...Lab Assignment Part A – Analysis of Literature Data 1. Proof Stress vs Cold Work 600 500 Proof stress (MPa) 400 15µm 300 200 100 0 0 10 20 30 40 50 60 70 Cold work (%) 70µm Sample 5 - 15µm Sample 5 - 70µm Figure 1 – Proof Stress vs Cold Work of 70/30 Brass As can be seen from Figure 1, the 0% cold worked points (Sample 5) for each grain size is in line with the curve of the other four points. The amount of proof stress increases with increased cold work, but approaches an asymptote at a point of maximum increase in proof stress. Cold working uses processes such as drawings to deform the grains in a material, thereby increasing the proof stress of the material. 2. (i) Grain size strengthening is a process that reduces the sizes of the grains in a material, typically by annealing. This works to increase the strength of the material through the fact that grain boundaries act as a barrier to dislocations. As can be seen in Figure 1, decrease in grain size causes an increase in proof stress. Cold working involves plastically deforming a material such that dislocations become concentrated. These dislocations then become entangled, hindering further dislocation movement, thereby increasing the strength of the material. As can be seen in Figure 1, proof stress can be increased dramatically by cold work hardening, but only to a point. (ii) Grain size strengthening and cold work hardening can be used together to form a much stronger material. Grain size strengthening reduces...
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... MULTIPLE CHOICE If the measures of two sides of a triangle are 5 yards and 9 yards, what is the least possible measure of the third side if the measure is an integer? A 4 yd B 5 yd C 6 yd D 14 yd SOLUTION: Let x represents the length of the third side. Next, set up and solve each of the three triangle inequalities. 5 + 9 > x, 5 + x > 9, and 9 + x > 5 That is, 14 > x, x > 4, and x > –4. Notice that x > –4 is always true for any whole number measure for x. Combining the two remaining inequalities, the range of values that fit both inequalities is x > 4 and x < 14, which can be written as 4 < x < 14. So, the least possible measure of the third side could be 5 yd. The correct option is B. ANSWER: B PROOF Write a two-column proof. 5. Given: Prove: ANSWER: Yes; 6 + 14 > 10, 6 + 10 > 14, and 10 + 14 > 6 4. MULTIPLE CHOICE If the measures of two sides of a triangle are 5 yards and 9 yards, what is the least possible measure of the third side if the measure...
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...personal work, expect where the work(s) or publications of others have been acknowledged by means of reference techniques. I have read and understood Tutorial Letter CMNALLE regarding technical and presentation requirements, referencing techniques and plagiarism. Your signature: KSingh Your name: Kajaal Singh Your student number: 4624-033-0 Date: 27 August 2014 Witness: Anita Singh Contents Page # DECLARATION 1 MAIN ISSUE 3 2 RESEARCH CRITERIA 3 3.1 Relevance 3 3.2 Researchability 3 3.3 Feasibility 3 3.4 Ethics 3 3 EXTENT OF RESEARCH 3 4 POPULATION 3 5.5 Target population 3 5.6 Accessible population 4 5.7 Population characteristics 4 5.8 Unit of analysis 4 5 ASSUMPTIONS 4 6 GOAL AND OBJECTIVES 4 7 RESEARCH QUESTIONS 5 8 THEORETICAL APPROACH 5 9 RESEARCH DESIGN 6 9.1 Method of reasoning 9.2 Objectives 9.3 Collection/analysis of data 9.4 Flexibility 10 DATA COLLECTION METHODS AND TECHNIQUES 6 10.1 Research Method 10.2 Levels of measurement 10.3 Sampling method 10.4 Contextualisation of the sample 10.5 Collection of data 11 DATA ANALYSIS 7 11.1 Qualitative...
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...framework. As for the shadowing variable, log-normal is shown to be a good match for the distribution of ΥSH (q). Then, we have the following zero-mean Gaussian pdf 2 1 for the distribution of ν(q): fν (x) = √2πα e−x /2α , where α is the variance of the shadowing variations around path loss. Characterizing the spatial correlation of ω(q) and ν(q) is also considerably important for our model-based channel prediction framework. However, we do not attempt to predict the multipath component, ω(q), due to the fact that it typically decorrelates fast and that the form of its correlation function can change considerably, depending on the angle of arrival and position of the scatterers. Therefore, in our proposed framework we only predict the path loss and shadowing components of the channel. The impact of multipath will then appear in the characterization of the prediction error variance, as we shall see. As for the spatial correlation of shadowing, [18] characterizes an exponentially-decaying spatial correlation function, which is widely used: E ν(q1 )ν(q2 ) = α e− q1 −q2 /β , for q1 , q2 ∈ K where α denotes the shadowing power and the correlation distance, β, controls the spatial correlation of the channel [18]. For some examples of a time-varying environment, Oestges et al. model the slow temporal-variation of the channel as a zero-mean Gaussian variable with an exponential temporal correlation in the dB domain [27]. Thus, Eq. 1 can be extended to such time-varying cases by adding...
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...Devry Phil 447 Final Exam IF You Want To Purchase A+ Work then Click The Link Below For Instant Down Load http://www.hwspeed.com/Devry-Phil-447-Final-Exam-0404044480.htm?categoryId=-1 IF You Face Any Problem Then E Mail Us At JOHNMATE1122@GMAIL.COM Question Page 1 Question 1.1. (TCO 1) "Thinking about thinking" is the definition of what? (Points : 4) Development of arguments Measure of good sense Development of critical skills Writing for clarity Critical thinking Question 2.2. (TCO 1, 2, 4) What is the principle concern when handling an issue? (Points : 4) Whether a given claim is true or not Whether the claim at issue attaches to the conclusion or not Whether the claim at issue is clearly understood Whether the claim is not ambiguous Whether the claim at issue is open for discussion and resolution Question 3.3. (TCO 1, 2, 3) What are the two conditions needed for a premise to offer support for a conclusion? (Points : 4) It is ethical and justifies an action It provides knowledge and defines terms It provides reasons and analyzes data It specifies what caused something and how it works It is true and relevant to the conclusion Question 4.4. (TCOs 2, 3) For inductive arguments, how do we measure their quality as stronger or weaker? (Points : 4) Based on how much support their premises provide for the conclusion Based on requiring little translation into syllogistic form Based on their appearing in a standard form Based on the clear...
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...The notion of non-discrimination and equal opportunity have for decades been a piece of the international community's key principles. Enshrined in several international instruments, including conventions of the United Nations and the International Labor Organization, these ideas are rooted in universal principles of human rights, fundamental freedoms, equality and fairness. In today's rising markets, companies that seek to be leaders and set examples of corporate social responsibility while structuring a productive and diverse workforce must address issues of discrimination in the workplace. Businesses that make it in doing so act decisively to eliminate discriminatory practices and create the conditions for diversity and equality of opportunity and treatment in employment, often going past what is required of them by national law. Background Title VII of the Civil Rights Act of 1964, the Uniform Guidelines on Employee Selection Procedures, the Americans with Disabilities Act, and The Uniformed Services Employment and Reemployment Rights Act are all laws that have an effect on the growth, administration, and use of employment tests and practices. These laws and their repercussions to employment testing and practices are reviewed below. The Fourteenth Amendment of the United States Constitution The Fourteenth Amendment of the U.S. Constitution requires that all states must guarantee equal protection for its citizens. Thus, the laws of any state must be such that all individuals...
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...2013 A. Excel is used generate a random number using the RANDBETWEEN(1,4) method. Please see part A below. 1. To generate this sample from the whole population of job applicants, using Excel and the method RANDBETWEEN(1,4) the number 2 was generated. The RANDBETWEEN(1,4) method uses an algorithm to generate a random number. This method generates a large number using a seed that is based on the time noted in the computer time. This number is then reduced to the specified 1, 2, 3, or 4 using the mod 3 + 1. Using the random list that was provided, I was able to use systematic sampling to select every second data value and generated a sample. To do this, I started with the second number, in the random list provided, and then picked every second number to generate a sample that was 50 numbers large (shown above). B. 1,2,3 Using excel and the methods STDEV(), AVERAGE(), MODE(), and MEDIAN() so that the standard deviation, mean/average, mode and median are calculated. Examples of these are shown below for unsuccessful applicants the process is the same for successful applicant using the other data set. To find the mean using the AVERAGE method, Excel finds the sum of all the numbers selected and divides them by the number of data points, in this case 50. Example Mean: n=1n=50Xn=2184 Where Xn=Unsuccessful applicant Mean=218450=43.68 For the MODE() method, Excel looks over all the data that is selected and finds the value that occurs the most often. In the case...
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...9 4) The Kurtosis 9 5) Formula of Kurtosis and Skewness over their Standard error 10 6) Central Limit Theorem 10 7) T Test Hypothesis testing for one sample mean 11 a) State the Null and Alternative Hypothesis 11 b) Hypothesis of the Testing 11 c )Choosing the Level of Significance 12 d) Calculate the test statistic for One Sample Mean 13 8) Independent Samples t-Test 13 a) Stating the Null and Alternative Hypothesis 14 b) Assumptions of the Testing 14 c) Choosing the Level of Significance 15 d) Calculate the test statistic for independent samples 15 e) Interpreting the Results 16 9) Risks in Decision Making Using Hypothesis Testing 17 10) The β Risk 17 III- Body II: Application 1: One Sample Testing 18 1) The Research Topic 18 2) Decriptives for the Students Sample 18 a) Range, Mean, Standard Deviation 18 b) Variance, Skewness, Kurtosis 19 c) Histogram of the Student Sample 19 3) Hypothesis of the independent sample t test 20 4) T test for the sample mean 20 a) State the Null and Alternative Hypothesis 20 b) Selection of the significant level 21 c) SPSS Output 22 d) Conclusion of the T Test 23 e) Limitation of the research 23 IV- Body III: Application 2: Independent Sample T Test 25 1) The Research Topic 25 2) Descriptives for the samples 25 a) Range, Mean, Standard Deviation for the sample...
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...JOURNAL OF APPLIED ECONOMETRICS J. Appl. Econ. 23: 925– 948 (2008) Published online 7 November 2008 in Wiley InterScience (www.interscience.wiley.com) DOI: 10.1002/jae.1036 ECONOMETRICS OF AUCTIONS BY LEAST SQUARES LEONARDO REZENDE* PUC-Rio, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil; and University of Illinois at Urbana–Champaign, Illinois, USA SUMMARY I investigate using the method of ordinary least squares (OLS) on auction data. I find that for parameterizations of the valuation distribution that are common in empirical practice, an adaptation of OLS provides unbiased estimators of structural parameters. Under symmetric independent private values, adapted OLS is a specialization of the method of moments strategy of Laffont, Ossard and Vuong (1995). In contrast to their estimator, here simulation is not required, leading to a computationally simpler procedure. The paper also discusses using estimation results for inference on the shape of the valuation distribution, and applicability outside the symmetric independent private values framework. Copyright 2008 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd. Received 15 September 2006; Revised 1 July 2008 1. INTRODUCTION The field of econometrics of auctions has been successful in providing methods for the investigation of auction data that are well grounded in economic theory and allow for inference on the structure of an auction environment. Today, a researcher has a number of alternative structural methods, especially within the independent private-values paradigm...
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...physical descriptions of the cryptid are all the same -- large, brown, hairy, and smelly beasts. While many may believe that these eyewitness accounts and stories have been pranks or hoaxes, advancements in modern technology has allowed believers to become closer than ever to proving those skeptics wrong. The most famous form of Bigfoot evidence is footprint casts, as their large size was what coined the name Bigfoot in the first place, yet many skeptics will say that the prints hadn’t been made by sasquatch, but pranksters. DNA is number one form of evidence that all Bigfoot researchers and believers are hoping for, as it’s the one form of evidence that cannot be denied. So sasquatch hunters go into the woods with the goal to come home with a sample of hair or blood, and hope to capture photographs of the beast itself. Researchers will soon be able to prove that the quality, and quantity, of sasquatch...
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...separating two liquid components. There are two types of distillation used in this experiment known as the simple and fractional distillation. The objective of this experiment was to be able to determine the amount of Ethanol in the given Alcoholic beverage known as Vodka by using the Simple Distillation Method. The group added 15 mL of Vodka in the distilling flask and heated it in a circular motion using an alcohol lamp and collected them in 10 test tubes labelled with a 0.5 mL mark. The first 0.5mL was obtained at 84°C and the last at 100°C. They then tested its flammability using the first 0.5 mL, which tested flammable, and the last 0.5 mL collected, testing inflammable. The computations from the data gathered, shows us 13.3% EtOH, a proof of 26.7% EtOH and 30% loss. INTRODUCTION In this experiment, each group was to use the types of distillation in order to separate the components of an alcoholic beverage known as Vodka. What is Distillation? And what are the two types of distillation used in this experiment? Distillation is a process of converting liquid to vapour, condensing it, and collecting the distillate in another container. It is used to separate components in a liquid mixture with different boiling points and is also used to purify liquids. The two types of distillation are known as the Simple Distillation and the Fractional Distillation. In this experiment, the group was assigned to use the Simple Distillation method in separating the components of vodka....
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...Validity and Reliability The principles of validity and reliability are fundamental cornerstones of the scientific method. Together, they are at the core of what is accepted as scientific proof, by scientist and philosopher alike. By following a few basic principles, any experimental design will stand up to rigorous questioning and skepticism. \ What is Reliability? The idea behind reliability is that any significant results must be more than a one-off finding and be inherently repeatable. Other researchers must be able to perform exactly the same experiment, under the same conditions and generate the same results. This will reinforce the findings and ensure that the wider scientific community will accept the hypothesis. Without this replication of statistically significant results, the experiment andresearch have not fulfilled all of the requirements of testability. This prerequisite is essential to a hypothesis establishing itself as an accepted scientific truth. For example, if you are performing a time critical experiment, you will be using some type of stopwatch. Generally, it is reasonable to assume that the instruments are reliable and will keep true and accurate time. However, diligent scientists take measurements many times, to minimize the chances of malfunction and maintain validity and reliability. At the other extreme, any experiment that uses human judgment is always going to come under question. For example, if observers rate certain aspects...
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...plot demonstrates a negative correlation because the values of Y decrease with the decreasing values of X with the correlation becoming weaker forming a negative slope. Yes there is an outlier. The second to the last data element is an outlier because it stands out from the rest of the data elements. Problem 3) The following data come from your book, problem 26 on page 247. Here is the data: Mean daily calories Infant Mortality Rate (per 1,000 births) 1523 154 3495 6 1941 114 2678 24 1610 107 3443 6 1640 153 3362 7 3429 44 2671 7 a) For the above data construct a scatter plot using SPSS or Excel (Follow instructions on page 244 of your textbook). What does the scatter plot show? Can you determine a type of relationship? Are there any outliers that you can see? Answer: b) Using the same data conduct a correlation analysis using SPSS or Excel. What is the correlation coefficient? Is it a strong, moderate or weak correlation? Is the correlation significant or not? If it is what does that mean? Answer:...
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...levels. Unit 1 is a core unit and its content underpins the other BTEC sport units. Learning aim A looks at the components of physical and skill-related fitness and principles of training. Learning aim B covers the various training methods that can be used to develop the different components of fitness and learning aim C focuses on fitness tests. The second section contains two sample external assessments. You will be given 1 hour to complete the external assessment for this unit and the marks are out of 50. Your assessment will take place by an online, computer-based test and our two sample external assessments are designed to show you the types of questions, and question formats, you might face. Answers for the two sample external assessments can be found at the end of the book. Unit 1 Fitness for Sport and Exercise The unit is divided in to two sections. The first section contains the content of the learning aim, broken down in to bite-sized chunks. Each topic is covered and you can tick them off as you study them. 1 BTEC Sport Level 2 Assessment Guide Units 1 and 2 uncorrected first proofs issued by marketing 21st February 2013. This material is © Hodder Education 2013 and should not be redistributed. 186628_BTEC_Sport_L2__i-112.indd 1 1/22/13 4:11 PM Learning aim A Know about the components of fitness and the principles of training Topic A.1 Components of physical fitness Aerobic endurance Body composition Muscular endurance Components of physical fitness Muscular...
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...misrepresented their company related to the packaged weights. This additional statistical data was analyzed and these findings will be outlined for your further review. The following statistical data was conclusive in determining that the claim of Oxford Cereals cheating their customers was not true. There is no definitive proof that the claims of boxed weights being short of 368 grams are true. New information Ted Grable, CEO of Oxford Cereals visited Oxford Cereal Plant Number 1 with several members of the public, several off-duty firefighters and police officers, and a television reporter, Sharon Danyl. A random day was chosen by Ms. Danyl and the firefighters and police officers randomly collected 40 boxes from each of the cereal’s production lines, collecting a total of 80 boxes of cereal. The 80 boxes of cereal were then boxed and transported to an independent laboratory by agents from Parcel Express Delivery Systems. The boxes were weighed and tested and the results were sent to Oxford Cereals officials and Ms. Danyl concurrently. Ms. Danyl then reported the test results on that night’s news stating that the average weight of the random sample of boxes of cereal were greater than the 368 grams stated on the box labels. The weights of the 80 boxes were provided to us by Oxford Cereals but do not state which weight belongs to which...
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