...Chapter 9 Product-Mix Strategies A product mix is the set of all products offered for sale by a company. A broad group of products, intended for essentially similar uses and having similar physical characteristics, constitutes a product line. Marketing executives can choose from a variety of positioning strategies. For example for some products the best position is directly against the competition. Another strategy is associating the company’s product with (or distancing it from) a product class or attribute. Also certain producers and retailers are known for their high-quality products and high prices. Product-mix expansion is accomplished by increasing the depth within a particular line and/or the number of lines a firm offers to customers. When a company adds a similar item to an existing product line with the same brand name, this is termed a line extension. There are many reasons for line extensions but the main one is that a firm wants to appeal to more market segments. Another way to expand the product mix, referred to as mix extension, is to add a new product line to the company’s present assortment. Under a mix-extension strategy, the new line may be related or unrelated to current products. Improving an established product, termed product alteration, can be more profitable and less risky than developing a completely new one. Another strategy, product mix contraction, is carried out either by eliminating an entire line or by simplifying the assortment within...
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...C. M E R L E C R A W F O R D STRATEGIES FOR NEW PRODUCT DEVELOPMENT Guidelines for a critical company problem C. Merle Crawford is a faculty m e m b e r at the University o f Michigan. In spite o f much evidence o f its success, many managers hesitate to establish a policy for new product development. Their indecision often arises f r o m two reasons: they fear that a defined strategy may discourage innovation and they are uncertain how to formulate a new product strategy. The author o f this article discredits the f o r m e r notion and, in reply to the latter, proposes the guidelines f o r developing such a statement. As new products are essential to the continued success o f most firms, the strategy must exist and must be operant i f the firm is to avoid wasted time, effort, and money as well as employee confusion and discouragement. For longer than most of us care to remember, Dan Gerber has been proclaiming that babies are his business, his only business. With some nostalgic regret I read recently that he has altered his strategy: he now permits limited diversification b e y o n d products for babies. A leading toiletries manufacturer has an equally tenacious, though unpublicized, commitment to only those new, nonfood, packaged goods that do not compete itemto-item with Procter and Gamble. Richard Rifenburgh, president of Mohawk Data Sciences, manufacturers of peripheral computer equipment, was cited recently in Fortune as a man who, at the present time, would...
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...CHAPTER 15 CUSTOMER SERVICE, PRODUCT AND DISTRIBUTION STRATEGIES To be successful in the long run , small firms must develop and maintain loyal customers, as it costs for more to replace than keep one. There are three basic beliefs that forms the foundation of customer loyalty: 1. Superior customer service creates customer satisfaction 2. customer’s satisfaction produces customer loyalty 3. Small firms possess great potential for providing superior customer service Failure to emphasis customer service jeopardizes the attainment of customer satisfaction and customer loyalty. I. Components of Customer Satisfaction According to Thomas Jones and W. Earl Sasser Jr., in an article entitled “why satisfied customers Defect, “ (Harvard Business Review, Vol. 73, No. 6, Nov.-Dec. 1995, p. 90), there are four major elements that lead to satisfaction: 1. The most basic benefits of the product or service – the elements that customers expect all competitors to deliver. 2. General support services, such as customer assistance. 3. A recovery process for counteracting bad experiences. 4. Extraordinary services that excel in meeting customers’ preferences and make the product or service seem customized. Extraordinary service is the ingredient that small firms are in a unique position to offer. The following are ways to develop extraordinary services: 1. Naming names: Nothing is more well received than individual personalized attention. Besides courteous and...
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...New-Product Development and Product Life-Cycle Strategies 1) What are the two ways that a company can obtain new products? A) line extension and brand management B) internal development and brand management C) new-product development and acquisition D) service development and product extension E) market mix modification and research and development Answer: C Diff: 2 Page Ref: 258 Skill: Concept Objective: 9-1 2) Product improvements, product modifications, and original products can all be classified as ________. A) pioneer products B) new products C) product concepts D) product ideas E) test products Answer: B Diff: 1 Page Ref: 258 Skill: Concept Objective: 9-1 3) Which of the following is NOT a potential reason for a new product to fail? A) an underestimated market size B) a poorly designed product C) an incorrectly positioned product D) higher than anticipated costs of product development E) ineffective advertising Answer: A Diff: 2 Page Ref: 258 Skill: Concept Objective: 9-1 4) Which of the following is NOT a challenge presented by the product life cycle that a firm must face? A) All products eventually decline. B) Changing tastes, technologies, and competition affect the marketing of the product as it passes through lifecycle stages. C) A firm must be good at developing new products to replace aging ones. D) A firm must be good at adapting its marketing strategies. E) It is difficult to plot the stages as a product goes...
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...Product Promotion or promotional strategies It is the duty of the manufacturers to know about & accept their products & price for this purpose, they have to communicate with, persuade, & motivate them. To achieve this, they use promotional strategies. Promotion is the means through which a company meets its prospective customers. Meaning of Promotion: Promotion is a part of an organization marketing mix that is used to inform & persuade the market regarding its products & services. Promotion Mix: It is a combination of personal selling, advertising, sales promotion, publicity & public relations that helps an organization to meet its marketing objectives. Communication Process in Marketing: Companies to be successful must communicate effectively. Effective communication is one which is received by the receiver in its original meaning as sent by the sender. In marketing, effective communication must be capable of making the consumers understand what the company is going to say. Following are the steps in communication process: 1. Identifying the Target Market: It is concerned in finding out to whom the message is being prepared. For each group of consumers or distributors a different message is required. Identifying the target, market helps a company to ascertain tastes, preferences etc of the consumers. 2. Determine the communication Objective: After analyzing target market & their characteristics, the next step is to find out what is desired from the communication...
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...2.1 Product Strategy 2.1.1 Products Classification Sony LCD TV classified as consumers product and shopping goods. The price of Sony LCD TV depends on the features and the series of the LCD TV. For example, Sony 46 inch EX520 Series Full HD LCD TV (RM3,999) , Sony 40 inch Full HD LCD TV BX400 Series (RM3,099) Sony 40 inch EX520 Series Full HD LCD TV (RM2,599) , Sony 40 inch BX420 Series Full HD LCD TV (RM1,699) , Sony 32 inch Full HD LCD TV - S Series - KLV-32S550A (RM2,099) . 2.1.2 Product & Service Decision 1. Products Attributes Referring to the product & service of Sony LCD TV the quality of the technology let us watch sports, video games, and high-speed action movies with virtually no motion blur. The Sony LCD TV keeps it up with fast-moving entertainment. Next, Sony gives it superior picture quality over standard HD TV. Sony LCD TV with on-screen reference points for key picture quality elements such as clear resolution, color, sharpness, and LED backlight levels. Full HD 1080p picture quality, 4 HD inputs, USB input, Clear Resolution Enhancer for crisp detail and contrast, optimized picture based on what you're watching, Digital Noise Reduction. Sony’s advanced noise reduction algorithm, this technology boosts image clarity with heightened contrast and depth that cannot be found on most television. Furthermore, Sony LCD TV gives the highest resolution available. From football games to TV shows, everything will look its best on this BX Series HDTV. And with...
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...Running head: Marketing Strategy for Products Discuss the type of product the company will offer and identify its primary characteristics. The type of product the company will offer is a game system called the Genius 3D. Some of the primary characteristics of this gaming system are portability, 3D graphics and twelve month warranty. The Genius 3D game system has the ability to be played anywhere at any time. Genius 3D is the size of the Blackberry Playbook tablet, which is seven inches. It has a screen, keyboard, and up to four USB controllers that are the size of an iPod. The controllers can be wireless, and then there are some with cords, so it just depends on the user’s choice. The controllers of the Genius 3D is fully touch screen, so there is no major risk of buttons popping of the controller. Instead of constantly rolling up the controller when the user is done playing, the controller has a button that retracts the cord itself, so there is a less chance of shortage within the cord. Genius 3D comes with a carrying case that can hold the game system itself along with the controllers. Genius 3D has 3D glasses that does not require the user to have 3D glasses. The 3D graphics has high definition. The graphics makes the game seem as if it can reach out and touch you. First-person shooter games are great to play on the Genius 3D because it brings the graphics out even more to the user, and it makes them feel like they are actually in the game. Genius 3D has the...
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...Assignment #4: Product and Pricing Strategy Maria Vetter Marketing Management – MKT 500 Dr. Stephen R. Hiatt March 6, 2010 Product and Pricing Strategy Components of the Product Strategy: Branding Important components of product strategy begin in the branding stage. Here, one should consider the following questions; why do consumers value brands? What is the cause for an organization or consumer to purchase a particular product over another product? Moreover, why are consumers willing to spend more for a particular product over another based on a brand name? The answers are simple. Consumers and organizations buy brand name products based on expectations of quality, reduced risk, and the prestige of owning the brand named product. (Winer, 2007) However, the term brand is a complex concept that is mainly due to the multidimensional components of a brand name. Additionally, the number of different branding concepts adds to the complexity of brand aspects. However, for such a complex idea, the concept branding can be minimized to a mere five categories of brands. First, is corporate brands; such as, JP Morgan. Here, the company name is simultaneously brands with meaning to consumers. Secondly, there are corporate parent brands; “These are brand names where the corporate brand is carried with...
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...Product Strategy of the U. S. Postal Service Dwaynell Lowe Strayer University Operations Management Dr. Phyllis Parise November 15, 2015 Product Life Cycle Product life cycle refers to the stages that a product. Changes in demand for the product is the factor that delineates the changes from one cycle to another (Daft & Sanders, 2012). The typical product life cycle has four identifiable stages; * Introductory Stage-characterized by the launching of a new product. * Growth Stage-highlighted by strong growth and profits. * Maturity Stage-the product is well established and the organization seeks to maintain market share. * Decline Stage-the market for the product shrinks. The United State Postal Service (USPS) is service organization as opposed to being a manufacturing entity. As such it does not produce a tangible product. While it uses products such as postage stamps, boxes, and envelopes in the course of providing the service, postal delivery is its product. Therefore, to consider its product life cycle one must consider the life cycle of the organization itself. The organization current finds itself in a state of decline. One factor that contributes to a product going into decline is shrinkage due to market saturation or “because the consumers are switching to a different type of product” (http://productlifecyclestages.com/). Both factors have had a marked impact on the decline. The rise of the internet and its ability...
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...STARBUCKS – EARLY 2005 AHMAD RIDZUAN BIN AB WAHAB – KLCP 121012 MUHAMAD SYUKUR SABARI- KLCP 121010 Starbucks-Early 2005. Question: 1: What is Starbuck’s product? Starbuck main speciality are blend and single origin coffee, handcrafted espresso and blended beverages, Tazo teas, frappuccino coffee drinks and Starbuck double shot. Apart from that, they also offer fresh bake pastries, super premium ice-cream, chocolate, sandwiches and salad. They also offer to their customer Starbucks Barista home espresso machine, coffee brewers and grinders. Coffee mugs, accessories, compact disc and also assorted gift also available to their customers. 2. What changes in society have helped Starbuck be successful? i-Trend and pattern coffee consumptions within society. Increasing trend of young generation aged between 25-29 years old to consume lot of coffee drinks outside from home. The biggest proportion is consumer who drinks coffee at workplace. There also a trend people who consume coffee outside from office hours and usually they hang out at Starbucks outlet for personal time out or relax with friends. There was a tendency that the consumer now shifted their drinks preference which is previously beer to coffee. Instead spending their leisure time at bar, now change at Starbucks outlet. ii-Economic stability, social life style and pay rise. Increase in coffee consumption among working customers would suggest good economic condition and better pay considering Starbucks...
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...marketing management decisions can be classified in one of the following four categories: * Product * Price * Place (distribution) * Promotion These variables are known as the marketing mix or the 4 P's of marketing. They are the variables that marketing managers can control in order to best satisfy customers in the target market. The marketing mix is portrayed in the following diagram: The Marketing Mix Product | | | Place | | | | | | | | | Target Market | | | | | | | | | | Price | | | Promotion | | The firm attempts to generate a positive response in the target market by blending these four marketing mix variables in an optimal manner. Product:- The product is the physical product or service offered to the consumer. In the case of physical products, it also refers to any services or conveniences that are part of the offering. Product decisions include aspects such as function, appearance, packaging, service, warranty, etc. Price:- Pricing decisions should take into account profit margins and the probable pricing response of competitors. Pricing includes not only the list price, but also discounts, financing, and other options such as leasing. Place:- Place (or placement) decisions are those associated with channels of distribution that serve as the means for getting the product to the target customers. The distribution system performs transactional, logistical, and facilitating...
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...Loyalty Holistic Marketing • Inform • Engage • Energize Copyright © 2012 Pearson Education, Inc. Publishing as Prentice Hall Slide 4 of 34 Traditional Organization vs. Customer-Oriented Organization Copyright © 2012 Pearson Education, Inc. Publishing as Prentice Hall Slide 5 of 34 Customer Perceived Value Customerperceived Value Economic Evaluating Functional Obtaining Using Psychological Total Customer Benefit Copyright © 2012 Pearson Education, Inc. Publishing as Prentice Hall Disposing Total Customer Cost Slide 6 of 34 Customerperceived value Total customer benefit Total customer cost Monetary cost Time cost Energy cost Psychological cost Slide 7 of 34 Determinants of Customer Perceived Value Product benefit Services benefit Personal benefit Image benefit Copyright © 2012 Pearson Education, Inc. Publishing as Prentice Hall Value Concepts - Caterpillar Profit Price Customer Value -0$1,000 2,000 3,000 4,000 5,000 6,000 $6,000 $20,000 5,000 4,000 3,000 19,000 18,000 17,000 16,000 15,000 14,000 Worth to farmer: $20,000 2,000 1,000 -0- Cost to produce: $14,000 Copyright © 2012 Pearson Education, Inc. Publishing as Prentice Hall Slide 8 of 34 Choice Processes and Implications Friends with salesperson Lowest purchase...
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...Discuss how the marketing mix strategies are likely to change over burritos’ product lifecycle. Marketing mix strategies are likely to change over burritos’ life cycle as they influence the product’s succession. With reference to Cantinas frozen burritos’, marketing mix strategies help evolve the product’s lifecycle towards the target market. The four marketing mix strategies include product, place, prime and promotion used in each stage of the product lifecycle (Armstrong et al. 2010). A new product progresses through stages from the introduction, growth, maturity, and decline in a sequence known as the product life cycle that is likely to change over the burritos’ time (QuickMBA 2009). As the burritos’ product hits the market as a new product development, it enters the introduction stage of the product lifecycle. Marketing mix strategies at this stage is extensively attracted to the promotion, as the frozen burritos’ is a new and unique product in the Australian marketplace. Profits are heavily spent on the promotion, which means high competitive prices of the product are through advertisement. Promotion at this stage targeted towards a small market segment, which is catered towards 15 – 30 year olds looking for alternative foods. (Armstrong et al. 2010). Extensive marketing testing was placed to build product awareness and to educate potential consumers about the product being introduced. This ultimately ensured its place in the lifecycle process with its slow growth...
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...The type of product the company will offer is a game system called the Genius 3D. Some of the primary characteristics of this gaming system are portability, 3D graphics and twelve month warranty. The Genius 3D game system has the ability to be played anywhere at any time. Genius 3D is the size of the Blackberry Playbook tablet, which is seven inches. It has a screen, keyboard, and up to four USB controllers that are the size of an iPod. The controllers can be wireless, and then there are some with cords, so it just depends on the user’s choice. The controllers of the Genius 3D is fully touch screen, so there is no major risk of buttons popping of the controller. Instead of constantly rolling up the controller when the user is done playing, the controller has a button that retracts the cord itself, so there is a less chance of shortage within the cord. Genius 3D comes with a carrying case that can hold the game system itself along with the controllers. Genius 3D has 3D glasses that does not require the user to have 3D glasses. The 3D graphics has high definition. The graphics makes the game seem as if it can reach out and touch you. First-person shooter games are great to play on the Genius 3D because it brings the graphics out even more to the user, and it makes them feel like they are actually in the game. Genius 3D has the ability to also multitask. While the user is playing their game, they can also talk with their friends through the built-in microphone, or they...
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...Product Strategy – Coca Cola or Coke from the Coca Cola Company Coca Cola Company is the world’s largest beverages company and the No. 1 provider of sparkling beverages, ready-to-drink in the world. It is an American multinational beverage corporation and manufacturer, retailer and marketer of nonalcoholic beverages which is headquartered in Atlanta, Georgia. The company is best known for its flagship product Coca-Cola which invented in 1886 by pharmacist John Stith Pemberton. The famous product of the company is Coca-Cola or often referred to simply as Coke. The name refers to two of its original ingredients which are kola nuts, a source of caffeine and coca leaves. Coca-Cola or Coke is the most popular and biggest selling carbonated soft drink, as well as the best known brand in the world. According to Edinburgh Evening News (2010), Coca-Cola has become the first brand to top 1 billion in annual UK grocery sales. It was a big amount and proved that Coca-Cola has dominates the market of soft-carbonated drinks. The Coca-Cola Company sells beverages product in more than 200 countries as referred to the company 2005 Annual Report. From the report, it was also stated that out of more than 50 billion beverage servings of all types consumed worldwide everyday drinks containing trademark by Coca Cola and as result from that, Coca-Cola accounted more than half of the company’s total sales. In addition, as according to Jim Fink in his article (Investing Daily, 2012), Coke is one of the...
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