...task. You are writing its definition. A function is a special type of module and most commonly referred to library functions which a made for different programming languages. 2. The three characteristics of a function in a IPO chart are: function header, function body, return statement. 3. The real number’s fractional part in a conversion function that is used to convert a real number to an integer usually shows up as a type mismatch error. A integer variable cannot hold fractional values. It’s better to convert the result of the math expression to an integer and then assign that integer to the variable. 4. A substring is a string within a string. The substring function typically accepts three arguments: (1) a string that you want to extract a substring from (2) the beginning position of the substring, and (3) the ending position of the substring. 5. The stringToInteger function accepts a string as an argument, converts it to an Integer, and returns the Integer value. The stringToReal function works the same way, but it converts a string to a Real, and usually then gets stored in the realNumber variable. 6. IsInteger function determines whether a string can be converted to a Integer and the isReal function determines whether a string can be converted to a Real. They use If Then Else statements. Programming Exercises 1....
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...Sun Educational Services Java Programming Language SL-275 Sun Educational Services Java Programming Language September 1999 Copyright 1999 Sun Microsystems, Inc., 901 San Antonio Road, Palo Alto, California 94303, U.S.A. All rights reserved. This product or document is protected by copyright and distributed under licenses restricting its use, copying, distribution, and decompilation. No part of this product or document may be reproduced in any form by any means without prior written authorization of Sun and its licensors, if any. Third-party software, including font technology, is copyrighted and licensed from Sun suppliers. Parts of the product may be derived from Berkeley BSD systems, licensed from the University of California. UNIX is a registered trademark in the U.S. and other countries, exclusively licensed through X/Open Company, Ltd. Sun, Sun Microsystems, the Sun Logo, Solstice, Java, JavaBeans, JDK, and Solaris are trademarks or registered trademarks of Sun Microsystems, Inc. in the U.S. and other countries. All SPARC trademarks are used under license and are trademarks or registered trademarks of SPARC International, Inc. in the U.S. and other countries. Products bearing SPARC trademarks are based upon an architecture developed by Sun Microsystems, Inc. The OPEN LOOK and Sun Graphical User Interface was developed by Sun Microsystems, Inc. for its users and licensees. Sun acknowledges the pioneering efforts of Xerox in researching and developing the...
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...or CMP 401 ASSIGNMENT | ORGANIZATION OF PROGRAMMING LANGUAGES | | ANZOTSA JOHN ALAKU | BHU/12/04/05/0042 COMPUTER SCIENCE 400 LEVEL | | | ABRSTRACT My objective for these research was to find out about different programming languages and paradigm in which they belong, the most important use in this research are text and journal by other researchers. After all studies where carried out, I came to a conclusion that one programing language can belong to more than one paradigm C++ C++ is a statically typed, free-form, multi-paradigm, compiled, general-purpose programming language. Some people say that C++ is a middle language because it has the features of high level and low-level language. As one of the most popular programming languages in the world, C++ is widely used in the software industry. C++ is also used for hardware design to analyze structure. Some of its application domains include systems software, application software, device drivers, embedded software, high-performance server and client applications, and entertainment software such as video games. AspectJ AspectJ is a general-purpose Aspect-Oriented extension to java programming language. It was created at Palo Alto Research Center Incorporated (PARC), now it is an open source project and part of the Eclipse Foundation. AspectJ has everything that Java has and more which...
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...ro1970’s Pascal is an influential imperative and procedural programming language, designed in 1968–1969 and published in 1970 by Niklaus Wirth as a small and efficient language intended to encourage good programming practices using structured programming and data structuring. A derivative known as Object Pascal designed for object-oriented programming was developed in 1985. ------------------------------- C is a general-purpose programming language initially developed by Dennis Ritchie between 1969 and 1973 at AT&T Bell Labs. Like most imperative languages in the ALGOL tradition, C has facilities for structured programming and allows lexical variable scope and recursion, while a static type system prevents many unintended operations. Its design provides constructs that map efficiently to typical machine instructions, and therefore it has found lasting use in applications that had formerly been coded in assembly language, most notably system software like the Unix computer operating system. ----------------------------------- Prolog is a general purpose logic programming language associated with artificial intelligence and computational linguistics. Prolog has its roots in first-order logic, a formal logic, and unlike many other programming languages, Prolog is declarative: the program logic is expressed in terms of relations, represented as facts and rules. A computation is initiated by running a query over these relations. The language was first conceived by a...
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...About The Tutorial C is a general-purpose, procedural, imperative computer programming language developed in 1972 by Dennis M. Ritchie at the Bell Telephone Laboratories to develop the UNIX operating system. C is the most widely used computer language. It keeps fluctuating at number one scale of popularity along with Java programming language, which is also equally popular and most widely used among modern software programmers. Audience This tutorial is designed for software programmers with a need to understand the C programming language starting from scratch. This tutorial will give you enough understanding on C programming language from where you can take yourself to higher level of expertise. Prerequisites Before proceeding with this tutorial, you should have a basic understanding of Computer Programming terminologies. A basic understanding of any of the programming languages will help you in understanding the C programming concepts and move fast on the learning track. Copyright & Disclaimer Copyright 2014 by Tutorials Point (I) Pvt. Ltd. All the content and graphics published in this e-book are the property of Tutorials Point (I) Pvt. Ltd. The user of this e-book is prohibited to reuse, retain, copy, distribute or republish any contents or a part of contents of this e-book in any manner without written consent of the publisher. We strive to update the contents of our website and tutorials as timely and as precisely as possible, however, the...
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...assignment COBOL, is a compiled English-like computer programming language designed for business use. It is imperative, procedural and, since 2002, object-oriented. COBOL is primarily used in business, finance, and administrative systems for companies and governments. In 1997, Gartner Group estimated that there were a total of 200 billion lines of COBOL in existence, which ran 80% of all business programs. COBOL is still widely used in legacy applications deployed on mainframe computers, such as large-scale batch and transaction processing jobs. But due to its declining popularity and the retirement of experienced COBOL programmers, programs are being migrated to new platforms, rewritten in modern languages or replaced with software packages. Most programming in COBOL is now purely to maintain existing applications. COBOL was designed in 1959 by the Conference on Data Systems Languages (CODASYL) and was largely based on previous programming language design work by Grace Hopper, commonly referred to as "the (grand)mother of COBOL". It was created as part of a US Department of Defense effort to create a portable programming language for data processing. Intended as a temporary stopgap, the Department of Defense promptly forced computer manufacturers to provide it, resulting in its widespread adoption. It was standardized in 1968 and has since been revised four times. Expansions include support for structured and object-oriented programming. The current standard is ISO/IEC 1989:2014. COBOL...
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...Computer Programming Programming a computer is almost as easy as using one and does not require you to be a math genius. People who are good at solving story problems make good programmers, and others say that artistic or musical talent is a sign of potential programmer. Various computer languages are described, and tips on choosing the right language and learning how to use it are provided. Learning how to program is actually easier than many people think. Learning to program takes about the same time as two semesters of a college course. The process of learning to program is uniquely reinforcing, because students receive immediate feedback on their screens. The programming languages Basic, Pascal, C, and Database are discussed; tips on learning the languages are offered; and a list of publishers' addresses is provided. One way of programming is rapid application development (RAD) has tremendous powers, but it is not without its limits. The two basic advantages RAD tools promise over traditional programming are shorter, more flexible development cycle and the fact that applications can be developed by a reasonably sophisticated end user. The main disadvantage is that RAD tools often require code to be written, which will result in most developers probably having to learn to program using the underlying programming language, except in the case of the simplest applications. The time gained from using a RAD tool can be immense, however:...
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...retrieve data stored in IBM's original quasi-relational database management system, System R, which a group at IBM San Jose Research Laboratory had developed during the 1970s. The acronym SEQUEL was later changed to SQL because "SEQUEL" was a trademark of the UK-based Hawker Siddeley aircraft company. PASCAL- 1 Jan 1970 Pascal is an influential imperative and procedural programming language, designed in 1968/9 and published in 1970 by Niklaus Wirth as a small and efficient language intended to encourage good programming practices using structured programming and data structuring. C- is a general-purpose computer programming language developed in 1972 by Dennis Ritchie at the Bell Telephone Laboratories for use with the Unix operating system. Although C was designed for implementing system software, it is also widely used for developing portable application software. C is one of the most popular programming languages of all time[5][6] and there are very few computer architectures for which a C compiler does not exist. C has greatly influence FORTH- Forth evolved from Charles H. Moore's personal programming system, which had been in continuous development since 1958. Forth was first exposed to other programmers in the early 1970s, starting with Elizabeth Rather at the US National Radio Astronomy Observatory. After their work at NRAO, Charles Moore and Elizabeth Rather formed FORTH, Inc. in 1973, refining and porting Forth systems to dozens of other platforms in the next decade ...
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...semantic analysis TO ENHANCE ARABIC DOCUMENTS CLUSTERING. • Education Summary • 2012 – 2016: Faculty of Computer and Information Science BSc, Benisuef University [Very good]. • Programming • • • • • • • • Courses and Skills • • • • • • • Visual C#.Net Java Java Script, HTML C,C++ OOA,OOD,OOP and UML Java SE Android programming Android fundamentals certification operated by Google &MCIT(Ministry of Communications and Information Technology) Computer Science Fundamentals. Programming Basics using C#. Object Oriented Programming using C#. Programming using J2SE Level 1 Information System Analysis and design. Projects: • • • • • • • • Alive System Summary: A system for managing ambulances in Egypt using GPS and special algorithms for connection between ambulance and hospitals. Tool: Worklight,Android-sqlite databases-Cloud Computing Type: 3 systems ,2 mobile apps and desktop one Place: ITI Egypt Team : 5 persons My role : analyst and Programmer Expert System for GPA credit hour system • Summary: try to managing ambulances using GPS and special algorithms for connection between ambulance and hospitals. • Tool: C# and Sql server database • Type: Desktop application • • • • Tools • Programming Tools: • • • • • • Arabic: Native language English: Excellent Personal Information: • • • Windows 8,7 , Microsoft Office 2013,2007 and other document authoring tools ...
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...++Starting Out with Programming Logic and Design, 3rd Edition By Tony Gaddis C++ Language Companion or Copyright © 2013 Pearson Education, Inc. Table of Contents Chapter 1 Chapter 2 Chapter 3 Chapter 4 Chapter 5 Chapter 6 Chapter 7 Chapter 8 Chapter 9 Chapter 10 Chapter 11 Chapter 12 Chapter 13 Chapter 14 Introduction 3 Introduction to Computers and Programming 4 Input, Processing, and Output 9 Functions 19 Decision Structures and Boolean Logic 27 Repetition Structures 41 Value-Returning Functions 49 Input Validation 59 Arrays 61 Sorting and Searching Arrays 72 Files 77 Menu-Driven Programs 86 Text Processing 89 Recursion 95 Object-Oriented Programming 97 Page 2 Introduction Welcome to the C++ Language Companion for Starting Out with Programming Logic and Design, 3rd Edition, by Tony Gaddis. You can use this guide as a reference for the C++ Programming Language as you work through the textbook. Each chapter in this guide corresponds to the same numbered chapter in the textbook. As you work through a chapter in the textbook, you can refer to the corresponding chapter in this guide to see how the chapter's topics are implemented in the C++ programming language. In this book you will also find C++ versions of many of the pseudocode programs that are presented in the textbook. Note: This booklet does not have a chapter corresponding to Chapter 15 of your textbook because C++ does not provide a GUI programming library. Page 3 Chapter 1 This chapter accompanies...
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...execute unsigned code on Sony's PlayStation Portable. A light-programmable biofilm displaying the Hello World message CNC machining test in Perspex A "Hello world" program is a computer program that outputs "Hello, world" on a display device. Because it is typically one of the simplest programs possible in most programming languages, it is by tradition often used to illustrate to beginners the most basic syntax of a programming language, or to verify that a language or system is operating correctly. In a device that does not display text, a simple program to produce a signal, such as turning on an LED, is often substituted for "Hello world" as the introductory program. Contents [hide] 1 Purpose 2 History 3 Variations 4 See also 5 References 6 External links [edit]Purpose A "Hello World" program has become the traditional first program that many people learn. In general, it is simple enough so that people who have no experience with computer programming can easily understand it, especially with the guidance of a teacher or a written guide. Using this simple program as a basis, computer science principles or elements of a specific programming language can be explained to novice programmers. Experienced programmers learning new languages can also gain a lot of information about a given language's syntax and structure from a hello world program. In addition, hello world can be a useful sanity test to make sure that a language's compiler, development environment...
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...Programming Languages Throughout the decades 1970’s C – It was developed by Dennis Ritchie between 1969 and 1973 at AT&T Bell labs. The development of this language is closely tied to the development of Unix, which was originally implemented by Ritchie and Ken Thompson in assembly language on PDP-7. They decided to port the operating system to a PDP-11. They considered rewriting the operating system using B language. However, B’s inability to take advantage of some of the PDP-11’s features led to the development of C. Pascal – Published in 1970 and designed by Niklaus Wirth, it was intended as a tool to teach structured programming. Smalltalk – Smalltalk was the product of research led by Alan Kay and implemented by Dan Ingalls. Ingalls created the first version in a few mornings when he was bet that a programming language based on message passing inspired by Simula could be implemented in a page of code. Prolog – A general purpose logic programming language designed by Alain Colmerauer and published in 1972. SQL – A special purpose programming language designed for managing data held in a relational database management system. It was designed by Donald D. Chamberlin and Raymond F. Boyce in 1974. One of the first and most widely used commercial languages for Edgar F. Codd’s relational model. 1980’s C++ - An intermediate general purpose language, designed by Bjarne Stroustrup in 1983. It was Stroustup’s idea to enhance C language with Simula-like features...
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... |T |P |C | |NO | | | | | | | |THEORY | |1 |MC9231 |Computer Networks |3 |0 |0 |3 | |2 |MC9232 |Microprocessors and its |3 |0 |0 |3 | | | |Applications | | | | | |3 |MC9233 |Software Engineering |3 |0 |0 |3 | |4 |MC9234 |Computer Graphics |3 |0 |0 |3 | |5 |MC9235 |Web Programming |3 |0 |0 |3 | |PRACTICAL | |6 |MC9237 |Graphics Lab |0 |0 |3 |2 | |7 |MC9238 |Microprocessor Lab |0 |0 |3 |2 | |8 |MC9239 |Web Programming Lab |0 ...
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...8.0 PROGRAMMING 8.1.1 Definition Program : Programming Language: 8.1 Introduction to Programming Prepared by : Pn. Marzita Ismail (SC Unit) a series of instructions that directs a computer to perform tasks. A set of words, abbreviations, and symbol that enables a programmer to communicate instructions to a computer Eg: Java, C++, Fortran, Cobol, C 8.1.2 Types of Programming Language: 1) Low Level Programming Language • • Why Low Level? : Because it is designed closer to the hardware Machine Language (1st Generation) Assembly Language (2nd Generation) Made up of instructions written in binary code (0 and 1). • Written in mnemonics, more English-like code; codes shorter than The only language that is directly understood by the machine languages computer. Does not need any translator program. • Need to be translated by assembler into machine language before it can be executed by the computer. Machine dependent (written for particular • Machine dependent (written for particular computer and has computer and has to be changed for using on a Describe/what is/ explain/characteristic • different computer). Example of coding to be changed for using on a different computer). Advantages • • Execution speed is very fast. (It does not require any translation because machine language is directly understood by CPU) Translation free (Computer understands only the machine language) Program written in machine language are very lengthy Machine dependent (program...
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...C++ PROGRAMMING: FROM PROBLEM ANALYSIS TO PROGRAM DESIGN FIFTH EDITION D.S. MALIK Australia Brazil Japan Korea Mexico Singapore Spain United Kingdom United States C++ Programming: From Problem Analysis to Program Design, Fifth Edition D.S. Malik Executive Editor: Marie Lee Acquisitions Editor: Amy Jollymore Senior Product Manager: Alyssa Pratt Editorial Assistant: Zina Kresin Content Project Manager: Matthew Hutchinson Art Director: Faith Brosnan Print Buyer: Julio Esperas Cover Designer: Roycroft Design/ www.roycroftdesign.com Cover Photo: ª Guntmar Fritz/Masterfile Proofreader: Green Pen QA Indexer: Elizabeth Cunningham Compositor: Integra ª 2011 Course Technology, Cengage Learning ALL RIGHTS RESERVED. No part of this work covered by the copyright herein may be reproduced, transmitted, stored or used in any form or by any means graphic, electronic, or mechanical, including but not limited to photocopying, recording, scanning, digitizing, taping, Web distribution, information networks, or information storage and retrieval systems, except as permitted under Section 107 or 108 of the 1976 United States Copyright Act, without the prior written permission of the publisher. For product information and technology assistance, contact us at Cengage Learning Customer & Sales Support, 1-800-354-9706 For permission to use material from this text or product, submit all requests online at www.cengage.com/permissions Further permissions questions can be...
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