...Puritans ________________________________________ England was catholic, and the Catholic Church was the dominant. Henry IIIV broke up with the Catholic Church because he wanted to devote and his wife was the Ant of the holy Roman emperor. So he requested from John Calvin and Martin Ruther to give him a new religion. So The Protestants started by John Calvin and Martin Ruther, but England remained catholic for awhile it is only after 20 years they created protestant. Then became the protestant Anglican (English brand) Henry was not interested in protestant or Catholics, he just wanted to devote. A sect came out from protestant which called puritans, they were strict, and no one can stand them especially Henry IIIV because they did not like his acts. So he gave them the charter that allowed them to occupy America and make it land for them. The most important purpose of their colonization is to incite the native; they said that they want to convert Indians so they want to put teeth on it. However this is not the real purpose, they just wanted the land. England announced their right before they even reach America. They attacked the Indians without a warning and the murdered a lot, and any land without a house and farm is free for them to take. They forbid the Indians from doing their Rituals because it is sorcery as they said! This case led to war, Indian had to have a reaction, so it led to violence. The revolution ____________________________ England was biased to English...
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...happened when Martin Luther wrote the 95 Theses in an effort to question the Catholic religion and specifically indulgences. Martin Luther became enraged when informed of the practices of the church to receive “gifts” in return for forgiveness of one’s sins. Martin Luther’s 95 Theses affected several aspects of history including the Protestant Reformation. However, what would have happened if Martin Luther was assassinated before putting up the 95 Theses? We will never really know how this change could have affected history but this is an idea. Martin Luther is assassinated in 1519 and unfortunately his complaints were never put forward. One obvious aspect is that the religion Protestant might have never existed although there were many other reformers who were tired of the Catholic ways which is why his theses spread through Europe so quickly. The Catholic Church would have continued to accept indulgences to simply pay for people’s expenses and loans. Martin Luther’s reason for the 95 Theses was not to offend the Pope but to deny him the right to forgive sins. After his Theses, Catholic was reformed and therefore creating Protestant. Johann Tetzel, a Dominican friar and papal commissioner for indulgences, was sent to Germany by Pope Leo X to sell 'indulgences' to raise money to rebuild St Peter's Basilica in Rome. He knew that the other 50% was to go to Albrecht, who had recently bought his position as archbishop of Mainz - he needed the money to...
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...A Brief Talk on Protestant Reformation It was on the night before All Saints’ Day on which one of the largest crowds of the year would gather to see the relics which was rebuilt with the money came from the sale of indulgence in Wittenberg, Germany, Martin Luther posted on the door of the castle church his Ninety-five Theses, the Protestant Reformation began. That time was to some extent influenced by the Renaissance. On the one hand, the humanist called for a return to the study of classics and accurate texts, people applied recovery techniques to the study of the authorities and texts of the Church, prospering the printing industry by the large demand and flourishing the intellectual movement known as Christian humanism. A growing sense of individual accomplishment let people emphasize on good works, the obsession with original sin and salvation among the people imposed by the church made indulgence so popular. These factors spread the religion more widely and consolidated the status of Catholic Church. On the other hand, through the study of classical texts, people intended to believe the equality of everyone before God and questioned the use of indulgences which the church didn’t want to see. With the help of printing press, the new idea of church dispersed quickly. Besides, the princes wanted to centralized more power and money for the development of the social economy. The Church itself was always involved in the corruption scandal such as simony, nepotism, pluralism...
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...Why were Puritans perceived a threat in the Elizabethan period? Puritans were perceived a threat during the Elizabethan period due to a number of reasons. One of the most recognizable objects of the Puritans that could be perceived as a real threat to Elizabeth, was their belief in taking the title and offices from the Bishops. They also gave rise to threatening Elizabeth’s power through their attempts to reform the Church through parliament. Due to Elizabeth’s religious settlement at the time being neither Catholic nor Protestant, rise of a hugely exaggerated protestant religion could of have serious percussions including a Catholic rebellion against Elizabeth. The Puritans belief in taking the titles and riches from Bishops, creating Bishops centered on a spiritual life only created a serious potential threat to Elizabeth. Thomas Cartwright lectured in Cambridge University in 1535-1602 of the abolition of Bishops power and titles along with other Puritan beliefs. Thomas’s beliefs left little room for Elizabeth’s Supreme Governship and his idea of clearing the power of the Bishops lead to several threats towards Elizabeth’s power. Having Catholic leaning, rich, powerful Bishops meant if it were advisable for reasons of foreign policy to minimize the differences between the Church of England and the continual Catholic Church having a shared institution of episcopy would help a great deal. Elizabeth was also keen on keeping tradition. Her Father, Henry VIII had never discarded...
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...Greece/Rome 1. Nelson Mandela- The black president of South Africa who used the Springboks rugby team to help people unite after the end of an apartheid between blacks and whites 2. Boers- Farmers who descend from Southern Africa 3. Oligarchy- a government in which power is in the hands of a few people-especially one in which rule is based upon wealth 4. Aristocracy- A government in which power is in the hands of a hereditary ruling class of nobility 5. Democracy- A government in which decisions are based upon either directly from the people or through representatives 6. Monarchy- A government in which one person, or monarch, is in power 7. Republic- A form of government in which power is in the hands of representatives and leaders are elected by citizens who have the right to vote 8. 12 Tables- Basis for Roman Law written on tablets and established the idea that all free citizens had a right to the protection of the law 9. Consul-One of the two powerful officials is elected each year to command the army and direct a government 10. Tribunes- An official elected by the plebeians to protect their right, themselves were patricians 11. Social Contract theory- The agreement by which people define and limit their own individual rights, thus creating an organized society or government 12. Justinian- Responsible for the Byzantine Empire, the emperor, who also moved the capital to Byzantine 13. Hagia Sophia- the greatest Christian building in the Byzantine empire The Middle...
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...Week 7 Assignment: Christianity, History and Practice your name here HUM/130 2/12/02 Terry Barnes Sources: www.biography.com/people/jesus-christ-9354382 www.theopedia.com/Church_history our textbook Jesus Christ has many great stories behind him. These stories are called miracles, depending on who you ask. Yet, one thing cannot be denied, and that is that Jesus Christ did exist and his influence is still felt by the Catholic faith. Jesus Christ was born in approximately 6 AD in Bethlehem, from his parents Mary and Joseph. Yet, according to the faith, his actual father is God. Jesus was conceived by the Holy Spirit, as Mary was a virgin. Joseph, his legal father, was a carpenter who made furniture with his hands. Jesus would also become a carpenter later on in his life. Some of these points are argued between religions, yet I am not going to touch on it in this paper. His childhood is shrouded in mystery, as there are little to no records of his life during his childhood and early teenage years. Many argued that he did not initially except his role or fate as God’s only son and lived a life like any other would at the time. You can even look in the Bible for such a hypothesis, as the stories of his life suddenly jump from age 16 to age 30. Where are the missing texts that chronicle his life during these missing fourteen years? This is what many claim that he rejected his “destiny” or found it all too big to cope with. Later...
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...HIST 3335 The European Reformation Research Essay Submitted by: Terra Fillmore (201470549) Submitted to: Dr. David Clemis Bissett School of Business Mount Royal University April 12, 2013 The beginning of the 16th century marked a time in which the Roman Catholic Church controlled a large portion of the political, social, and religious influence in Europe. During this century individuals within the Church were looking towards a more pure and simple Christian lifestyle, but in doing so would have to work against the Church. England, in comparison to the rest of Europe, was more so isolated and distant and while Protestantism grew in the European society it took a far different shape in England. This was because England retained much of the principles and the practices of Catholicism. In addition, whilst the Reformation that took place in Europe was brought on by religious differences and ideals, its basis in England was one of personal and political change. The Reformation in England was centuries in the making and resulted from many merging forces. It was in the 1530’s that the statutes of Henry VIII began to collate an official break from the papal authority of Rome. The 16th century proved to be a boisterous period in the history of England. The uncertainty associated with the stability and religious beliefs of the government were crucial factors in the unclear identity of England until the 1600's. As is often the case with defining periods in history, timing...
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...Difference between Puritan and Separatist A puritan is a person who believes that the church has fallen out of its way and continuously seeks better ways of worship. On the other hand, a separatist seeks to break away from the conventional church practice and establish new ways of worship. A common characteristic of the Puritans and the separatists is that they were protestant groups from the Church of England. However, there exist some differences between the two (Mackenal 22). The puritans came into being in the 1560s with the dissenting view that even though the English Church had reformed, it still had a lot of Catholicism. Therefore, the puritans wanted to move away from the severe forms of Catholicism and re-energize their faith and religion. On their part, the separatists also found fault with the Church of England in that it was too much of the Catholic Church, all in terms of worship and governance. Both the puritans and the separatists wanted to reform the Church of England but differed in the mode of doing the reforms. Whereas the puritans wanted to change the church from within, the separatists wanted to change the church from outside of it (Adair 67). The puritans believed that a clean heart was necessary in order to execute the will of God. They believed in the sin of recreation and they considered that it was their duty to dedicate time to God. As well, they stressed that the person to head the church should be a spiritual leader as opposed to...
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...“The French word Renaissance, meaning “rebirth,” was first used in the nineteenth century to describe the period from the early fifteenth century to the middle of the next century” (Benton & DiYanni, 2008, p. 307). The Renaissance not only was a time when scholars became more interested in studying ancient scholars and the world around them but it also had an impact on art forms such as paintings, sculptures and architecture. The social roles and similarities during the Italian and Northern European Renaissance are the flourishing of the arts under powerful and wealthy families such as the Medici’s of Florence and in the north Philip the Good as well as many others. In both Northern and Southern Europe there was a strong desire to reconnect with the ancient past of the Greco/Roman world this desire extended beyond just ideals in art but also to philosophy and politics. The artistic endeavors of both the Northern and Southern Renaissance were dominated by their shared Christian faith, we can see examples of this in Jan Van Eyck’s Ghent “Altar Piece” (Benton & DiYanni, 2008, p. 353) at Saint Bavon Cathedral an ingenious polyptych painting which uses multiple panels to depict a religious scene an exciting blend of the Northern inventive spirit of the age and ancient faith. The works of the Italian Renaissance were also dominated by this Christian outlook possibly the most famous piece of art in the world Michelangelo’s Sistine Chapel full of religious imagery while also boldly proclaiming...
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...Assess the view that the Roman Catholics were a serious threat to Elizabeth I and the church she established. Despite the fact that some Catholics did pose a threat towards the Elizabethan Church, this was never serious or organised enough to abolish the church and threaten the Queen. Many historians such as Diarmiad MacCulloch, Christopher Haigh, Wallace MacCaffrey and Alan Dures have engaged in debate about this topic, coming to different conclusions. As some historians such as MacCulloch and Haigh argue, the Roman Catholics were never a serious threat to the church because it was merely an upper class movement under the missionaries, and was unable to influence the masses. On the other hand, MacCaffrey and Dures have argued that the Catholics were a real threat to the church as Elizabeth’s attempts to suppress opposition were unsuccessful, and there were many serious plots against her life. As this difference in opinion shows, there are a range of opinions as to whether events such as the arrival of Mary Queen of Scots, the 1570 Papal Bull of Excommunication and the 1583 Throckmorton Plot were serious threats towards the church itself. Furthermore, the threat to the Elizabethan Church differs amongst different groups of Catholics, as the Jesuits arguably posed more of a threat than more mediocre groups such as the Church Papists. Nevertheless, although some Catholics did pose a serious threat to the church, this was not the case for the majority of Elizabeth’s reign. As...
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...HISTORY OF CRC I attend a church with the denomination of CRC. The CRC technically came from the Netherlands. But we can’t really be called a Dutch because there are members from all over ethnic areas from Koreans to Hispanics to mosaic. The early church was one in body, one single denomination. But soon views began to change and the church eventually split in two. The Eastern and the Western churches. In 1517 the Protestant Reformation spit the Roman church into several new branches. Among these new branches came the Lutheran church, guided under Martin Luther. Another branch broke off influenced by a different man, this man was Ulrich Zwingli and then later it became John Calvin. This branch was typically referred to as “Presbyterian” or “Reformed”. Reformed churches were very prosperous in the Netherlands and eventually some of these Dutch Reformed people migrated over to the United States, and began the Christian Reformed Church in North America in the year 1857. GREAT HISTORY John Calvin is a very very important person in the Christian Reformed Church’s history. “In a nutshell, these all center on the sovereignty of God. The biblical teachings of predestination and election give us comfort because they assure us that no one and nothing, not even our own bad choices, can snatch us out of God's hand. And the realization that God owns all of creation and continues to assert his rule over it gives us a sure hope for the future.” (crna.org) His teachings spread...
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...Liberty University Research Paper The Origin of Anabaptist Submitted to Dr. Jerry Sutton “Church History” – CHHI 694 By Jonathan Whitfield August 11, 2013 Table of Content Thesis Statement 3 Introduction 4 Origins 5 History 7 Beliefs 10 Rituals and Worship 12 Ethics and Community 13 Conclusion 15 Bibliography 16 Thesis Statement The Anabaptists were distinct because of their assertion of the necessity of adult baptism, rejecting the infant baptism practiced by the Roman Catholic Church, and by defining their characteristics in the belief in the separation of church and state, and the concept that the church represents the community of the saved. Introduction Four hundred seventy years ago the Anabaptist movement was launched with the inauguration of believers' baptism and the formation of the first congregation of the Swiss Brethren in Zurich, Switzerland. The movement was formed to give men and women the opportunity to follow the whole Word of God by the virtues thought by Jesus Christ. This movement also gave a significant stance of issues that were pertinent to their beliefs and the local community. In our view of such participation we would call them dominant and forceful especially when it came to the questions on slavery. This was more than just an active voice, they responded to slavery by assisting the escape efforts of...
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...their personal customs and backgrounds, to his or her individual perception. So consequently Dr. McGrath labels his work Christianity’s Dangerous Idea. This model is seen inside the new Protestant reformation of the 16th and 17th centuries. Instead of a lone united Protestant society, it became an assembly of quite a few diverse “Protestants” emerging in a variety of places, acclimatizing examples and believing from those foundations. Brief Summary: Despite the fact that some Protestant societies presently have “immobilized” the arrangements of previous generations, some has opened up the reserved the system, and have tailored themselves swiftly to their surroundings. These subsequent assemblies more constantly mirror the brilliance of Protestantism, writes Dr. McGrath. His work is separated into three major segments. The 1st segment speaks to, “Origination,” [p. 15] tracks the record of the progress beginning with the German, Swiss, French, and English Reformers, particularly Luther along with Calvin, during the disputes of European traditions and accounts, to its development into the United States up throughout the 19th century. Essentially, the review is swift and frequently shallow. The 2nd segment, “Manifestation,” [p.197] reviews the main convictions and arrangements in use by Protestants. A variety of chapters speaks to the theological outlook of the Word of God, and important teachings concerning humanity and salvation, the church and...
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...body to jump out of the water onto land. The reason he needed to get out of water because of all the predators in the area and the ability to move to locations where predators couldn’t move made it possible for him to alive. Catholic Theology Understand the Sacraments as “means of Grace” By Melissa Robinson Saint Leo University REL 123 Christian Spiritual Vision Dr. Richard H. Cobble The Sacraments are between the most evident forms of obvious outward show in Christianity coming as they do with major differences, both in number and in practice. I will explain the theological and historical background, and their significance in the continuing life of the church. The focus will be on two main sacraments as practiced in Protestant Christianity, verse Baptism and Holy Communion “means of grace”. The early church acknowledged many practices which in some way expressed the “mystery’ (Greek: mysterion) of the Christian belief. (McGrath). Albl, points out from the beginning, a union was between the Sacraments of Baptism and Holy Communion and the mystery of God’s saving work in Christ (Albl 56-100). Translated the Greek term to into Latin, by using sacramentum, a worked which in a worldly sense meant an oath of commitment, for example the kind that a soldier might make to his commander in charge. Augustine a 4th century theologian of Hippo defined a sacrament as an “outward and visible sign of an inward and invisible grace. (McGrath) In spite of this definition...
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...de-emphasize the importance or necessity of a rigidly hierarchical, ordained priesthood in the Christian Church. His religious persecutions were carried out in the name of that Via Media. Catholics were persecuted largely on the grounds of political subversion–as allegiance to the Papacy was seen not as a legitimate religious conviction, but rather as a political sentiment which led to the subversion of the new English regime, which sought absolute independence from all human powers outside its borders. Catholics were also persecuted on grounds of "superstition"–i.e. for praying to saints and to the Virgin Mary, and for believing in the holy power of relics. Protestants, on the other hand, were persecuted for denying several teachings that the Church of England upheld as fundamental to true religion. The king viewed Protestant beliefs as subversive not to the political order, but to the moral and spiritual order, and hence they were punished not for treason but for heresy, usually by burning at the...
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