...REVENUE RECOGNITION MULTIPLE CHOICE—Conceptual AnswerNo.Description c1.Revenue recognition principle. b2.Definition of "realized." a3.Definition of "earned." d4.Recognizing revenue at point of sale. d5.Recording sales when right of return exists. c6.Revenue recognition when right of return exists. d7.Revenue recognition when right of return exists. b8.Appropriate accounting method for long-term contracts. c9.Percentage-of-completion method. b10.Percentage-of-completion method. c11.Classification of progress billings and construction in process. b12.Calculation of gross profit using percentage-of-completion. a13.Disclosure of earned but unbilled revenues. c14.Revenue, cost, and gross profit under completed contract. b15.Disadvantage of using percentage-of-completion. a16.Loss recognition on a long-term contract. c17.Accounting for long-term contract losses. d18.Criteria for revenue recognition of completion of production. a19.Completion-of-production basis. c20.Presentation of deferred gross profit. c21.Appropriate use of the installment-sales method. b22.Valuing repossessed assets. b23.Gross profit deferred under the installment-sales method. b24.Income recognition under the cost-recovery method. b25.Income recognition under the cost-recovery method. d26.Cost recovery basis of revenue recognition. d*27.Allocation of initial franchise fee. a*28Recognition of continuing...
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...To: Bruce Darling From: Jordyn Peterson Date: October 28, 2014 Subject: Revenue Recognition The SEC provides criteria to help assess risks for the timing of revenue recognition. Recognizing revenue can be difficult to decide so auditors refer to the provided guidance to apply the concept that revenue should not be recognized until it is realized or is realizable and earned. The criteria to help decide when revenue should be recognized includes: * Pervasive evidence of an arrangement exists * Delivery has occurred or services have been rendered * The seller’s price is fixed or determinable * The collectability is reasonably assured These criteria are just a simple guideline because depending on the client the recognition could be different. The auditor must further research a client’s transactions regarding aspects such as contracts, shipment of goods, passing of title, sales transactions and returns so they are able to make an informed judgment to determine when and how to recognize revenue. Separate Deliverables The key feature when determining revenue recognition in AOL’s software package is deciding if the sale of software and the monthly Internet services are separate deliverables. If they are not separate deliverables they should be combined and treated as a single unit of accounting. The auditor should gather information regarding if they sell the Internet service and the software separately and if the arrangement has a right to return the service...
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...Technical Report Topic Ideas any major: technology management issues in technical writing or communications multi-cultural/multinational issues competition for consumers professional problem professional code of ethics implementing an ombudsman program product liability on site security--data, people or materials workplace violence outsourcing new overtime regulations accounting: inventory systems pension/ stock option problems corporate contributions to political parties executive compensation prevention of accounting fraud risk analysis agriculture: land use management genetically altered plants control of crown gall in ornamental plants methods of crop estimation/pricing/futures bioterrorism in crops architecture: options in environmental or natural disaster proof structures (floods, fires, earthquakes, etc.) landscape designs for different environments (drought, boggy, etc.) solar heating or cooling designs lighting systems for large structures restoration methods for old and/or historic buildings aviation: wind shear problems and solutions pilot retirement or retention issues training and safety procedures global positioning systems runway incursion solutions aircraft fatigue competing materials for aircraft structures screening/security issues options in aircraft for corporate use small airport management biology/pre-med liability insurance/malpractice reform options in diagnosis or treatment ...
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...and security when demanded is worthwhile. Automatic door is a new way of creating doors without the need to manually apply force in the case of doors with handles or keys. Using a computer to control the opening and closing of the door with the use of programming skills makes the door more flexible and adaptable to changes when required. The biometrics technology based on Iris recognition can be used in the development and automation of security doors. Biometrics as a form of software technology is applicable in automation to create security and restrict unrecognized assessment of the machine infrastructure. Biometrics is a human identification/authentication technology based on physical, biological, and behavioral characteristics. These characteristics include face, fingerprint, iris, voice, and hand geometry. Compared to traditional authentication methods, biometrics is more reliable and convenient. Among them, it is reported that iris is one of the most reliable biometrics. The major construction of the door prototype with electric circuit design was carried out and the development of an iris recognition software using MATLAB to interface with the door prototype. Series of the prototype testing has shown different results. The red light indicator showed the hardware and software connection and door lock. With Iris matching, the door is opened (the green light indicates), and with Iris non-matching, the door is not opened (the green light does not Indicate). INTRODUCTION ...
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...History and uses of Biometrics HISTORY AND USES OF BIOMETRICS By Marie C. Smith Gerard Beatty SEC310 March 10, 2014 Table of Contents I. First uses of Biometrics Facial recognition------------------------------------------------------------------------------3 Ancient finger prints---------------------------------------------------------------------------4 II. Types of Biometrics A. Physiological-------------------------------------------------------------------------------4 DNA fingerprinting-----------------------------------------------------------------------5 IRIS Recognition--------- ----------------------------------------------------------------5 B. Behavioral-----------------------------------------------------------------------------------6 HISTORY AND USES OF BIOMETRICS Biometrics which is a Greek term for bio-life and metrics-measure has been used since caveman time on cave paintings by putting a handprint next to the painting to distinguish the artist so everyone knows who painted it and later in in china parents hand printed and foot printed their children to identify while and Egyptian merchants and traders were identified by physiological descriptions to tell who were the trusted traders of successful transactions and those new to the marketplace. Today biometrics is the use of both physiological and behavioral sciences to identify and secure work sites that are critical to the ways we bank and do business...
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...overcome the unique challenges they face in today's modern, high communication world. While Assistive Technology is making strides to close the learning gap between persons with and without learning disabilities there is still a long way to go before technology provides a level playing field for these challenged individuals. Many of the issues with existing assistive technology revolves around clumsy, inefficient interfaces that struggle to find a balance between ease of use and sufficient complexity to ensure that the proper sequence of instructions is implemented. Machine learning is on the cutting edge of programming practices and presents some significant improvement possibilities in the areas of natural language processing, pattern recognition, and interface design. Machine learning has the potential to play a significant role in allowing assistive technologies to be more adaptive to persons with diverse sets of needs. This paper will attempt to define some specific areas of assistive technology that could benefit most from the application of machine learning. We will frame the definitions by aligning specific learning disabilities with current and future assistive technologies and then examining how the implementation of machine learning could improve upon them. Introduction The need for assistive technologies is undeniable with as many as 8 to 10 percent of children that are under the age of 18 in the United States having one form of learning disability or another.(NINDS)...
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...theme Revenue Recognition R evenue is usually the largest single item in financial statements, and the issues involving revenue recognition are among the most important and difficult ones that standardsetters and accountants face. In recent years, concerns related to the recognition of revenue in accordance with Accounting Standards have heightened significantly. Quite often, companies end up tweaking the Revenue numbers, besides some other reasons. Recording revenue improperly is also a commonly used ‘earnings management technique’. The ever evolving business models and the growing online economy have only compounded the issue. Earnings Management/Issues with revenue recognition have been the subject of headlines in the United States and in the other parts of the world in the last few years. -Shrikant Sortur The author is a member of the Institute as well as AICPA, working with Lason Systems Inc, MI, USA. He can be reached at shrikant_ sortur@yahoo.com Revenue Recognition Under US GAAP It is estimated that Revenue Recognition related aspects appear in close to two hundred different pieces of accounting literature; of course these pieces of literature include many nuances, some of which are unique to particular transactions. Since no comprehensive standard on revenue recognition exists, there is a significant gap between the broad conceptual guidance in the Financial International Accounting Standards (IAS) are drafted on a ‘Principles-based’ approach....
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...Development of Attendance Management System using Biometrics. O. Shoewu, Ph.D.1,2* and O.A. Idowu, B.Sc. 1 1 Department of Electronic and Computer Engineering, Lagos State University, Epe Campus, Nigeria. 2 Department of Electrical and Electronics, University of Benin, Edo State, Nigeria. E-mail: engrshoewu@lasunigeria.org* ABSTRACT In this paper, the development of an attendance management system using biometrics is proposed. Managing student attendance during lecture periods has become a difficult challenge. The ability to compute the attendance percentage becomes a major task as manual computation produces errors, and also wastes a lot of time. For the stated reason, an efficient attendance management system using biometrics is designed. This system takes attendance electronically with the help of a finger print device and the records of the attendance are stored in a database. Attendance is marked after student identification. For student identification, a biometric (fingerprint) identification based system is used. This process however, eliminates the need for stationary materials and personnel for the keeping of records. Eighty candidates were used to test the system and success rate of 94% was recorded. The manual attendance system average execution time for eighty students was 17.83 seconds while it was 3.79 seconds for the automatic attendance management system using biometrics. The results showed improved performance over manual attendance management system....
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...International Journal of Science and Research (IJSR) ISSN (Online): 2319-7064 Writer Adaptation for Handwriting Recognition in Hindi Language – A Survey Nupur Gulalkari1, Shreya Prabhu2, Anjali Pachpute3, Rekha Sugandhi4, Kapil Mehrotra5 1,2 , 3, 4 5 Computer Department, MIT College of Engineering, Pune, India GIST, Center for Development of Advanced Computing, Pune, India Abstract: With the advancement in technology, there is an increased use of pen-based touch screen devices and PDAs. These devices come with an alternative for the traditional alphanumeric or QWERTY keyboard which is input in the form of user’s handwriting. The handwriting is then converted into normal text form. However, these devices require prior training to be done by the user. There is a high demand for robust and accurate recognition systems in the practical applications of handwriting recognition. The real challenge lies with the selection of a classifier which gives accurate results in real-time, while making the system self-adaptive simultaneously. Thus, in this paper various classifiers have been studied so as to find the most appropriate classifier for anonline handwriting recognition system for handwriting in Hindi language that provides a way by which the touch screen device adapts itself to its user handwriting without prior training is studied. Keywords: Active-DTW, Markov Model, Self -adaptation, SVM, Writer adaptation 1. Introduction Hindi is the fourth most spoken language...
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...Student Attendance System Based On Fingerprint Recognition and One-to-Many Matching A thesis submitted in partial fulfillment of the requirements for the degree of Bachelor of Technology in Computer Science and Engineering by Rishabh Mishra (Roll no. 107cs016) and Prashant Trivedi (Roll no. 107cs015) Under the guidance of : Prof. B. Majhi Department of Computer Science and Engineering National Institute of Technology Rourkela Rourkela-769 008, Orissa, India 2 . Dedicated to Our Parents and Indian Scientific Community . 3 National Institute of Technology Rourkela Certificate This is to certify that the project entitled, ‘Student Attendance System Based On Fingerprint Recognition and One-to-Many Matching’ submitted by Rishabh Mishra and Prashant Trivedi is an authentic work carried out by them under my supervision and guidance for the partial fulfillment of the requirements for the award of Bachelor of Technology Degree in Computer Science and Engineering at National Institute of Technology, Rourkela. To the best of my knowledge, the matter embodied in the project has not been submitted to any other University / Institute for the award of any Degree or Diploma. Date - 9/5/2011 Rourkela (Prof. B. Majhi) Dept. of Computer Science and Engineering 4 Abstract Our project aims at designing an student attendance system which could effectively manage attendance of students at institutes like NIT Rourkela. Attendance is marked after student...
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...General Instructions There are ten cases included in this packet (Cases #1 through #9). You are responsible for reading all nine cases prior to class on Monday, October 7th. In addition, your group is responsible for informally presenting the solution to one case on that date. The case assigned to each group corresponds to your group number. Your presentation should take the form of “teaching” the rest of the class the material related to the case. Keep in mind that for exam purposes all groups are responsible for the content and solutions to all cases so your group’s effectiveness at teaching the material is invaluable to your classmates. How you can best accomplish your task is up to you but you should, at a minimum, include the following in your presentation: • An overall summary of the case facts; • An explanation of the key accounting issue(s); • An identification and discussion of the relevant sections of the FASB Accounting Standards Codification; • A demonstration as to how the relevant authoritative accounting literature was interpreted and used to address the facts in your case; • A discussion of the accounting conclusions reached; and • Any required journal entries In addition to the in-class informal presentations, your group is also responsible for preparing a memo which includes a summary of: • The case facts so that the reader knows the background and the substance of the accounting issues in your case; • The relevant...
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...CHAPTER 18 Revenue Recognition ASSIGNMENT CLASSIFICATION TABLE (BY TOPIC) Topics Questions Brief Exercises Exercises Problems Concepts for Analysis *1. Realization and recognition; sales transactions; high rates of return. 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 22 1 1, 2, 3 1 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 7, 8, 9 *2. Long-term contracts. 7, 8, 9, 10, 11, 12, 22 2, 3, 4, 5, 6 4, 5, 6, 7, 8, 9, 10 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, 14, 15, 16, 17 1, 2, 3, 6 *3. Installment sales. 13, 14, 15, 16, 17, 18, 19, 20, 21, 22 7, 8, 9 11, 12, 13, 14, 15, 16 1, 8, 9, 10, 11, 12, 15 1, 2, 3 *4. Repossessions on installment sales. 8 13, 17, 18 10, 11, 12, 13, 14 *5. Cost-recovery method; deposit method. 13, 22, 23, 24 10 15, 16 8, 9 *6. Franchising. 22, 25, 26, 27, 28 11 19, 20 10 *7. Consignments. 29 12 21 *This material is dealt with in an Appendix to the chapter. ASSIGNMENT CLASSIFICATION TABLE (BY LEARNING OBJECTIVE) Learning Objectives Brief Exercises Exercises Problems 1. Apply the revenue recognition principle. 1 1, 2, 3 2. Describe accounting issues for revenue recognition at point of sale. 1 1, 2, 3 1 3. Apply the percentage-of-completion method for long-term contracts. 2, 3 4, 5, 6, 7, 8, 9 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, 16, 17 4. Apply the completed-contract method for long-term contracts. 4, 5 4, 8, 9, 10 1, 2, 3, 5, 6, 7, 15, 16, 17 5. Identify the proper accounting for losses on long-term contracts. 6 10 5...
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...BYBLOS: The BBN continuous speech recognition system :- In this paper, they describe BYBLOS, the BBN continuous speech recognition system. The system, designed for large vocabulary applications, integrates acoustic, phonetic, lexical, and linguistic knowledge sources to achieve high recognition performance. The basic approach it makes is the extensive use of robust context-dependent models of phonetic coarticulation using Hidden Markov Models (HMM). It describes the components of the BYBLOS system, including: signal processing frontend, dictionary, phonetic model training system, word model generator, grammar and decoder. In recognition experiments, it demonstrates consistently high word recognition performance on continuous speech across: speakers, task domains, and grammars of varying complexity. In speaker-dependent mode, where 15 minutes of speech is required for training to a speaker, 98.5% word accuracy has been achieved in continuous speech for a 350-word task, using grammars with perplexity ranging from 30 to 60. With only 15 seconds of training speech we demonstrate performance of 97% using a grammar. http://ieeexplore.ieee.org/xpl/freeabs_all.jsp?arnumber=1169748 Audio-visual modeling for bimodal speech recognition:- Audio-visual speech recognition is a novel extension of acoustic speech recognition and has received a lot of attention in the last few decades. The main motivation behind bimodal speech recognition is the bimodal characteristics of speech perception...
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...follow in preparing accounts and financial statements. Financial statements provide knowledge of the financial health of companies. Learning about the different financial statements and their uses is important to understand how a company is competing in its market and if the company is successful. Through financial statements investors, creditors, and managers can analyze the health, risks, and profits. Two principles come into play when discussing financial statements and what information is applicable during certain periods. Those principles are revenue recognition principle and expense recognition principle. After discovering which transactions are applicable the information is input in the financial statements. Then the applicable information is written in a journal with explanations. Sometimes changes occur and when this happens one needs to understand the situations requiring adjustment journal entries. The revenue recognition principle requires the company to only recognize earned revenue in the accounting period. This principle falls under generally accepted accounting principles or GAAP. The principle applies to companies depending on the type of accounting base they use. Under accrual-basis accounting, for example a delivery service company completes deliveries for a shipment company the entire month of July for a fee of $500. The company should recognize the revenue upon completion of the month, even if the delivery service company does not expect payment for another couple...
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...ARTIFICIAL NEURAL NETWORK FOR SPEECH RECOGNITION One of the problem found in speech recognition is recording samples never produce identical waveforms. This happens due to different in length, amplitude, background noise, and sample rate. This problem can be encountered by extracting speech related information using Spectogram. It can show change in amplitude spectra over time. For example in diagram below: X Axis : TimeY Axis : FrequencyZ Axis : Colour intensity represents magnitude | | A cepstral analysis is a popular method for feature extraction in speech recognition applications and can be accomplished using Mel Frequency Cepstrum Coefficient (MFCC) analysis Input Layer is 26 Cepstral CoefficientsHidden Layer is 100 fully-connected hidden-layerWeight is range between -1 and +1 * It is initially random and remain constantOutput : * 1 output unit for each target * Limited to values between 0 and +1 | | First of all, spoken digits were recorded. Seven samples of each digit consist of “one” through “eight” and a total of 56 different recordings with varying length and environmental conditions. The background noise was removed from each sample. Then, calculate MFCC using Malcolm Slaney’s Auditory Toolbox which is c=mfcc(s,fs,fix((3*fs)/(length(s)-256))). Choose intended target and create a target vector. If the training network recognise spoken one, target has a value of +1 for each of the known “one” stimuli and 0 for everything else. This will be supervised...
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