...Business Studies Notes Role of operations management Effective operations management adds value to a business by: • Increasing productivity • Reducing costs • Improving quality - This achieves a strategic competitive advantage through lower costs and/or differentiated goods. - Role of the operations manager will require skills such as communication, decision-making, delegating and complex problem solving. Strategic role of operations management - A strategic decision affects the business in the long-term - Strategic goals improve productivity, efficiency and quality of outputs - Long-term decisions will cover three broad areas: • Planning production and delivery • Controls to manage quality • Improving operations o Cost leadership - Business aims to be the lowest cost manufacturer within its industry - Products are basic, fewer features, lower quality and low cost packaging - Small profit-margin, high volume of sales - Low costs can be achieved through: • Outsourcing • Economies of scale in production and distribution • Access to cheaper raw materials • Inventing an innovative method of production - Achieving cost leadership would allow the business to be an above average performer with healthy sales and profits - Benefits of cost leadership can be maintained through effective marketing, finance and human resources strategies - Disadvantages: • Competitors can use the same strategy • Consumer preferences change and the market for a ‘low-cost...
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...------------------------------------------------- ------------------------------------------------- ------------------------------------------------- ZAMBIA CENTRE FOR ACCOUNTANCY STUDIES ------------------------------------------------- ------------------------------------------------- ------------------------------------------------- PROGRAMME: BA BUSINESS PROCUREMENT AND SUPPLY CHAIN. . MANAGEMENT ------------------------------------------------- ------------------------------------------------- ------------------------------------------------- COURSE: BUSI 1482 – MANAGING STRATEGY ------------------------------------------------- ------------------------------------------------- ------------------------------------------------- lectureR: mS. MALANIYA CHANAKIRA ------------------------------------------------- ------------------------------------------------- ------------------------------------------------- GROUP MEMBERS: HUMPHREY NSAMA (BAPSM) ------------------------------------------------- OSCAR HAMANGABA (BAPSM) ------------------------------------------------- LWIZYA M. MWENGWE (BAPSM) ------------------------------------------------- STANLEY NGANGULA (BAPSM) ------------------------------------------------- ...
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...EFFECT OF INFORMATION TECHNOLOGY IN THE CREATION AND MAINTENANCE OF SUSTAINABLE COMPETITIVE ADVANTAGE A. Talebnejad[1] Faculty of Management and Accounting Shahid Beheshti University Email: taleb149@yahoo.com Abstract -By the appropriate use of information technology, organizations can achieve sustainable competitive advantages. This technology because of including some characteristics such as being up-to-date, fast and precise and having different geographic localities all the time, has improved organizational efficiency, effectiveness and performance. In this article, we intend to investigate the role and effect of information technology in the creation and maintenance of sustainable competitive advantages from two different approaches: market-based approach and the resource-based approach. In the Market-based approach, meeting customer's and creating values for them, using information technology and the issue of achieving the competitive advantage and position in the market by organizations are addressed. In the resource-based approach, compatibility of the organization's resources such as those of information technology and organizational skills, particularly managerial ones are investigated. Amongst different organizational skills and resources, only managerial skills of information technology can create a sustainable competitive advantage. Keywords: Information Technology, Sustainable Competitive Advantage, Creation of Value for Customers, Resource-Based Approach, Market-Based...
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...Drawing on the Resource Based View literature, evaluate whether and how Zara generates sustainable competitive advantage. A firm is said to have competitive advantage when its profits exceed the average of its industry and that of its rivals (Grant, 1991). According to Grant (1991) the RBV sees organizations as a collection of resources which when combined forms organizational capabilities. The goal of every business strategy is to achieve a sustainable competitive advantage. According to Collis and Montgomery (2008) a firm’s resources are responsible for its better performance while working in a dynamic environment which academics term as resource based view of the firm (RBV). The RBV analysis assumes that both resources and capabilities are important for better performance and explains why some firms perform better than others in an industry. Using RBV as a framework this essay aims to examine how ZARA generates sustainable competitive advantage. (Opening is good, you have been able to introduce theory that would be discussed the essay). “A fast fashion system combines quick response production capabilities with enhanced product design capabilities to both design latest products that capture the latest consumer trends and exploit minimal production lead times to match supply with uncertain demand” (Cachon and Swinney, 2011). Fast fashion is widely gaining recognition as being a key enabler for success for modern fashion retailers (Barnes and Lea-Greenwood, 2006). Fashion...
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...formation of the Group Executive Committee (Group Exco) last year saw the active involvement of the committee members in reviewing the operational performance of the business units. During the year, five Group Exco meetings were held during which management presented their operational updates and sought advice on strategic and investment matters. In addition to the formal assessment of the effectiveness of the Board and Board Committee, Board peer review was included during the year. An important component of the overall management processes is risk management and internal controls. Faced with increasing price volatility of raw materials and packaging materials, the Board has established a procurement framework to safeguard and manage purchasing risks in the Group. Corporate Responsibility The F&N Group is ever mindful of its responsibilities towards the environment and community within which we operate. Environmental consideration is an integral part of our operations and numerous water and energy conservation measures have been initiated in our business operations. The group also aims to build long term sustainable value and make positive impact on its brands with its consumers and community. SWOT analysis In FNCC, the top management are using SWOT analysis in defining its mission and vision. Mission is to generate products that are trusted for generations and can be found at every corner in Malaysia while its vision is to be the dominant world class Total...
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...limited resources; because his or her inability to know the buyers interest directly or indirectly affects his profit margin therefore the need to study the power of the customer with regards to purchasing power and the need to fish out their interest at any given time in the production process. A thorough search has come up with the following factors as those that have the ability to influence a business windfall or profit margin in firms .Substainability of industry profit is a yardstick through which an organization can fulfil it aspirations. It can be daunting for business owners even to consider sustainability when they have other things to think about the day to day operations of the business. To be effective , sustainability needs to be worked into a business core strategy. This means starting with the executive discussions at the top level and ensuring that priorities trickle down to the lower level. Profit is the life blood of every sustainable organization to operate in the competitive environment. The following outline the signal for profit in an organization. Power of input suppliers Supplierspower refers to the ability of providers of inputs to determine the price and the items of supply. Suppliers can exert power over firms industry by raising price or reducing the quantities of purchased goods and services thereby reducing profitability. Industry profits tend to be lower when suppliers’ power tends to be...
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...Topic 1- operations Chapter 1: ROLE OF OPERATIONS MANAGEMENT The role of operations managementThe creation of goods and the provision of services by businesses. The transformation of inputs into outputs or products to be sold. This involves: * planning activities * purchasing inputs * managing inventory * selecting and implementing manufacturing processes * Developing strategies to gain a sustainable competitive advantage. | The strategic role of managementA strategic decision is one that affects the business in the long term. The strategic goals areto improve: * productivity * efficiency * quality of outputsTherefore, all strategic decisions will focus on lower costs to an industry benchmark through efficiency and producing a good or service that is different to and competitive against rivals in the market. There are 3 types of strategies that are commonly used by businesses to gain and maintain a competitive advantage. These are: * cost leadership * product differentiation * market segmentationcost leadershipA cost leadership strategy is where a business aims to be the lowest cost manufacturer within its industry. The products are the basic, no-frills type with fewer features, perhaps lower quality and using low-cost packaging. Low costs can be achieved through: * economies of scale in production and distribution, * access to cheaper raw materials * exclusive access to a large source of low cost inputs * Distributing the product using...
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...Week 5 Literature Review Hastings, Donald F. (1999). "Lincoln Electric's Harsh Lessons from International Expansion." Harvard Business Review, May-June, 1999, pp. 168-178. Pfeffer, Jeffrey. (1995). “Producing sustainable competitive advantage through the effective management of people.” The Academy of Management Executive; Feb 1995. Rigby, Darrell. (1998). “What's today's special at the consultants' cafe?” Fortune; Sep 7, 1998. Stamps, David. (1997). “The self-organizing system.” Training; Apr 1997. Roxy Hutchinson Dr. Smith – MBAD 7913 August 1, 2014 Article review and critique: “Lincoln Electric's Harsh Lessons from International Expansion” by Donald Hastings (1999). Synopsis: Donald Hastings’ article, “Lincoln Electric’s Harsh Lessons from International Expansion” is a short biographical article about his first two years as CEO of Lincoln Electric in Cleveland, Ohio. Just about a half hour into his role of CEO, Hastings received very grim news about the finances of the company, specifically abroad in Europe. Hastings explains that even though US operations were thriving, the margin from the US operations would not cover the debt in Europe and other international countries like Japan and Latin America. While talking to his advisors over the next few weeks, Hastings finds out that the company may default on its loans, and even worse for the first time in company history, they may not be able to pay the US manufacturer workers their yearly bonus. Even...
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...ISSUES AND CONTROVERSIES IN MANAGEMENT PROJECT Table of Contents Abstract 3 1. Chapter One 4 1.1. Background of the Study 4 1.2. Introduction 5 1.3. Research Question 7 1.4. Aims and Objectives 8 2. Literature Review 8 2.1. Introduction 8 2.2. The concept of sustainable competitive advantage 9 2.3. The concept of knowledge 12 2.4. Knowledge Acquisition, Sharing and Competitive Advantage 14 3. Chapter Three 17 3.1. Research Methodology 17 3.1.1.Introduction 17 3.1.2.Research Design 17 3.1.3.Sample Population 18 3.1.4.Sampling Procedure 19 3.1.5.Data Collection Methods 19 4. Chapter Four 20 4.1. Data Findings, Processing and Analysis 20 4.2. Findings 20 5. Chapter Five 25 5.1. Conclusion 25 6. References 28 Appendix ……...…………………………………………………………………….31 Abstract Small and Medium Size Enterprises’ (SMEs) learning capacity plays a crucial role in generating ingredients necessary for attaining differential performances. Thus, knowledge acquisition and sharing are prerequisites for attaining competitive edge; it is argued above that essentially, organizations operating within a competitive business environment undertake greater knowledge acquisition and sharing through a wider set of learning orientations. There are two paths by which firms can use knowledge to create and sustain its competitive advantage. Firstly, firms can act internally...
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...508 Contemporary Business June 8, 2014 Abstract The production and management systems in many industries get revolutionized globally due to changing technologies. The automobile industry is not left behind and is currently facing new opportunities and threats. Increase in safety requirements, globalization, digitalization and individualization are a few factors that are spearheading the change in the industry. Survival of companies has been made uncertain, and only those that consumers find to add value are guaranteed the existence. This paper will analyze two leading automobile industries, Toyota Motors and General Motors, and the marketing techniques and strategies that have enabled their survival in the recent past. The study will reveal that environmental interpretation and aspiration to the usage of new technology are important factors for the generation of profit and retention of the market share in the automobile industry. Promotion Strategies Sales promotion denotes devices that are used to induce buyers to buy products that the company offers in the market, in a manner that is better than competitors in order to attract and retain customers. This form of advertising may be consumer oriented in the sense that manufacturers induce buyers through samples, bonus packs, coupons and rebates, or retailers inducing the buyers via double coupons, special displays and price...
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...Competitive Advantage Paper Strategic Management MGT/498 Competitive Advantage Paper Riordan Manufacturing has several competitive advantages it can establish, which coincide with previously researched organizations. This paper discusses those advantages and competitive strategies meant to improve innovation and the sustainability both domestically and globally. An explanation and estimation of how these strategies will affect sustainability of long-term performance and an explanation of the impact of the global market on Riordan’s business strategy concludes the paper. Competitive Advantage Every organization can establish some type of competitive advantage. Recent research about the competitive advantages of FedEx, Southwest, Toyota, McCain Foods, and Cargill assists in identifying Riordan’s competitive advantage. The first step in creating a competitive advantage is creating a mission statement and developing a strategic plan. Firms that operate with a strategic plan develop a focus and tend to have everyone in the organization aligned. Introducing unique core products or services leads to the establishment of a competitive advantage. In the case of FedEx, the core service is transporting products...
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...ATHE-Level-6 Diploma in Management Strategic Marketing Unit 6.5 Submitted to: London Churchill College Submitted by: Student ID: Date of Submission: Table of Contents: Introduction: 2 Task 1 3 1.1 Assessment on the role of strategic marketing in an organization: 3 1.2 Analysis on the relationship between corporate strategy and marketing strategy: 3 1.3 Analysis on how marketing strategy is developed: 5 Task 2 6 2.1 Evaluation on approaches to internal environmental analysis 6 2.2 Evaluate approaches to external environmental analysis: 7 2.3 The integration of Internal and external environment analyses: 8 Task 3 9 3.1 Analysis on decisions and choices to be made at a corporate level: 9 3.2 Assess how these decisions influence marketing at business unit and functional level: 10 3.3 Analyze approaches to competitive positioning of organization: 11 Task 4 12 4.1 Identify a range of strategies that can contribute to competitive advantage 12 4.2 Analyze marketing communications strategies 13 4.3 Analyze marketing strategies, their application and implementation for an organization 14 References: 15 Introduction: Marketing is one of the most critical and vital functional area. According P. Kotler & A. Chernes, (2012) Marketing is a managerial process for offering products and services for consumption in...
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...either in terms of function fulfillment or economic value. (p.238) • Also a system of products, services, supporting networks and infrastructure designed to be competitive, satisfy customer needs and have a lower environmental impact than traditional business models (p. 239) • Impacts on sustainability of a corporation • Drivers: Can provide access to new strategic markets opportunities, market trends and developments and potentially stay competitive as patterns of production and consumption are transformed. • Barriers: Fundamental cultural shifts are required. Markets and products may be hard to develop, consumers may resist. MGMT2001 - Corporate Sustainability 2 Context and Characteristics • Blurring of manufacturing and service: The role of services in providing value is ever more important. Added value is created by technological improvments, intellectual property, product image and brand names, aesthetic design and styling that differentiate and diversify products. Functional economy: Function is the key to customer‟s satisfaction – not products per se. Strategic design: a new approach for businesses in a turbulent market. • • MGMT2001 - Corporate Sustainability 3 Benefits for companies - Generally • • • • • See strategic new market opportunities, trends and developments. Stay competitive and patterns of production and consumption are transformed by environmental...
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...sales proved the most important for the global breakfast cereal market in 2010, generating total revenues of $24.4 billion, equivalent to 87.2% of the market's overall value. The performance of the market is forecasted to accelerate with an anticipated CAGR of 4.1% for the five-year period 2010 to 2015, which is expected to drive the market to a value of $34.2 billion by the end of 2015 (Datamonitor, 2011). Kellogg’s is the world's leading producer of cereal and controls over 32% of the market share (Datamonitor, 2011). The company is thus well positioned to exploit the growing breakfast cereals market and enhance its top line and profitability. Trends in Market and Customer Preference Current trends show that global markets have gone through a cultural change in the past few years. Consumers are demanding healthier food (Vyth et al., 2010). To meet the demand Kellogg’s will spend more money on Research and Development (R&D) to include healthier food choices. They will develop products that are differentiated in the...
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...and Techniques for Crafting and Executing Strategy tho29503_ch01_001-017.indd 1 12/10/12 4:52 PM Confirming Pages WHAT IS STRATEGY AND WHY IS IT IMPORTANT? AP Learning Objectives TE R CHAPTER 1 Learn what we mean by a company’s strategy. LO 2 Grasp the concept of a sustainable competitive advantage. LO 3 Develop an awareness of the four most basic strategic approaches for winning a sustainable competitive advantage. LO 4 Understand that a company’s strategy tends to evolve over time because of changing circumstances and ongoing management efforts to improve the company’s strategy. LO 5 Learn why it is important for a company to have a viable business model that outlines the company’s customer value proposition and its profit formula. LO 6 Learn the three tests of a winning strategy. M PL E C H LO 1 SA Strategy means making clear-cut choices about how to compete. Jack Welch – Former CEO of General Electric If your firm’s strategy can be applied to any other firm, you don’t have a very good one. David J. Collis and Michael G. Rukstad – Consultants and professors One must have strategies to execute dreams. Azim Premji – CEO Wipro Technologies and one of the world’s richest people tho29503_ch01_001-017.indd 2 12/10/12 4:52 PM AP Many factors enter into a full explanation of a company’s performance, of course. Some come from the external environment; others are internal to the firm. But only one thing can account for the kind of long-lived success...
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