...The Globalization of Prostitution According to Manfred Steger, professor at the University of Hawaii, globalization can be defined as the “intensification of worldwide social relations which link distant localitites in such a way that local happenings are shaped by events occurring many miles away and vice versa” (13). The main characteristics of globalization are the increased amount of global trading, markets’ openings, and inflow and outflow of goods and service (Ditmore, 186). Globalization has four major qualities such as creation of new social networks, stretching of social relations, intensification of social exchanges, and consciousness across the world (14-15). Globalization can be beneficial in terms of communication and economic trade but also can be very harmful when it comes to sex marketing, trafficking and prostitution. Prostitution is a very controversial topic and is widely debated in different countries. Globally, people are divided into proponents and opponents of legalization of prostitution. This paper is going to research and critically analyze the conflict regarding legalization of prostitution as well as provide a comparative perspective on illegal prostitution in the United States and legal prostitution in Germany. Prostitution is often named as the oldest profession in the world. Even in the times of Bible, prostitution was one of the most common ways for women to earn money. According to American Bible Society, Proverbs 23:27-28 says “for a prostitute...
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...Prostitution may be the world's oldest profession, and laws prohibiting prostitution may well be the oldest example of government regulation and government sex discrimination. In a free society, however, all such laws are inappropriate because they violate the basic rights and liberties of the individuals involved. Recent research indicates that “over one million women in the United States earn their living by full-time prostitution. Furthermore, roughly one in every six American men has been a willing client of a prostitute within the past five years (cite1).” This shows that many people, buyers and sellers, are a part of the prostitution profession, so for the United States government to ban prostitution for only a moral reason, and spend millions of tax payers’ dollars on trying to fight a never ending battle with prostitution seems ludicrous. In a free society in which we live in, it makes no sense for the government to be telling people that they cannot charge a fee for harmless services they otherwise are at liberty to give away. This is why Prostitution should be legal. Instead of spending billions on illegalizing prostitution, “the city of Los Angeles alone spends close to 100 million dollars annually dealing with illegal prostitution (cite4)”; the United States government should legalize prostitution. For more reasons than one, prostitution thrives in areas that have a very high crime rate, because of this, police officers and courtrooms are overburdened with these...
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...Prostitution is a phenomenon that can be dated back to the very beginnings of man's history on earth. To the times of the Christian Messiah and of the Islamic messenger; it has existed as long as man was able to conceive and be conceived. Prostitution is defined as “the practice or occupation of engaging in sexual activity with someone for payment”. In other words, it is basically selling sexual pleasures to a person so as to receive money. People hold a general belief that females are the sole practitioners of prostitution; however recent research has shown that males engage in this act as well and in advanced cultures only. Globally, prostitution is shunned upon; in every area except Las Vegas, USA and Red Light District, Holland where the practice of prostitution is legal. (McLeod) Many cultures and religions regard it as profane and a sin but regardless of the general distaste, the practice still exists. The fact that Nigeria is a developing, and one of the most corrupt nations in the world, doesn’t help the matter of prostitution in universities. Due to the weakening economy and widespread corruption, tuition in universities all over the country continues to rise. (McLeod) This constant increase is part of what is forcing these ladies to engage in such nefarious acts. While passing through the streets of Lagos at night, one is likely to find at least ten prostitutes on the side of the road. There are more of them on what can be termed the richer parts of town. Most of...
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...in making Aids a thing of the past," 3.a) Paternalism legislation is currently reflected in South Africa’s legislation against sex work, by trying to protect and prevent sex workers from participating in sexual activities . they have tried to introduce the National Sex Work Sector Plan which is about affirming the right of all South Africans to life, to dignity, to health regardless of their circumstances or jobs. 3.b) Paternalism legislation is opposed by Libertarians because they oppose protecting people from haring themselves. Libertarians believe that it is the individuals own body and will not violate the rights of the individual by forcing them not to take part in any action. As long as the third party is not harmed by these actions. The national effort of arresting new HIV infections will not succeed if sex workers are disempowered, marginalised and stigmatised. Libertarians are against extortion of sex workers. 4.a) The cost-benefit analysis tries to bring about rationality by converting costs and benefits into a monetary term that can easily be compared. The benefits gained to sex workers from prostitution are that they are able to get paid for their work; this amount of money received is what helps them survive. This may be their last resort and would rather put them in harm’s way then just rot on the side of a road. Many prostitutes still get sexual pleasure and this can contribute to a utility. By these women voluntarily taking part in prostitution, many others...
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... 3 3.2. Philippines .............................................................................................. 5 4. Social implications of Sex Industry ............................................................ 8 4.1. Moral Implications ................................................................................ 8 4.2. Child Prostitution .................................................................................. 9 4.3. Sex Trafficking and Slavery ............................................................... 10 4.4. Health and Cost Issues ........................................................................ 11 5. Recommendations ...................................................................................... 14 6. Conclusion ................................................................................................... 17 7. References ................................................................................................... 18 1. Introduction The sex industry involves the sale of sex related adult entertainment and/or services. It involves a wide range of commercial sex work such as prostitution, exotic dancing and pornography amongst others. This industry has now evolved into a global business in the form of sex tourism. This evolution has had significant implications, both socially and economically, in most South East Asian countries over the past three decades. Sex tourism in...
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...prosecuting and jailing these women has been ineffective in reducing the illegal activities. These issues can be addressed by legalizing and regulating the prostitution industry. By using Nevada where brothels are legal as a model for the rest of the country enforcing strict regulations can better protect those victimized by the industry. Legalization of Prostitution Prostitution is often referred to as the world’s oldest profession. According to a survey conducted by ABC News Prime time 15% of all American men have paid for sex and 30% of single men over the age of 30 have paid for sex ("POLL: American Sex Survey - ABC News", 2004). The sex industry is one that affects many American citizens. The National Task Force on Prostitution suggests that over one million people in the US have worked as prostitutes in the United States, or about 1% of American women" (Prostitution in The United States - The Statistics, 2007). Currently prostitution is illegal by Federal law Title 18 Part I Ch.117 Sec. 2422 under “Coercion and Enticement” and can carry up to a 20 year prison sentence ("Title 18 United States Code Crimes and Criminal Procedure", n.d.). There are several arguments as to why prostitution should remain illegal. The three most prominent being that sex work increases violence and crime, spreads communicable diseases like STDs and AIDs, and that sex for money is immoral. However, by legalizing and regulating this taboo industry it can ultimately help the women involved in it. The...
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...Legalizing Prostitution BCOM/275 September 17, 2012 Betty Bernstein Legalizing Prostitution Prostitution is the oldest profession in the world and is a touchy subject for many because it is filled with vagueness’s and double standards. Even the very definition of the word is perplexed now days. Along with the new definition in Webster it’s really hard to figure out exactly what makes prostitution illegal. According to ProCon.org (2012), “We generally think of the transfer of money as the element that makes prostitution a crime (although money plays a subtle part in all sorts of sexual relationships). Yet in a number of states, as well as in Webster's newest dictionary, the definition of prostitution includes not only the exchange of money but also the rather vague concept of promiscuity... for example, forbid[ding] both getting paid for sex and the offering of the body for indiscriminate sexual intercourse without hire.” In the article entitled “Ten Reasons for Not Legalizing Prostitution and a Legal Response to the Demand for Prostitution” the author, Janice G. Raymond expounds on the topic of prostitution and reasons not to legalize the profession. The article is very informative and brings up some valid points and evidence to support her theories. Two of the reasons that were listed in the article lacked credibility, reliability, and validity. The reason in the article that Raymond lacked these things was reason number six, which basically stated that she interviewed...
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...rights they are granted by the government. A prime example of this is the right to do what you want with your body, as long as you don’t hurt anybody else. This is considered a basic human right and is provided for in the constitution. One example of where you should be able to do whatever you want with your body is prostitution. The government always has too much power over our health. It can draft us and make us go into internment camps like the Japanese in WW2. It certainly shouldn’t say whether or not we have the right to pay for sex with a consenting adult. For women its all they can do in order to break themselves of being poverty stricken sometimes. So who are we to deprive them of their right to do whatever they want with their body? It could be the only thing that keeps them from feeding there family from a dumpster. Nevertheless, the government doesn’t care about that, all it cares about is regulating something it sees as supposedly “bad,” that is paying for sex. One of the benefits of legalizing prostitution would be that the government would actually be able to regulate it. This would make it a more supervised practice, so it wouldn’t spread AIDS and herpes and other diseases. The prostitutes could be tested just like they are tested in places where it is legal, such as Las Vegas. The cold hard fact is that by putting a restriction on the solicitation of sex the government essentially is putting a restriction on ones personal freedoms. A state of being...
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...1. Introduction: ECPAT (End Child Prostitution, Child Pornography and Trafficking of Children for Sexual Purposes) has described a clear idea about child prostitution. According to ECPAT (End Child Prostitution, Child Pornography and Trafficking of Children for Sexual Purposes), which became prominent in the late twentieth century for its work toward the elimination of child prostitution, child pornography, and trafficking of children for sexual purposes, defines child prostitution as "the use of a child in sexual activities for remuneration or any other consideration." According to UN Human Rights Commission (1989) “Child Prostitution” refers to the sexual exploitation of a child for remuneration in cash or in kind, usually but not always organized by an intermediary (parent, family member, procurer, teacher, etc.). Around the world today, there is a human right crisis of sexual abuse of millions of women, children and thousands of men in the prostitution & other form of sexual abuse. Child prostitution is the major part of total prostitution. Children are also involved in prostitution when they engage in sex in return for basic needs such as food, shelter or safety, or pocket money to purchase consumer goods. My paper explores the criminological factors associated with child prostitution in Bangladesh such as human trafficking and child prostitution, forced into prostitution, street children, broken home, social reintegration, livelihood and poverty, marital ...
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...PUBLIC ISSUE IN MALAYSIA PROSTITUTION IN MALAYSIA In Malaysia, prostitution is the illegal activities run by the irresponsible party. But in other Asian country, prostitution is legal because it is contribute in the economic growth like in China, Indonesia, Vietnam, Myanmar, and the Philippines. Prostitutes in Malaysia majority are from neighbouring countries, because of human trafficking done by the irresponsible party that bring illegal immigrant to Malaysia and force or voluntary work as sex worker. This illegal activities infamous red-light hotspot is at Petaling Street, Jalan Alor, Chow Kit, Jalan Sultan Ismail, Jalan Bukit Bintang, Jalan Hicks, Brickfields and Jalan Imbi, where they provided sex services. Furthermore, in the modern age they make the sex services available online with the help of social media like Facebook, Wechat, Whatapps as their medium. Teh Wei Soon. Friday, 10 October 2014. http://www.malaysiandigest.com/features/522410-prostitution-in-malaysia-a-taboo-subject-that-is-surprisingly-big-business.html . To overcome this issue, one of the solution needed by the government is to enforce the law. Those who run prostitution shall be imprisoned and given counselling to them. Laws must also be taken over the customers who subscribe to prostitutes. For example, in Malaysia for a Muslim who subscribe prostitutes may be prosecuted for committing sin. This is because people will fear with the laws and they will follow and try to avoid the activities that opposite...
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...are used as maids or in other forms of extreme labor. Even worse, are the countries that allow prostitution and trafficking. In Japan prostitution is not legal but highly tolerated. Unlike Japan, some countries, such as the Netherlands, have legalized prostitution. However, their government says it is making efforts to regulate it. The girls undergo regular health exams and pay taxes. They are taken to fenced-in parking lots where they are put on display for men to pick one of their likings. All of it is courtesy of the government. While many national and international organizations are making efforts to fight human trafficking, it is still booming in much of Europe. The U.S. has also taken a stand against it by encouraging other countries to take steps towards improvement. However, the fight can not be won easily. Discussion In our “fairytale” lives we rarely take the time to acknowledge the injustices taking place in our world today. Human trafficking is just one of many. We cannot begin to comprehend its impact on the lives of those involved. Stealing the humanity of millions of people, human trafficking destroys lives and continues to do so. Human trafficking is a form of modern-day slavery that is present in every country, including the United States. (Children for Sale, 2005) Everyday women and children are kidnapped, bought, sold, and forced into prostitution and other forms of extreme labor. They are given little food and no...
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...Against Legalizing Prostitution in Country like Indonesia There is an ongoing and intense debate surrounding decriminalizing prostitution. Some countries, such as The Netherlands, Canada and Australia have legalized Prostitution. They argue that the legalization of prostitution brings more good than harm, and so far people see that good things such as an increase in country’s gross domestic product and economic output from those country is happening. But, that’s just a glance of external view out of a lot of things that really happened inside of the country that legalize prostitution itself, such as morale issue and women trafficking. This writing will boldly show and explains the arguments against legalizing prostitution and why a country like Indonesia should not legalize prostitution. Some people, whom agree to legalize prostitution, come up with arguments that from their point of view will bring more goods than bad. First, they argue that legalizing prostitution will decrease the number of sexual harassment and rape. They believe that by the legalization of prostitution, it will reduce the number of unwanted sex since it is now woman’s choice to get in to the business of prostitution or not and it will not be called as rape if both parties are willing to have sex. Second, It will be better and safer for sex-workers if prostitution was legalized and regulated. This point argue that if prostitution was legalized then there will be less crimes against (un-legalized) prostitutes...
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...Define Prostitution. 1. The act or practice of engaging in promiscuous sexual relations especially for money. 2. Prostitution is the business or practice of engaging in sexual relations in exchange for payment or some other benefit. Prostitution is sometimes described as commercial sex. Why is there a need for its legalization? Simple Answer: It will give a lot of benefits for the prostitute, the client and the society. For the prostitute herself/himself and the client: 1. It will encourage cleaner working conditions. Prostitutes will have to apply for licenses; they will have to get a health certificate. Thus, they will have to get vaccines and mandatory tests in order to continue working. 2. Legalizing prostitution protects prostitutes--they can bargain for better pay, better health benefits, social security, etc. For the society: 1. If licensing is mandatory, then the prostitutes will have to be of age. Child prostitution will decrease. 2. Crime rate will also decrease esp. rape and murder. Proof: "It is estimated that if prostitution were legalized in the United States, the rape rate would decrease by roughly 25% for a decrease of approximately 25,000 rapes per year...." 3. Legalizing prostitution will make sure that the spread of STDs especially of HIV/AIDS will be checked. 4. It will increase tax revenues. Conclusion It drives it underground, and when it's driven underground, criminality, the trafficking of women, and drugs are under...
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...Human trafficking is the fastest increasing criminal industry in today’s world, coming in second after illegal drug-trade. This type of slaver has been traced back to the ancient Mesopotamian and Mediterranean civilization and has continued to grow. What is human trafficking? Commonly referred to as "modern-day slavery" is the illegal trade of human beings for forced labor or for exploitation. Exploitation referring to the using others for prostitution or other forms of sexual exploitation, forced labor or services, slavery, or the removal of organs. Woman and young children living in poverty are the ones who usually fall in the trap of the traffickers. Due to poverty many woman are not educated and are no employed leaving them with no choice but to sell their bodies to provide for their families. An approximate of 17,500 foreigners are trafficked each year in the United States alone, the number of United States citizens trafficked within the United States are even higher. Human trafficking is a near-guaranteed death due HIV and AIDS woman are infected with. Government around the world are just beginning to address this problem and have realized just how strong this type of slavery has become. Poverty is the leading cause in human trafficking. It has been documented that poverty leads to a lack of education leading to no employment and that leading to sex trafficking by fighting poverty many believe that there will be an end to sex trafficking too. Woman living in poverty countries...
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...had introduce herself, develop rapport and do open and finished interviews that allowed informants to demonstrate herself about their lives. She had to learn not depend on most people she met at the place even though it was benefit for her and study of prostitutes. Like most cultural anthropologists, Sterk's goal was to describe the life of prostitution from the women's point of view. To do this, she had to be patient, brave, trustworthy, and non-judgmental. Fieldwork is a moderate development, because it takes time to earn people's confidence and to learn their language...
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