...12/8/2012 Criminal Law Victimless Crimes In our society there are many different types of crimes. There are crimes, in which victims are involved such as assault and battery, armed robbery, and murder. Then there are crimes known as victimless crimes. Victimless crimes are crimes in which victims aren’t involved such as prostitution, drug abuse, and white collar crimes. What constitutes a victim though? The exact definition of victim is, a person harmed, injured, or killed as a result of a crime, accident, or other event or action. Taking this in, is victimless crimes truly victimless? In my eyes, no they aren’t. Throughout this paper I will give my point of view of why victimless crimes are not truly victimless. The rate of the abuse of drugs is constantly rising. “In 2010, an estimated 22.6 million Americans aged 12 or older, or 8.9 percent of the population, had used an illicit drug or abused a psychotherapeutic medication (such as a pain reliever, stimulant, or tranquilizer) in the past month. This is up from 8.3 percent in 2002. The increase mostly reflects a recent rise in the use of marijuana, the most commonly used illicit drug” (National Institute on Drugs). Drug abuse kills about 200,000 people worldwide each year, according to a new United Nations (UN) report. These people who have died from some type of abuse of a drug does not include in the numbers of people who have died from the violence of drugs. Looking at the war on drugs in just Mexico alone, “Over...
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...the public consensus of morality. Sometimes public order crimes are called victimless crimes, as there is no clear victim that can be identified. A crime against the public order is quite different than a crime against a person. Violent and property crimes are a direct victimization against a person. The victim has been affected by violence and the act has caused a loss of something of value. Moral entrepreneurs can be individuals or may belong to a group, or formal organization that takes on the responsibility of persuading society to develop or to enforce new rules that are consistent with its own ardently held moral beliefs. They tend to be rule creators by crusading for the passage of rules, laws, and policies against behaviors they find abhorrent or as rule enforcers by administering and implementing them. Although these are different and distinct roles, the effect of moral entrepreneurship, according to Howard Becker who coined the term, is the formation of a new class of outsiders whose behavior now violates these newly minted regulations and therefore is subject to the degrading label of “deviant.” 2. Why are public order crimes called "victimless crimes?" Take either drug abuse or prostitution and explain why it could be seen a "victimless crime," and why it may not be as victimless as one might think, with many indirect victims of that activity. Be specific! Answer: A victimless crime is one where an act that violates an established law is committed,...
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...legalising or decriminalising prostitution help protect and/or benefit prostitute women? Prostitution is commonly deemed to be one of the world’s oldest professions and can be defined as the practice or occupation of engaging in sexual intercourse or sexual acts for hire, usually in return for monetary reimbursement. Edlund and Korn explain that the industry is “a multibillion dollar business that employs millions of women worldwide”, whilst describing prostitution in general as “low-skill, labour intensive, female and well paid”. In addition, Hubbard states how, “As the ‘oldest profession’, female prostitution has long been recognised as a persistent feature of urban life, albeit one which has manifested itself in a variety of forms...
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...1. Definition: The word “prostitution” can also be used metaphorically to mean debasing oneself or working towards an unworthy cause or “selling out” In this sense, “prostituting oneself” or “whoring oneself” the services or acts performed are typically not sexual. A person who works in this field is called a prostitute, and is a kind of sex worker. Prostitution is one of the branches of the sex industry. A person who works in this field is called a prostitute, and is a kind of sex worker. Prostitution is one of the branches of the sex industry. The legal status of prostitution varies from country to country, from being permissible but unregulated, to an enforced or unenforced crime or to a regulated profession. Prostitution is sometimes also referred to as “the world’s oldest profession”. Estimates place the annual revenue generated by prostitution worldwide to be over $100 billion. Both women and boys engaged in prostitution. Female prostitutes could be independent and sometimes influential women. They were required to wear distinctive dresses and had to pay taxes. 2. Origin: In ancient days, prostitutes were often foreign slaves, captured, purchased, or raised for that purpose, sometimes by large-scale “prostitute farmers” who took abandoned children. Indeed, abandoned children were almost always raised as prostitutes. In the early 17th century, there was widespread male and female prostitution throughout the cities of Kyoto, Edo, and Osaka, Japan. To entertain their...
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...Oldest Profession Prostitution is the act of offering sexual services to another person in return for money. Prostitution is often referred to as the world’s oldest profession and has existed in the sex industry for centuries occurring all over the world. Since prostitution first began the debate has raged: should prostitution be legalized or not? To protect the safety of sex trade workers, the time has come to legalize prostitution. A major argument for legalizing prostitution is the questionable logic of criminalizing an activity that occurs routinely in our society. The services of a prostitute are used regularly by many people. According to Doctor Allan Schwartz, four main reasons that men visit prostitutes are a “compulsive need for sex, an insatiable need for sexual pleasure, a fear of intimacy or relationships, and misogyny” (Schwartz). These reasons for using the services of prostitutes have existed for a long period of time and the demand for paid sex will always exist. In many segments of society paying for sex is acceptable. History has proven that eliminating prostitution is not possible. Decriminalizing the sex trade will recognize prostitutions role in our society. Prostitution is generally an act between consenting adults and different categories include street, brothels, escorts and sex tourism. According to Sherry F. Colb of Rutgers Law School, prostitution is classified as a victimless crime. She states “What makes prostitution a victimless crime in the sense...
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...Adrianne Scott Date: 09/21/2014 Class: Thinking and problem solving Instructor: Jacob Aroz Illegal Prostitution Prostitution is a dangerous business that is commonly known as the oldest profession which is far from an exaggeration. Statistics show that prostitution is legal in 50 percent of our country, 11 percent limited legality, and illegal in 39 percent of our country total 100%. In the United States it is illegal but legal in 11 rural counties in Nevada where they have to do registration and do routine checkups. Indoor prostitution became legal in Rhode Island in 1980 due to an unintentional legal loophole created by legislators. The state enacted new legislation closing the loophole on Nov. 3, 2009. As a nation we should abolish prostitution and get rid of it as a whole research shown that over 100 million women take up prostitution as a full time profession. When they are caught and put into jail they just bond out and back on the streets raising crime and spread of disease. When working in this field prostitutes are a high target for serial killers, rapist, and sociopaths because they feel as if they don’t have the proper tools to protect themselves and they thrive off the struggle. Prostitution should not be legalized because it comes with serious consequences for potential clients and the person soliciting themselves contract or contribute to the spread of disease, it leads to human trafficking and unwanted crime. Being a prostitute or a potential client causes...
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...Does prostitution have economic justification? What will you think of someone who goes through physical and mental torture to earn a piece of bread? If for survival you need money and its cost was bad reputation status of second grade citizen, constant violence and persecution not just physically but mentally too, presenting your life to incurable diseases, destroying your present and hereafter what would you do, is it a fair deal? 2012 Submitted by: Bakhtawar jamil 12/31/2012 Does prostitution have economic justification? What will you think of someone who goes through physical and mental torture to earn a piece of bread? If for survival you need money and its cost was bad reputation status of second grade citizen, constant violence and persecution not just physically but mentally too, presenting your life to incurable diseases, destroying your present and hereafter what would you do, is it a fair deal? 2012 Submitted by: Bakhtawar jamil 12/31/2012 Table of Contents ACCOUNT2 WHAT IS PROSTITUTION?2 PROSTITUTUION THEN AND NOW3 REASONS OF PROSTITUTION WITH EYE OF DIFFERENT PEOPLE4 CONCLUSION6 BIBLIOGRAPHY7 Account: Prostitution from ages have been linked with money as its key definition states it to be exchange of sexual act for payment.in the present era the rise in many social issues such as number of patient with HIVAIDS, increased divorce rates, loosing of virginity, increase in number of suicide attempts and usage of drugs and all of these having their strings...
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...SOCIAL CONTROL Deviance 171 Social Policy and Social Control: Illicit Drug Use in Canada and Worldwide 193 What Is Deviance? 171 Explaining Deviance 175 Social Control 182 Conformity and Obedience 182 Informal and Formal Social Control Law and Society 186 Crime 185 187 Types of Crime 188 Crime Statistics 190 The Issue 193 The Setting 193 Sociological Insights 193 Policy Initiatives 193 Boxes RESEARCH IN ACTION: Street Kids 183 sOCIOLOGY IN THE GLOBAL COMMUNITY: Singapore: A Nation of Campaigns 186 TAKING SOCIOLOGY TO WORK: Holly Johnson, Chief of Research, Canadian Centre for Justice Statistics, Statistics Canada 192 Cigarette smoking has become stigmatized in Canada. This newspaper advertisement, sponsored by Health Canada, reverses the typical advertising strategy of equating smoking with sexiness. 169 H eidi Fleiss was in her late twenties when she was arrested for operating a call girl service. At the time, her pediatrician father had reacted flippantly, “I guess I didn’t do such a good job on Heidi after all.” Later, he would be convicted of conspiring to hide profits from his daughter’s call girl ring. Fleiss had dropped out of school when she was sixteen and established a liaison with a playboyfinancier who gave her a Rolls-Royce for her twenty-first birthday. In her early twenties, Fleiss interned in the world of prostitution by working for Madame Alex (Elizabeth Adams), Hollywood’s reigning call girl...
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...In this paper the student will describe the roles and functions of the prosecutor, defense attorney, criminal, and victim in the criminal justice system. The student will then summarize the affects of victimization on each role. Also, the following questions will be answered by the student: What are the goals of sentencing associated with each role, and what are the goals of alternative sanctions? Finally, the student will discuss personal recommendations regarding victims’ rights. The main role of the prosecutor is to get a state conviction in criminal proceedings. At times of private practice, present a case in defense of the victim and other parties wronged by a criminal. Also, the prosecutor must prove without question that the defendant is the one at fault. The prosecutor at times, seeks to resolve the case with a plea bargain. The plea bargain is a prosecutions best tool. The plea bargain closes the case as quickly as it opened, and the prosecution team gets win without having to rely on a jury or argument. The main role of the defense attorney is to come to the aid of the accused and provide a competent defense or defenses to prove the innocence of the accused. During the plea bargain the defense attorney is trying to get the best deal for the client being represented by the defense. The plea bargain is a good tool for the defense as well. Even though the pea bargain can count as a lose the defense attorney secures two objectives with it. First objective is the...
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...PROSTITUTION IS NOT A CHOICE LEARN A BOUT TH E TRA FFI CKING OF WOMEN AND GIRLS WORLDWIDE, AND FIND OUT WHAT CAN BE DONE TO END THIS WID ESPR EAD PROBLEM … Soroptimist International of the Americas-1709 Spruce Street Philadelphia, PA 19103 - 215 893 9000 - www.soroptimist.org SOROPTIMIST WHITE PAPER Prostitution is Not a Choice I think so much about what has happened to me. Why these men did what they did to me. Old, disgusting men. It was horrible. They knew I did not want to be there, but they paid their money. They used me. I was their property for the night. They destroyed me. (14-year-old girl at Casa Hogar, a shelter in Costa Rica for children rescued from the country’s sex trade1) OVERVIEW Prostitution has been called the world’s oldest “profession.” In reality, it is the world’s oldest “oppression” and continues to be one of the most overlooked human rights abuses of women on the planet today. 2 Prostitution of women is a particularly lethal form of violence against women, and a violation of a woman’s most basic human rights. While society attempts to normalize prostitution on a variety of levels (discussed later in this paper), prostituted women are subjected to violence and abuse at the hands of paying “clients.” For the vast majority of prostituted women, “prostitution is the experience of being hunted, dominated, harassed, assaulted and battered.” 3 It is “sexual terrorism against women at the hands of men and little is being done to stop the carnage...
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...The word, according to Andrea J. Nichols, originated back in the 1600s to define an individual who coordinated the sale of sex for his own profit. Shared Hope International claims that almost all prostituted minors have pimps who profit from and manage them (Schauer). Pimps also perceive the sex economy as a low-risk enterprise with a high-reward through reported “incomes from $5,000 to $32,833 a week” (Withers). In the sex industry, modes of exploitation and oppression by pimps typically involve acts of abuse, degradation, and violence against women (“Sex”). This usually involves young people - mostly women - who have left home, after having been abused as a child, and are addicted to drugs (“Sex”). This hard life and background often lead women to the romanticized idea that pimps can save them from their past, which causes them to eventually end up in the violent control of a pimp. This is exemplified by Meghan Casserly’s interview with Rachel Lloyd that directly brings to light the glorification of pimping done by favorite rappers that serve to romanticize pimps for thirteen-year-old girls with how they can be “cute and handsome” men who “pay attention.” In pop culture, the word pimp means “really cool” with achieving a high level of success (Nichols). Overall, Nichols states how the word signifies images of wealth, power, and respect...
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...Against Legalizing Prostitution in Country like Indonesia There is an ongoing and intense debate surrounding decriminalizing prostitution. Some countries, such as The Netherlands, Canada and Australia have legalized Prostitution. They argue that the legalization of prostitution brings more good than harm, and so far people see that good things such as an increase in country’s gross domestic product and economic output from those country is happening. But, that’s just a glance of external view out of a lot of things that really happened inside of the country that legalize prostitution itself, such as morale issue and women trafficking. This writing will boldly show and explains the arguments against legalizing prostitution and why a country like Indonesia should not legalize prostitution. Some people, whom agree to legalize prostitution, come up with arguments that from their point of view will bring more goods than bad. First, they argue that legalizing prostitution will decrease the number of sexual harassment and rape. They believe that by the legalization of prostitution, it will reduce the number of unwanted sex since it is now woman’s choice to get in to the business of prostitution or not and it will not be called as rape if both parties are willing to have sex. Second, It will be better and safer for sex-workers if prostitution was legalized and regulated. This point argue that if prostitution was legalized then there will be less crimes against (un-legalized) prostitutes...
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...The Globalization of Prostitution According to Manfred Steger, professor at the University of Hawaii, globalization can be defined as the “intensification of worldwide social relations which link distant localitites in such a way that local happenings are shaped by events occurring many miles away and vice versa” (13). The main characteristics of globalization are the increased amount of global trading, markets’ openings, and inflow and outflow of goods and service (Ditmore, 186). Globalization has four major qualities such as creation of new social networks, stretching of social relations, intensification of social exchanges, and consciousness across the world (14-15). Globalization can be beneficial in terms of communication and economic trade but also can be very harmful when it comes to sex marketing, trafficking and prostitution. Prostitution is a very controversial topic and is widely debated in different countries. Globally, people are divided into proponents and opponents of legalization of prostitution. This paper is going to research and critically analyze the conflict regarding legalization of prostitution as well as provide a comparative perspective on illegal prostitution in the United States and legal prostitution in Germany. Prostitution is often named as the oldest profession in the world. Even in the times of Bible, prostitution was one of the most common ways for women to earn money. According to American Bible Society, Proverbs 23:27-28 says “for a prostitute...
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...SOCI 1301 Final Exam Review The final exam will cover chapters 1-16 and in class lecture notes. Theorists: Robert K. Merton Erving Goffman Karl Marx Ferdinand Tonnies Theoretical Perspectives: Structural Functionalism Conflict Theory Symbolic Interactionism Matching: Match the following key words with the definitions below. a. Corporate Crime b. Social construction of reality c. Socialization d. Culture e. Culture Shock a. Norms b. Social Control c. Subculture d. Popular Culture e. Cultural Transmission a. Ethnocentrism b. Family c. Status d. Ascribed Status e. Achieved Status a. White Collar Crime 1. __CULTURE___ is the values, beliefs, behavior, and material objects that together from a people’s way of life 2. __CULTURE SHOCK____ is the personal disorientation when experiencing an unfamiliar way of life. 3. __CULTURAL TRANSMISSION___ the process by which one generation passes culture to the next. 4. __NORMS____ are rules and expectations by which a society guides the behavior of its members. 5. ___SOCIAL CONTROL__ is the attempt by society to regulate people’s thought and behavior 6. The term______ refers to cultural patterns that set apart some segment of society’s population. 7. ___POPULAR CULTURE___designates cultural patterns that are widespread among a society’s population. 8. __ETHNOCETRISM____ is the practice of judging another culture by the standards of one’s own culture. ...
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...A. 2 elements 1. Misuse of authority 2. Personal gain B. Corruption is only one form of misconduct or deviant behavior by police C. Occupational deviance 1. Criminal and non-criminal behavior 2. Committed during the course of normal work activities or under guise of police officer authority 3. Includes improper behavior that is not illegal (EX: sleeping on the job) D. Abuse of authority--action by an officer that 1. Injures, insults human dignity 2. And/or violates inherent rights of citizens III. The costs of police corruption A. Criminal activity by a police officer undermines basic integrity of law enforcement B. Corruption usually protects other criminal activity (EX: bribes to protect illegal gambling or drug trafficking) C. Undermines the effectiveness of the criminal justice system 1. Officers routinely testify in court 2. Reputation for dishonesty damages their credibility in criminal cases D. Undermines the professionalism of a police department 1. Corruption encourages police lying to protect other officers 2. Lying can spread to other areas of policing (EX: lying to cover up excessive force) E. Costs taxpayers F. Undermines public confidence in the police IV. Types of corruption A. Gratuities 1. Most common form of police corruption a. free meals b. discounts on other purchases 2. Some departments prohibit gratuities, others do not 3. Mixed motives for business owners a. some cases...
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