...trafficking is the forceful transportation, recruitment, or trade of persons for the purpose of exploitation in such forms as prostitution, slavery, or organ removal. It is a global problem because it is a transnational crime that abuses the human rights of vulnerable immigrants and migrants. My question is: How has globalization contributed to the rise of human trafficking? There are several journal articles that I accessed online that discuss the topic of the globalization of human trafficking. An article called “Globalization and Human Trafficking” from the Journal of Sociology & Social Welfare demonstrates how human trafficking is a global issue in that our globalized world has created increased vulnerability to trafficking, especially due to immigration, migrant labor, and the ease of crossing borders. It is emphasized in the article, “Children for sale: Child...
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...would smuggle themselves on to the ships and travel mainly to China and Singapore, then would begin finding work as prostitutes. In Sex in Japan’s Globalization, Bill Mihalopoulos aims to understand the connection between women, sex, and global expansion in Japan by first negating the concept that the women who worked in brothels were hopeless victims of modernization. While avoiding undermining the exploitation and working conditions the women faced, Mihalopoulos argues how Japan’s economic expansion gave women the opportunity to gain their autonomy and freedom of movement that was not regulated by the government. Drawing from influences by Laura María Agustín, the author states that “migrant sex workers exceed the identity of victim by making visible and legitimate what is denied: the women know what they are doing and can give a good reason for it” (8). From here, Mihalopoulos uses this methodology to challenge current historiography used to research the Japanese sex workers, specifically the use of the term karayuki-san. Originally, the term was used to describe both male and female workers from Kyushu who migrated to mainland Asia in search for work. After Japan entered the global stage, the definition of the term changed to refer to the Kyushu women who found work as prostitutes throughout South- East Asia. As prostitution and brothels started to be associated with criminal offences, the term started to have deprecating meaning. By the 1970s, Japanese feminist writers...
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...undertakings in which children play a part. More specifically, child labor is described as economic undertakings that may be harmful or lethal to the welfare of children. It may be difficult to imagine, where some children are chained to factory floors working in horrific conditions, forced into prostitution or even child-forced soldiers. Unfortunately, some countries do not hold the same values as developed or developing nations, where forced or voluntary child labor is regarded as a form of child abuse. It mostly depends on the type of work and what type of work environment that encircles the child or children (Edmonds & Pavcnik, 2005). Keywords: introduction, poverty, child labor statistics, globalization, conclusion Introduction Generally, child labor is described as a broad term that covers a substantial mixture between and within countries in the nature of undertakings in which children play a part. More specifically, child labor is described as economic undertakings that may be harmful or lethal to the welfare of children. It may be difficult to imagine, where some children are chained to factory floors working in horrific conditions, forced into prostitution or even child-forced soldiers. Unfortunately, some countries do not hold the same values as developed or developing nations, where forced or voluntary child labor is regarded as a form of child abuse. It mostly depends on the type of work and what type of work environment that encircles the child...
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...of coercion, of abduction, of fraud, of deception, of the abuse of power or of a position of vulnerability or of the giving or receiving of payments or benefits to achieve the consent of a person having control over another person, for the purpose of exploitation. Exploitation shall include, at a minimum, the exploitation of the prostitution of others or other forms of sexual exploitation, forced labor or services, slavery or practices similar to slavery, servitude or the removal of organs ( www.unodc.org). Human trafficking has become a major problem worldwide which affects many people it is also a serious crime and a violation in human rights. An estimated 600-800 thousand people are moved unwillingly between international borders each year). There is an even larger number of 12.3 million people who are estimated to be forced to work in agriculture, manufacturing, and the sex trade. A majority of the people forced into labor, especially into the sex trade, are children, most of which are women, at an estimated 1 million children per year. There is a large amount of violence and abuse involved in sex slavery, many times leading to death. Globalization seems to have played a major role in the rise of sex slavery and the sex trade but has also played major roles in efforts to stop it. There has been speculation that the way that human trafficking has been constructed over time is a major problem in the scheme of trafficking. Barbara Sullivan writes that as the debate over trafficking...
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...Globalization & Women Komal (4789) Ruchi (4875) Lavanya (4642) WHAT IS GLOBALIZATION? It is the process of creating languages, services, and products that apply not just to an individual neighbourhood or city or country, but to the whole world. While one interpretation of globalization has to do with equal exchange and sharing of goods and services between countries and cultures, the reality of a globalized world is much different. Globalization is a phenomenon that crosses and erases geographical and political borders and makes all countries start to look the same. As a result of globalization, local products, services, and cultures disappear into a global culture, a culture defined not by the global citizenry but rather the world's economic and political superpowers - mostly North America-owned corporations. How does economic globalization work? Economic globalization is fueled by international trade agreements signed between nations. The goal of these agreements is to get rid of barriers to trade by allowing companies to move their factories to countries with the lowest labour and environmental standards, countries where they can produce their products the cheapest...
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...Exploitation of Women in Prostitution Submitted by: 9 Nadine Bo 27 Isabella Manuel III-Katarungan Submitted to: Miss Josel Cruz March 11, 2013 I. Introduction Many of today’s social issues have been around for hundreds of years. Social issues can be likened to a cancer; a cancer that grows inside but can be fully removed with proper treatment. This includes corruption, poverty, war crimes, racism and human trafficking. Human trafficking has gone far from being unnoticed in its many forms such as prostitution of women and even children. As early as 18th century BC, prostitution has been recognized as a profession. It was a sign of hospitality for the ancient Sumerians, for others it was obligatory for their beliefs and religion. However, man has gone far from the ways of the old. Now, the world is at that point in history where everyone should have learned from ancestors’ accomplishments and failures alike. Prostitution, commonly referred to as “the world’s oldest profession”, must have been solved as a social issue long ago, but similar to other issues it hasn’t been fully eliminated because it is a social problem. Social problems are deeply rooted in the nature of humans and society. As long as there are people willing to understand and work with these women towards social equity, there is a solution. There are efforts to remove prostitution and most of all the exploitation, harassment and abuse of those involved such as legal measures and private organizations...
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...Deviancy: The Prostitute Versus Society S Scott Atkinson SOC3400 Social Deviance 05/02/2014 Sociology in deviance explores the many facets of deviant behavior. Many people look at at deviant behavior from the aspect of the deviant. Exploration of the behavior can be explained through different theories that involve biological, culture, control, and feminist. There are also stages that a deviant personality will go through that explain the reasoning behind their actions and they are as follows: Stage one is "Caught and publicly identified": people begin to question behavior and recognize traits identified as deviant as the persons life begins to change (Adler & Adler, 2012, p.248). Stage two is "Retrospective interpretation": people begin to change their attitude towards the person and start to reflect on previous behaviors (Adler & Adler, 2012, p.248). Stage three is "Spoiled identity": where news begins to spread and their reputation becomes tarnished (Adler & Adler, 2012, p.248). Stage four is "The dynamics of exclusion": where people begin to exclude the individual from non-deviant activities with certain groups (Adler & Adler, 2012, p.248). Stage five is "Include": the person may be invited into deviant groups and circles that support their behavior (Adler & Adler, 2012, p.248). Stage six is "Treat differently" where people who previously treated the person in a positive way...now treats that person...
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...Behaviors o Coercive Sex ▪ Sexual Abuse……………………………………………….. ▪ Sexual Harassment………………………………..…………. ▪ Rape………………………………………………………... ▪ Dowry Deaths…………………………………….…………. o Prostitution………………………………………………...………. o Porn……………………………………………………………….. STDs, HIV/AIDS …………………………………………………………….. Contraception, Abortion, and Population Planning ………………………. References ……………………………………………………………………. Appendix ……………………………………………………………………... The Effects of Globalization on Sexuality in India Abstract: Globalization has an impact on all aspects of life, including the construction, regulation and imagination of sexuality and gender. This paper aims to suggest some of the ways in which this impact is occurring, primarily in India, with some emphasis on questions of HIV, sexual identity, and human and sexual rights. In issues of sexuality, as in other spheres, globalization increases inequalities, acting both as a liberating and oppressive influence. Key Issues: interpersonal heterosexual behaviors; unconventional sexual behaviors; homosexuality; contraception, abortion, population planning; STDs; HIV/AIDS;; The Effects of Globalization on Sexuality in India During the 2002 Gay Games in Sydney a number of...
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...the Exploitation for Prostitution of Others, 1949 was the foremost United Nations instrument that specifically addressed the definition and other related issues of trafficking. This convention was ratified by only 60 countries and remains largely unused and moribund till date. This convention has been regarded as abolitionist in nature by those countries which have legalized or regulated...
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...Introduction/Policy Statement This action memorandum proposes to change the current legislation surrounding the criminalization of women in prostitution within Canada. This memorandum suggests altering the current legislation similar to the ‘Swedish Model,’ through the criminalization of the purchase of sex while decriminalizing the supply in order to protect sex workers’ equal rights and reduce violence against women, specifically those within the sex trade market. Summary The current legislation on prostitution in Canada prohibits the action of prostitution, specifically surrounding the issue of solicitation and the use of public space. Although, it appears that prostitution is legal in Canada, the current law is riddled with arbitrariness, hypocrisy and virtually no enforcement. The current law reflects inherent bias and sexism towards women who decide to work within the sex industry and forces women to work in dangerous isolation, afraid to seek help. This reinforces patriarchal norms that insist women seduce men to the point where they no longer have any self-control, placing societal blame on the woman. This sexism locks women in to prostitution where they are subject to rape, violence or physical and psychological trauma. In Canada, Aboriginal women are over-represented within the sex trade industry because of vulnerability to exploitation driven by poverty. The current legislation does not adhere to the Canadian Charter of Rights and Freedoms, negating women’s right...
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...AIDS AND PROSTITUTION Fighting AIDS in developing countries is not a lost battle! For years, prostitution has been a major theme in discussions about the global AIDS problem. The media often run stories about AIDS that focus on sex workers (individuals who sell sex), and governments and HIV related organizations, frequently talk about prostitution in the context of AIDS. Of course these are related problems because one is the main cause of the other. This epidemic is bigger in developing countries, but it all exist in Europe or U.S.. The biggest difference between both sides of the Equator is the culture which influences the way to face this problem. It is assured that there are other issues which influence it, such as money, education and governments. However, all of them drift from culture countries. Developing countries are faced with a prostitution problem bigger than developed countries. Actually, in developing countries children are sold by their families to bordellos where they are forced to have sex without protection. This is leading to a high probably to be infected by AIDS. On a “TIME” article (Nepal´s lost daughters, “India soiled goods” by Dhruba Adhikary, Katmandu and Maseeh Rahman) we can read a lot of this examples told by people who lived this tragedies. All of them were infected by this disease and all of them were a lot of troubles when return to their families or birthplace because people reject them. They are called by “India´s soiled goods” and...
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...Sex trafficking is an issue that frequently occurs around the world. However, despite how prominent this issue is, currently there are not many solutions to fix it. The solutions that currently exist focus on these issues as an individual problem. Sex trafficking is not an issue that stems from an individual level, but rather is an unforeseen consequence of globalization that furthers gender inequalities because of denied economic opportunities and the increased exposure to violence. Globalization creates populations that become vulnerable to sex trafficking around the world. In order to truly understand the causes of sex trafficking, one must look at the larger issues at hand rather than trying to blame an individual or small group of people....
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...Unlimited access to information is good for our society. Information has power to change our lives. In the last century our generation has transformed in to information society. Information has improved quality of our lives, and it has helped us get beyond the problems that trouble our world. During the mid-90’s internet had a revolutionary impact on information, since then information became information technology. Due to information storing, retrieving, transmitting data is much easier. Certainly, it is difficult to estimate the value of information technology in our society. Furthermore, many fields today highly depend on information technology, and it has opened doors to countless career opportunity for our generation. Information technology is bringing the world closer; there are no linguistic and geographical boundaries when it comes to sharing information. World as we know today has transformed in to global village. Information technology allows us to share information more rapidly and efficiently, in fact today we are able to share ideas with countries that are separated by not only distance but also language. Furthermore, information technology has also made communication cheaper and effective. Before internet existed communication solely dependent on postal and telephone services, but today we have text messaging, emails, video conferencing for instantaneous communication. Information technology has also given business around the world new prospective and possibilities...
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...theory is also true for trafficking for commercial sexual exploitation. Sex trafficking trades people, mainly women and girls, into the commercial sex industry to be used. Sex trafficking has profited billions of dollars into the traffickers in various nations. A nation-state is a term coined to a country that rules themself, has a system of rule, and people and a place to rule over. Even within nation-states, the definition of prostitution and sex work can change dramatically throughout time due to concepts such as social norms. “Both ‘deviant behavior’ and the laws dealing with it are, of course, a product of ‘dramatized social movements’ resting on ‘cultural imagination’ (Ball, 2012, p. 26)....
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...Indecent Occupation (- SAY IT, The Vagina Monolouges- Eve Ensler,2008) Prostitution, pornography or sex work has been in history one of the most demeaned kinds of work. But today there is a drastic change in the way prostitution is viewed. There are demands from every corner about decriminalization of prostitution. In its draft statement ICPR (International Committee For Prostitute’s Rights) states, “Until recently, the women’s movement in most countries has not, or has only marginally, included prostitutes as spokeswoman or theorists. Historically, women’s movement (for example socialist and communist movements) has opposed the institution of prostitution, while claiming to support prostitute women. However, prostitutes reject support that requires them to leave prostitution, they object to being treated as symbols of oppression and demand recognition as workers. Due to feminist hesitation or refusal to accept prostitution as legitimate work and to accept prostitutes as working women, the majority of prostitutes have not been recognised as feminists. Nonetheless many prostitutes identify with feminist values such as independence, financial autonomy, sexual self-determination, personal strength and female bonding.’ In the new discourse demanding the legitimisation of prostitution the however, the institution and the individual is confused. It is one thing to defend the prostitute and a completely different thing...
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