...Although homophobia exists throughout many cultures and societies, Russia has recently gained notoriety for its intolerance of homosexuality. In a world that is becoming more accepting and tolerant in social and political views, Russia is moving backwards when it comes to LGBT rights. Many Russians hold a conservative view of homosexuality. Russia’s turbulent political past is a strong contributor to today’s attitudes towards homosexuality and other sexual orientations. Under the tsarist rule, homosexuality was a crime punishable by imprisonment or death. Even under Stalin’s Soviet Union, anti-gay laws were enacted and homosexuals were seen as a danger to the state and sent to prisons. Even though Yeltsin legalized homosexuality in 1993, under the Putin regime, homosexuals have been abused and mistreated due to a series of anti-gay propaganda laws and an increasingly homophobic Russian society....
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...beginning of the war, The Allies consisted of United Kingdom, France and Russia and were later joined among others by the USA. Against Allies stood alliance called Central powers, which consisted of Germany, Austria-Hungary and Italy (which fought for Allies then) later joined by Ottoman Empire and Bulgaria. Both Allies and Central powers expected the war to be very short and quick as for being regional (between Austria-Hungary and Serbia). The common belief in United Kingdom in the year 1914 was the war would last “till Christmas” (under half year). The Germany foresaw the war to last similarly short as they put their stakes on short and no diversionary war according to Schlieffen Plan. The most significant factors in term of prolonging the war were the failure of Schlieffen Plan together with the determined attitude of both camps to win. This resulted in the tactical stalemate of trench warfare, which again contributed to the length of the war. All factors mentioned above were essential in prolonging the war. First of all, Germany gambled on a quick victory with the Schlieffen Plan that did not pay off and resulted in the trench warfare. Schlieffen Plan was a warfare strategy whose main aim was not to create diversionary war on Western front with France and Eastern front with Russia. The key strategy was to outtake the France earlier through the undefended boarder with Belgium before the Russia mobilizes all its units. This strategy anticipated Belgium to be unprepared...
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...Propaganda Control Propaganda is active means to influence the opinions of the public. Propaganda is information especially of a bias nature used to promote a particular cause or point of view. Propaganda has been used for in major events such as world war l also World War II. The main purpose of propaganda is to persuade. A few examples that propaganda can influence the opinion of the public is in the book Animal Farm by George Orewell, on page 93 squealer was talking about how good napolean is as a leader. This type of propaganda is called “personality cult” basically this means that squealer was glorifying napoleon. “Napoleon makes sure everyone is eating and drinking, squealer said with rears running down his face.” People...
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...1984: The Party Vs Soviet Russia George Orwells 1984 was a novel of shocking circumstances. All matters in the book are surprising and eye catching to one built on the American society, such as myself. But what if we weren’t comfortable with a society of freedom? What if, likewise to 1984, we had grown up in the 1900’s Soviet Russia? Compared to 1984, Soviet Russia was very much “The Party” in these instances, ranging from the similarities in propaganda, style of government rule, and the forced lifestyles of its people. The ways that 1984 and Soviet Russia use propaganda are eerily similar. “Artists painted pictures glorifying Stalin and he dominated many pictures. It was not unusual for Stalin to be in a white suit so that he stood out from...
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...a novel that uses animals to show how Russia was slowly failing in communism. It goes through how the leaders brainwash the common working class and most everyone else to keep power. The story makes it noticeable that all the common animals could rebel like the first time but were too brainwashed to understand the bad that was going on. This novel Animal Farm , by George Orwell, is written to symbolize the working class, Stalin, and propaganda in the soviet union to show if too much power is granted then the outcome might not be so great. In the story, the character Napoleon symbolizes great power and how too much power is a terrible thing. He is granted way too much power, so when other farms try to make deals he screws them around then they become enemies. With the power he is granted, he gets all the luxury that the animals aren’t supposed to have. Napoleon has so much power that “four dogs guarded his bed at night, on at each corner” (Orwell 95). If Napoleon was never granted so much power then the farm would be a great place. This is why Napoleon symbolizes Stalin in the book....
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...Joseph Stalin’s control over Russia is equated to the gain and loss of different economic and humanity-related aspects in Russian society, however, one loss in particular that his reign signified was that freedom was one thing that the Soviet people would live without. Despite the Soviet people’s lack of freedom, they rallied around Stalin and the Bolshevik party, thus creating a seemingly unified nation. The Soviet people, without any outward opposition, obeyed the state and devoted themselves to the Revolution and ideology that Joseph Stalin worked endlessly to impart within each citizen. The people of Russia were limited in every aspect of life. They could only read what the state allowed, see what the state allowed, and listen to what the...
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...What significance did The Great Patriotic War have on Russia in the period of 1941-1945? On June 22 1941, Germany launched Operation Barbarossa; an full scale military invasion against Russia; forcing her entry into The World War causing devastating consequences in all of Russian society, as well as her domestic economic and political affairs throughout 1941-1945. The war featured social effects; the ‘war of annihilation’ of the Russian citizens by Germany in pursuit of Moscow and the increased need of unity and patriotism domestically, economic effects; the complete transition to Russian war time economy to fuel the war and the devastation of Russian industries, however it was the consolidation of Stalin’s communist leadership that was to reign the most significant in terms of its domestic impact but also its lasting effect. The Great Patriotic war forced the Russian economy to transition into a war time economy to fuel the war effort. The final one and a half years of the 3rd five year plan saw a shift into a wartime economy as the Germany invaded Russia; increasing economic mobilisation and increased its PPP usage towards supplying the front with more resources, even more efficiently than Germany due to the war economy. By 1943 60% of Russian output was devoted to its war effort, keeping Soviet army and navy adequately supplied with rearmaments, food, and fuel throughout the war. Through propaganda, Russian labour production shifted importance from developing the economy...
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...Why the United States is losing the Information War Matt Apel CMR 592 Howard Kleinberg Introduction Cyber Warfare and cyber security have been on the rise for several years now. However, when these topics are discussed amongst government officials, business owners, and civilians the focus has been assaults on personal privacy, hacking into government computers systems, and denial of services. Rarely, is the focus on how armed groups and terrorist organizations are using Information Operations (social media and propaganda) to affect political, economic, and social systems all over the world. Information Operations is defined as, The integrated employment of the core capabilities of electronic warfare, computer network operations, psychological operations, military deception and operations security, in concert with specified supporting and related capabilities, to influence, disrupt, corrupt or usurp adversarial human and automated decision making while protecting our own. Also called IO (Air University 2006). Former Defense Advanced Research Projects Agency (DARPA) member Rand Waltzman states, “I recently concluded a $50 million program, Social Media in Strategic Communication, which led to the release of more than 200 publications and to the creation of a science of social media. What we learned is that “bullsh..t” is a weapon that is being used worldwide to fundamentally attack the medium of the press, and that the issue of freedom of the press is, in fact, a diversion....
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...Orwell wrote about Stalinist Russia, arguably the worst time Russia has ever gone through. Using propaganda to justify his actions to the people, Stalin takes advantage of his citizens and kills whoever disagrees. Eloquently speaking about the "glorious" Napoleon, Squealer is able to convince the other animals and especially the less bright sheep, that all of Napoleon's wrongdoing is only for the greater good of Animal Farm. When Napoleon cuts rations and steals all of the good food, Squealer is able to turn it around and make Napoleon seem like a hero by using grandiose rhetoric and the other animals' "forgetfulness" to make them believe that Napoleon and he is...
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...How Did Stalin Reinforce His Dictatorship in the 1930’s? During the 1930’s, Stalin engaged in a range of measures to bolster his personal control of the USSR. This included purging Russia of anyone who he considered a threat or disloyal, building a personality cult and the introduction of a new constitution for the USSR in 1936. In 1934, the use of purges were employed after the murder, most probably instructed by Stalin himself, of the leader of the Leningrad Communist Party, Kirov. The murder of Sergei Kirov was announced as part of a terrorist conspiracy involving Trotsky and was then used to arrest Zinoviev, who was given 10 years in prison, and Kamenev who received a 15 year sentence. This lead to an outbreak of purges by which anybody suspected of disloyalty was murdered, sent to prison camps, or put on public show trials at which they pleaded guilty to crimes that were not humanly possible. In reality, Kirov was most likely murdered by Stalin due to his higher levels of popularity and the incident at the 1934 part congress where he was tipped as a future leader. Kirov was also a critic of collectivisation and disagreed with Stalin’s style. The Communist party was the political party most damaged by the effects of these purges. 20% of the party was purged, accused of being “trostskyies”, and were arrested, shot or sentenced to hard labour. Stalin enforced these purges with the use of the emergency decrees, which gave him extra powers to the NKPD to pursue traitors...
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...between the 1940s and the early 1990s. The primary actors in it were the United States and its allies, countered by Russia and countries aligned with that nation. Rather than engaging in a potentially devastating out and out war, the countries involved in the Cold War jockeyed for position in more subtle ways. Many major events in global history including the rise of the Berlin Wall and the Cuban Missile Crisis were related to this war. So the things that I am going to talk about is what are some effects that USA made during cold war to other countires? I think first of all, many countries get rich because of their buy of aliiances, for example, During the 1950s, U.S. propaganda, as an instrument of the Cold War, was intended "to expose the fallacies of communism" and to warn of its dangers. Other goals for the Middle East included strengthening "Western-oriented elements," increasing awareness of the Soviet threat, and building "greater willingness to cooperate both regionally and with the West." In Iraq, "an emotional response" overcoming antagonism toward the West was sought, since "A realization of a common, global foe" could "forge a common, global bond between Iraq and the Western defense powers." In Iran, propaganda promoted the view that close relations with the West would "provide the "most profitable course." In all Arab countries, U.S. propaganda sought "Reversal of the Anti-American trends of Arab opinion" and guidance of "the revolutionary and nationalistic...
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...ASSIGNMENT #1: DOCUMENT ANALYSIS Joseph Stalin: Industrialization of the country, 1928 Prepared by: Yulia Kirillova ID: 10095380 The Soviet Union was founded in 1922, when the Bolsheviks seized power in Russia. After the death of its first leader, Vladimir Lenin, there was a power struggle from which Joseph Stalin emerged as winner for the control of the Communist party. By the day of Lenin’s death there were five candidates with the potential to emerge as the new leader of the U.S.S.R: Stalin, Trotsky, Bukharin, Zinoviev, and Kamenev; Bukharin belonged to the “Rightists” and wished to continue Lenin’s economic policy, which gave more economic freedom for the peasants and promoted agriculture, Zinoviev and Kamenev wanted state control of economic life, Trotsky believed in the importance of a worldwide communist revolution, and Stalin filled the room for interpretation in Marxist though with the concept that he called “socialism in one country”. That was a significant shift from the previously held Marxist position that socialism must be established globally, and was in sharp opposition to Leon Trotsky’s theory of permanent revolution. In contrast to what Trotsky thought and envisioned for Russia, Stalin believed that the success of Marxism in Russia was dependent on the construction of a successful soviet union, rather than a multitude of communist revolutions throughout the world. One step towards building a successful Soviet Union, as Stalin saw it...
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...Lies, there was a multitude of lies spread due to the use of propaganda by all forms of government and all the countries of the world during WWI & WWII. There are many forms of propaganda, for example; there is name calling, bandwagon, card stalking, plain folks, etc. All of these are used in different ways, like name-calling that uses names to evoke fear or anger in the viewer. This technique applies a negative idea to the person of choice making them to be the enemy. In Animal Farm the character "Squealer" represents the propaganda used during the Russian revolution. My topic of propaganda played a major part in the Russian revolution but remains " little studied" as it doesn’t seem to be as important in our world today. During the Russian revolution the Russian empire was very low on food, so to keep their people on their side joseph Stalin used propaganda to manipulate their minds into thinking less about the food shortage and more about winning the war. Another thing was that even with all their resources going to the military, the government was unable to continue the funding to both the military and the people of Russia. For most nations the most effective way to...
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...To create it he was based on leninism and marxism, stalinism is considered by historians mainly because it was a very extreme totalitarianism. He used propaganda, secret police and terror to induce his thoughts. Stalin created thirteen plans to boost the Soviet Union economy and his control. The most important ones were the first plan in which he induced the collectivization of the farms (successful), the second plan had the main objective to boost Russia’s steel production in order to surpass Germany’s production. The third plan had the objective of preparing Russian for the second world war against Germany and relied on boosting military supply production, the fourth and fifth plan focused on rebuilding Russia after the WWII. Other plans were created to enhance economy, power or Stalin’s propaganda. About the brutal force that Stalin used to control the population, political menaces, rebels and people who broke the law used to be sent the Gulags which were russian concentration camps that forced people to work to death, they could be also expelled from Russia or the Soviet Union, some of them were directly killed and some people believe they were used on experiments, the secret police and propaganda made russian people afraid of expressing themselves even in their own...
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...Animal Farm is a novel that appears at first glance like a children's book metaphor to represent Russia, but it's much broader than that, it's the mistakes of all men with absolute power. Animal Farm is a historical novel that illustrates the idea that absolute power corrupts absolutely and with corruption comes lack of equality among the people. George Orwell uses: metaphors, fables, satire, illusion, and characterization to convey the ideas that men make mistakes with too much power. Animal Farm, like a metaphor, conveys a deeper level of meaning beneath the children’s story about animals on a farm. One main point Orwell was trying to show his audience is too much power can corrupt any government. This can be viewed through the character Napoleon. As the story progresses, the pigs gradually obtain more power, which they used to take advantage of the less intelligent animals on the farm. When the animals were weeding the turnip field, "They worked diligently, hardly raising their faces from the ground, and not knowing whether to be more frightened of the pigs or of the human visitors" (Orwell, p.52). This shows how Orwell was trying to warn the audience that no matter what the person's intentions are, power can corrupt anyone. Animal Farm can also be a fable that is used to teach lessons on morality. One lesson can be that greed brings out the worst in everyone. For example, the pigs were driven by their own personal interests until they became just as bad as their enemies...
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