...Unemployment and workfare Questions: 1: Last week the government announced who had won contracts for the work programme: there was shock when, out of 40 contracts worth between £3bn and £5bn, only two went to not-for-profit groups. Not so much "big society" as big Serco. The biggest winner – and a surprise – was Ingeus Deloitte, which won seven huge contracts amid acid observation that its CEO was a former director at the Department for Work and Pensions. Concern was expressed that Ingeus had underbid more experienced providers: price was a clinching factor in the official scoring system, whereas bizarrely previous performance was not scored at all. 2: The greatly disappointed voluntary sector will be relegated to sub-contracting. The big companies will hand down their difficult cases, such as addicts, ex-prisoners or the mentally ill – creaming 20%-30% off the top in "management fees" 3: Among the winners is A4E (Action for Employment) – hardly surprising as its founder, Emma Harrison CBE, was named by David Cameron as his workless families tsar. As the Observer revealed, she and her husband have a joint income of some £1.4m from their welfare-to-work empire. 4: The verdict was pretty damning. Not only did contracted companies miss their targets by miles – but the DWP's own Jobcentre Plus outscored them easily. The committee's report is remarkably trenchant: " The performance by the mainly private-sector providers was universally poor … £94m was spent on employment support...
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...S O LU T I O N TO C O R P O R AT I O N P R AC T I C E S E T No More Ice, Inc. 1 3 4 5 6 7 No More Ice, Inc. E. I. No. 98-7654321 A Schedule Attached to and Made Part of 2012 Form 1120—U.S. Corporation Income Tax Return List of Attached Schedules Schedule O—Consent Plan and Apportionment Schedule Form 1125-A—Cost of Goods Sold Forms 8949—Sales and Other Dispositions of Capital Assets Form 4626—Alternative Minimum Tax—Corporations Schedule D—Capital Gains and Losses Schedule G (Form 1120)—Information on Certain Persons Owning the Corporation’s Voting Stock Form 1125-E—Compensation of Officers Attachment—Supporting Details 9 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 20 21 INFORMATION FOR INSTRUCTORS CORPORATION PRACTICE SET (2013-2014 EDITION) No More Ice, Inc. Following are details on some of the calculations in the solution. Observations are made on areas which the students may find more difficult. You can reduce the difficulty of the practice set if you so choose by providing your students “clues” (or even the solutions) in some or all of these areas. Paragraph references are to the facts for the practice set. 1. Computation of Cost of Goods Sold (Form 1125-A). Amounts for beginning and ending inventories and for cost of goods sold are provided. Students must “back into” the cost of purchases; e.g., Cost of Goods Sold ........................................................................... Inventory Adjustment...
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...tics had predicted, it currently carries very may reduce taxes to try to stimulate the little traffic—about 4,000 cars a day. By economy or raise taxes when they believe comparison, America’s longest suspension that aggregate demand is too high. bridge, the Verrazano Bridge that links New In this chapter, we will learn how discre- York City’s Staten Island to the borough of tionary fiscal policy fits into the model of Brooklyn, carries more than 300,000 cars short-run fluctuations we developed in each day. Chapter 10. We’ll see how deliberate In Japan, stories like this are common. During the 1990s the Japanese government What you will learn in this chapter: changes in government spending and tax policy affect real GDP. We’ll also see how ® What fiscal policy is and why it is an important tool in managing economic fluctuations ® Which policies constitute an expansionary fiscal policy and which constitute a contractionary fiscal policy ® Why fiscal policy has a multiplier effect and how this effect is influenced by automatic stabilizers ® How to measure the government budget balance and how it is affected by economic fluctuations ® Why a large public debt may be a cause for concern ® Why implicit liabilities of the government are also a cause for concern spent around $1.4 trillion on...
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...economy. The administration of President Bush had agreed to provide federal loans to prop up the automobile industry and President-elect Obama inherited an economy in collapse. In 2009, the newly elected President Obama signed the American Recovery and Reinvestment Act (ARRA) into law. The Act provided stimulus spending in infrastructure, health, energy, education, unemployment insurance, social welfare programs, and many other areas of government interest. To address concerns from political opposition to that Act, ARRA included strong provisions governing transparency of the spending of taxpayer money. ARRA funds would be dispensed with strong requirements that taxpayers be able to monitor how their tax money is being spent. A major beneficiary of the stimulus funds was the Department of Transportation. To address the transparency issue, the department established a number of websites supported by servers and databases that the public could access to monitor the spending of their tax dollars. The DOT’s expanded web interface inherently exposed it to greater risk. This case study reviews an audit of that risk, the department’s shortfalls in mitigating the risk, its systems that may have contributed to those failures, and this reviewer’s recommended solutions. Case Study Review Situation That legislation required unprecedented levels of transparency and accountability for the billions of tax dollars that would be spent on various programs including infrastructure, research...
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...Tax IFRS Readiness Series The uncertain future of LIFO* The uncertain future of LIFO This paper was authored by Christine Turgeon, a partner; Scott Rabinowitz, a director; Helen Poplock, a director; and Sean Pheils, a senior associate with PricewaterhouseCoopers’ Washington National Tax Services (WNTS) practice. For over 70 years, US taxpayers have been able to value the cost of their inventories using the last-in, first-out inventory method of accounting (LIFO). In general, to use LIFO for federal income tax purposes, taxpayers must also use LIFO for financial reporting purposes (herein referred to as the LIFO conformity requirement). The use of LIFO for financial reporting purposes is not permitted under International Financial Reporting Standards as promulgated by the International Accounting Standards Board (IFRS). As a result, a conversion from US generally accepted accounting principles (GAAP) to IFRS likely will eliminate a taxpayer’s ability to use LIFO for federal income tax purposes. Moreover, the fact that LIFO is not permissible under IFRS has led many policymakers to debate whether LIFO should be permitted for tax purposes, irrespective of IFRS conversion. As a result, Congress and the Obama Administration are considering a repeal of LIFO, while taxpayers and practitioners are defending the merits of LIFO as sound tax policy and are seeking an administrative exception to the LIFO conformity requirement. The transition from LIFO to an alternate inventory...
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...Chapter C:1 Tax Research Learning Objectives After studying this chapter, the student should be able to: 1. Distinguish between closed fact and open fact tax situations. 2. Describe the steps in the tax research process. 3. Explain how the facts influence tax consequences. 4. Identify the sources of tax law and assess the authoritative value of each. 5. Consult tax services to research an issue. 6. Apply the basics of Internet-based tax research. 7. Use the citator to assess authorities. 8. Describe professional guidelines that CPAs in tax practice should follow. 9. Prepare work papers and communicate to clients. Areas of Greater Significance Since this will usually be a student’s first exposure to tax research, the importance of the facts to the tax results, federal tax services and the citator should be discussed. The widespread use of Internet-based databases for tax research makes this means of tax research much more important. An effort should be made to introduce Internet-based searches to the students if at all possible. The text discusses two types of professional guidelines for CPAs in tax practice. Areas of Lesser Significance In the interest of time, the following areas may be omitted: Sample work papers and client letter (Appendix A). Problem Areas for Students The following areas may prove especially difficult to students: ...
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...TRANSFER TAX -refers to the burden imposed upon the right to gratuitously transfer or transmit property, tangible or intangible from one person to another. Filing: within 6 months from the date of death 15%-relative 30%-stranger Filing: within 30 days from the date of donation -are taxes imposed upon the gratuitous disposition of private property. ESTATE TAX FORMULA: KINDS OF TRANSFER TAXES: ESTATE TAX NIRC Donation mortis causa Tax levied on the transmission of properties from decedent to his heirs Tax on the privilege to transmit property at death Excise tax or privilege tax Effective upon death Tax base is the net estate Net estate amounting to P200,000 is exempted 20% highest rate DONOR’S TAX NIRC Donation inter vivos Tax levied on the transmission of properties from a living person to another living person. Gross Estate (Sec. 85) TAX ON THE TRANSFER OF REAL PROPERTY LGC Less: Ordinary Deductions (Sec. 86)_____________ Equals: Net Estate before share of surviving spouse Less: Share of surviving spouse________________ Equals: Net estate before special deductions Less: Special deductions______________________ Equals: Net taxable estate Multiply:Tax Rate (Sec 84)______________________ Equals: Estate Tax Payable If there’s tax credit available: Excise tax or privilege tax Effective during the life time of the donor Tax base is the net gift within the calendar year Net gift amounting to P100,000 is exempted highest rates: Estate tax payable Less: Tax credit____________...
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...an expense to be ordinary, in must be customary or usual in the taxpayers particular business. The necessary criterion refers to an expense that is appropriate and helpful, and not necessarily essential to the taxpayer’s business. Reasonableness is not specifically included by IRC §162, but has been added by the courts. In these cases, the courts held that a trade or business expense must not only be ordinary and necessary but also reasonable in amount and reasonable in relation to its purpose. 3. What form is depreciation reported on and how does it relate to other forms such as Schedule C, E, F, and Form 2106? Answer: Depreciation is reported on Form 4562, and the expenses flow from that forms to other schedules in the tax return. Depreciation is the expense allowed for the wear or loss of usefulness of a business asset. The understanding of depreciation is extremely...
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...TAXATION – power inherent in every sovereign State to impose a charge or burden upon persons, properties, or rights to raise revenues for the use and support of the government to enable it to discharge its appropriate functions SCOPE OF TAXATION TAXATION IS: Unlimited, Far-reaching, Plenary Comprehensive Supreme STAGES OF TAXATION: (LAP) 1. Levy 2. Assessment 3. Payment Basic Principles of a Sound Tax System 1. Fiscal Adequacy 2. Theoretical Justice 3. Administrative Feasibility INHERENT LIMITATIONS (SPING) 1) Situs or territoriality of taxation 2) Must be for a Public purpose • Test is whether proceeds will be used for something which is the duty of the State to provide. • Legislature is not required to adopt a policy of “all or none.” • Incidental benefit to individual does not defeat exemption 3) International comity • Property of a foreign State of government may not be taxed by another 4) Non-delegability of the taxing power • Contemplates power to QuickTime™ and a TIFF (Uncompressed) decompressor determine kind,thisobject, extent, are needed to see picture. amount, coverage, and situs of tax; • Distinguish from power to assess and collect • Exemptions: (a) presidential taxing powers; (b) local governments 5) Exemptions of Government agencies • Taking money from one pocket • to the other Applies only to entities exercising government functions (acta jure imperii) CONSTITUTIONAL LIMITATIONS A. Direct 1) Due process • Should not be harsh, oppressive, or confiscatory (Substantive)...
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...CHAPTER 5: COUNTRY RISK ANALYSIS 53 CHAPTER 5 COUNTRY RISK ANALYSIS I moved this chapter from the section on foreign investment analysis to this section because I have concluded that the international economic environment is heavily dependent on the policies that individual countries pursue. Given the close linkage between a country’s economic policies and the degree of exchange risk, inflation risk, and interest rate risk that multinational companies and investors face, it is vital in studying and attempting to forecast those risks to understand their causes. Simply put, attempts to forecast exchange rates, inflation rates, or interest rates are helped immensely by a deeper understanding of how those economic parameters are affected by national policies. At the same time, no one can intelligently assess a country’s risk profile without comprehending its economic and political policies and how those policies are likely to affect the country’s prospects for economic growth. I spend some time discussing the nature of property rights and their implications for political risk and economic development. The chapter examines the experiences of Latin American countries and Eastern European countries and addresses the question of what it takes to promote economic growth. A good discussion of property rights and their effects on economic growth can be based on the end-of-chapter problems. This discussion serves to introduce the topic of country risk analysis–the assessment of the...
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...Taxation Finance Act 2009 Alan Melville S IT IN TH W EEN ON NO IFT ITI F ED ● ● 15th Annual Edition ● ● Class Tested Over 250 Worked Examples ● Over 250 Exercises and Questions On ACCA, CIPFA, AIA and IFA Reading Lists Taxation Supporting resources For instructors Visit www.pearsoned.co.uk/melville to find valuable online resources • Complete, downloadable Instructor’s Manual For more information please contact your local Pearson Education sales representative or visit www.pearsoned.co.uk/melville We work with leading authors to develop the strongest educational materials in accounting, bringing cutting-edge thinking and best learning practice to a global market. Under a range of well-known imprints, including Financial Times Prentice Hall, we craft high quality print and electronic publications which help readers to understand and apply their content, whether studying or at work. To find out more about the complete range of our publishing please visit us on the World Wide Web at: www.pearsoned.co.uk Taxation Finance Act 2009 Fifteenth edition Alan Melville FCA, BSc, Cert. Ed. Pearson Education Limited Edinburgh Gate Harlow Essex CM20 2JE England and Associated Companies throughout the world Visit us on the World Wide Web at: www.pearsoned.co.uk First published 1995 Fifteenth edition published 2010 © Pearson Professional Limited 1995, 1996 © Financial Times Professional Limited 1997, 1998 © Pearson Education Limited 1999...
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...The Eurozone crisis (often referred to as the Euro crisis) is an ongoing crisis that has been affecting the countries of the Eurozone since late 2009. It is a combined sovereign debt crisis, a banking crisis and a growth and competitiveness crisis.[8] The crisis made it difficult or impossible for some countries in the euro area to repay or re-finance their government debt without the assistance of third parties. Moreover, banks in the Eurozone are undercapitalized and have faced liquidity problems. Additionally, economic growth is slow in the whole of the Eurozone and is unequally distributed across the member states.[8] In 1992, members of the European Union signed the Maastricht Treaty, under which they pledged to limit their deficit spending and debt levels. However, in the early 2000s, a number of EU member states were failing to stay within the confines of the Maastricht criteria and turned to securitising future government revenues to reduce their debts and/or deficits. Sovereigns sold rights to receive future cash flows, allowing governments to raise funds without violating debt and deficit targets, but sidestepping best practice and ignoring internationally agreed standards.[9] This allowed the sovereigns to mask (or "Enronize") their deficit and debt levels through a combination of techniques, including inconsistent accounting, off-balance-sheet transactions as well as the use of complex currency and credit derivatives structures.[9] From late 2009, fears of...
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...Taxation Finance Act 2009 Alan Melville S IT IN TH W EEN ON NO IFT ITI F ED ● ● 15th Annual Edition ● ● Class Tested Over 250 Worked Examples ● Over 250 Exercises and Questions On ACCA, CIPFA, AIA and IFA Reading Lists Taxation Supporting resources For instructors Visit www.pearsoned.co.uk/melville to find valuable online resources • Complete, downloadable Instructor’s Manual For more information please contact your local Pearson Education sales representative or visit www.pearsoned.co.uk/melville We work with leading authors to develop the strongest educational materials in accounting, bringing cutting-edge thinking and best learning practice to a global market. Under a range of well-known imprints, including Financial Times Prentice Hall, we craft high quality print and electronic publications which help readers to understand and apply their content, whether studying or at work. To find out more about the complete range of our publishing please visit us on the World Wide Web at: www.pearsoned.co.uk Taxation Finance Act 2009 Fifteenth edition Alan Melville FCA, BSc, Cert. Ed. Pearson Education Limited Edinburgh Gate Harlow Essex CM20 2JE England and Associated Companies throughout the world Visit us on the World Wide Web at: www.pearsoned.co.uk First published 1995 Fifteenth edition published 2010 © Pearson Professional Limited 1995, 1996 © Financial Times Professional Limited 1997, 1998 © Pearson Education Limited 1999...
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...Msc Finance & Investment Core Course I: Corporate Finance & Value Creation Lecture 1 3 Modigliani & Miller (1958) ‘The Cost of Capital, Corporation Finance and the Theory of Investment’ 3 Modigliani & Miller 2 6 Modigliani and Miller 3 7 Modigliani & Miller – 1958 4 12 Fama & French (1998) ‘Taxes, Financing Decisions, and Firm Value’ 18 FAMA FRENCH 2 20 Fama & French 3 21 Fama & French – 1998 4 22 Graham (2000) ‘How Big Are the Tax Benefits of Debt?’ 25 GRAHAM (2000) 2 28 Graham 3 29 How big are the tax benefits of debt? John Graham – 2002 4 29 Lecture 2 32 Myers (1984) ‘The Capital Structure Puzzle’ 32 MYERS (1984) The Capital Structure Puzzle 2 36 Myers 3 39 The capital structure puzzle Myers – 1984 4 40 Andrade & Kaplan (1998) ‘How Costly is Financial (Not Economic) Distress? Evidence from Highly Leveraged Transactions that Became Distress’ 44 Kaplan 2 46 Andrade & Kaplan (1998) 3 51 Andrade & Kaplan – 1998 4 52 Lecture 3 56 Myers & Maljuf (1984) ‘Corporate Financing and Investment Decisions when Firms have Information that Investors Do Not Have’ 56 Myers and Majluf 2 61 Myers & Mailuf (1984) 3 66 Myers & Majluf – 1984 4 68 Frank & Goyal (2007) ‘Trade-off and Pecking Order Theories of Debt 74 Frank, Murray and Goyal, Vidhan 2 75 Frank & Goyal (2007) 3 83 Trade-off and pecking order theories of debt Frank & Goyal – 2007 4 85 Lecture 4 92 Ross (1977) ‘The Determination of Financial Structure: the Incentive-Signaling Approach’ 92 ROSS (1977)...
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...AACSB Table 10-1: Summary of Faculty Qualifications, Development Activities, and Professional Responsibilities Date Range: January 1, 2007 - August 1, 2012 Accounting: Professor | | | | | | | Five-Year Summary of Development Activities Supporting AQ or PQ Status | | Name | Highest Earned Degree & Year | Date of First Appointment to the School | Percent of Time Dedicated to the School's Mission | Acad Qual | Prof Qual | Other | Intell. Contrib. | Prof. Exper. | Consult. | Prof. Develop. | Other Prof. Activities | NormalProfessionalResponsibilities | | | | | | | | | | | | | | Som Bhattacharya | Ph D, 1994 | | 100.0 | YES | | | 12 (5) | Service: 0Work: 0 | 0 | 0 | Editor/Review: 6Other:13 | UG, GR, RES, SER and ADM | Intellectual Contributions (12) Hopwood, W., Bhattacharya, S., Premuroso, R. (2011). Tasteless Tea Company: A Comprehensive Revenue Transaction Cycle Case Study. Issues in Accounting Education, 26(1), 163-179. Cao, J., Nicolaou, A., Bhattacharya, S. (2010). A Longitudinal Study of market and Firm Level Factors Influencing ERP Systems’ Adoption and Post-Implementation System Enhancement Options. 7th Annual International Conference on Enterprise Systems, Accounting, and Logistics. Rhodos: ICESAL. Behara, R., Bhattacharya, S. (2008). DNA of a successful BPO. Journal of Service Science, 1(1), 111-118. Premuroso, R., Bhattacharya, S. (2008). Do Early Members of XBRL International Signal Superior Corporate Governance and Future...
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