset ratios, and foreign employee ratios, or their averages, augmented by the number of countries in which the firm has operations.

2. Define greenfield investment versus foreign direct investment.

FDI involves corporate investments in real assets located aboard and includes both greenfield investment and international mergers and acquisitions. The greenfield investment involves construction of plants and equipment or R&D facilities from the scratch.

3. ESM13, chapter 2, question 8. Labor Unions. In Germany and Scandinavia, among others, labor unions have representation on boards of directors or supervisory boards. How might such union representation be viewed under the shareholder wealth maximization model compared to the corporate wealth maximization model?

Labor union representation that may be required by statute is an example of governmental direction toward the corporate stakeholder model (or corporate wealth maximization model), in that such a requirement is intended to make the board responsive to stakeholders including owners. Under the stakeholder model, such a statute would be viewed favorably, while under the shareholder wealth model such a statute would be viewed as undue interference into the right of owners to manage the assets into which they alone have invested money.

4. ESM13, chapter 2, question 14. Stock Options. How

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