...The United States Through Industrialism Brings Learning Alive! Teachers’ Curriculum Institute 1 Introduction I n this reading, you will learn about the Age of Exploration. This period of discovery lasted from about 1418 to 1620. During this time, European explorers made many daring voyages that changed world history. A major reason for these voyages was the desire to find sea routes to east Asia, which Europeans called the Indies. When Christopher Columbus sailed west across the Atlantic Ocean, he was looking for such a route. Instead, he landed in the Americas. Columbus thought he had reached the Indies. In time, Europeans would realize that he had found what they called the ”New World.” European nations soon rushed to claim lands in the Americas for themselves. Early explorers often suffered terrible hardships. In 1520, Ferdinand Magellan set out with three ships to cross the Pacific Ocean from South America. He had guessed, correctly, that the Indies lay on the other side of the Pacific. But Magellan had no idea how vast the ocean really was. He thought his crew would be sailing for a few weeks at most. Instead, the crossing took three months. While the ships were still at sea, the crew ran out of food. One sailor wrote about this terrible time. “We ate biscuit… swarming with worms…. We drank yellow water that had been putrid [rotten] for days... and often we ate sawdust from boards.” Why did explorers brave such dangers? In this reading, you will discover some of...
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...examination of two documents from Eric Foner’s Voices of Freedom reader – Vol I and their relevance to the historical point in time in American History. Taxation was stirring sharp conflict between Great Britain and the British colonists of North America in the mid-18th century. The British colonists of North America lived under a quasi-self-government created in the early 1600’s. Powerful men in the colonies established their own devices and alliances for the raising and spending of money. The arguments of liberty and freedom were to become the tenets of choice in their debate to defend this power. This paper will explore this argument through the Virginia Resolutions on the Stamp Act (1765) from the House of Burgesses, and a resolution from the Sons of Liberty of New York City (1773). Their writings are tempered only by the politeness of the society of learned men, but let no one doubt that they took affront to the loss in authority and the economic impact of recent taxation decisions by Great Britain. The House of Burgesses was established in 1619 as a representative body to govern in a legislative assembly and was created by the Virginia Company to make conditions more amenable by encouraging English craftsman to settle in North America. The Virginia Company set up a system of self-government which was composed of an appointed governor from London, a group of six citizens appointed by the governor, and an elected group of representatives primarily from the wealthier land owning...
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...Criticism on Porter's national diamond model resolves around a number of assumptions that underlie it. As described by Davies and Ellis: "sustained prosperity may be achieved without a nation becoming 'innovation-driven', strong 'diamonds' are not in place in the home bases of many internationally successful industries and inward foreign direct investment does not indicate a lack of 'competitiveness' or low national productivity". In his famous book, The Competitive Advantage of Nations, Porter studied eight developed countries and two newly industrialized countries (NICs). The latter two are Korea and Singapore. Porter is quite optimistic about the future of the Korean economy. He argues that Korea may well reach true advanced status in the next decade (p. 383). In contrast, Porter is less optimistic about Singapore. In his view, Singapore will remain a factor-driven economy (p. 566) which reflects an early stage of economic development. Since the publication of Porter's work, however, Singapore has been more successful than Korea. This difference in performance raises important questions regarding the validity of Porter's diamond model of a nation's competitiveness. Porter has used the diamond model when consulting with the governments of Canada[4] and New Zealand.[5] While the variables of Porter's diamond model are useful terms of reference when analysing a nation's competitiveness, a weakness of Porter's work is his exclusive focus on the 'home base' concept. In the case...
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...In “An American in Mexico” Alex Espinoza tries to connect to his vague memory of his Mexican roots. After thirty years of living in California; Espinoza travels back to Mexico to find a part of him-self, and clarity on the lifestyle his family once lived. When he arrived in Mexico, Espinoza was astonished by the poorness, and great contrast of the bare four brick walls his family lived in. In comparison to his modern childhood home in California where pretty much everything was well developed and organized. Espinoza wanted to understand the life his elder family had lived in Mexico, but all he had was blank memories, and old pictures. Alex Espinoza tries to express that in order to connect to something you must truly experience it for yourself. After reading this essay, I realized that I can relate to Espinoza in many ways. Many people go through the same kind of problem, and it is hard for us to have a clear identity of our background because we can barely remember how were our lives when we were infants, the place we lived in, or the people we used to hang out with. When you move to a developed country with all the facilities, and a different language it is very hard to keep two different cultures on the same page. Going back after so many years to a place that u didn’t spend much time in is not going to give us the feeling of being home, even when we know that our family lived there for many...
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...After centuries of the United States Government ignoring and mistreating the Indigenous people of this land, the Alcatraz occupation in 1969 led by righteous college students, became the longest Indian occupation of federal ground in the history of the United States and a landmark for Indian self-determination. The documentary, Alcatraz is Not an Island, describes the occupation that made Alcatraz a symbol for Indigenous people as motivation to stand up against the cruelty that they have experienced since the arrival of the Europeans. Hence the name of the film, Alcatraz can be seen as an inspiration for Indigenous people rather than an island. The first attempt to occupy Alcatraz took place in 1964 when a group of four Native Americans landed on the island and claimed it for four hours before the coast guard removed them. This became the inspiration for a group of San Francisco State students to attempt an occupation of their own in 1969. When attempting to make it to the island, only one boat agreed to assist the Native American's in their occupation. They were not able to dock on the island, but, Richard Oaks became the leader of the group when he jumped off the boat and swam to the island. After this brief occupation Richard Oaks returned to San Francisco and began to recruit people to join the movement. Oaks went to UCLA where eighty students agreed to join the movement. On November 20, 1969 a group of one-hundred Native Americans set sail from Sausalito and landed on Alcatraz...
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...In politics, average English people living in North America think colonies are independent from Britain. Especially after the Glorious Revolution happens, individual colonies re-establish, which shows their intention to be separated from the British’s government. They regard themselves as American but not English. However typical English people still think Britain is taking control of the colonies in America and they think that English people living in colonies are inferior to them. Furthermore, their opinions about government are quite different either. English people in North America think that government should not be related with churches, which means church membership should not interfere with government’s decisions. They share the idea that land ownership, not church membership is required to vote. And they think it’s fairer to elect governors than appoint. But on the other hand, typical English people hold the opinion that bishops have the authority to participate in the politics and it’s all right for them to make important decisions. They think religion membership can be parts of the government. In religion, average English people living in North America think that there’s possibility for religion diversity. Like the Quaker Liberty, they believe that liberty is a universal entitlement and religious freedom is a fundamental principle. People shouldn’t be punished if their religions are different than others. However, typical English people still have no tolerance for...
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...acknowledged in the References section. I have obtained written permission from the copyright holder for any trademarked material, logos, images from the Internet, or other sources. I further agree that my name typed on the line below is intended to have, and shall have, the same validity as my handwritten signature. Student’s signature (name typed here is equivalent to a signature): ________Keisha Johnson______________________________ American Identity Paper 2 American Identity Paper What distinguishes an American from a European, according to Crevecoeur? People traveled to North America for freedom of religion, government, farming, trading, and economically. According to Crevecoeur’s letter, the new land brought hope to the people; everyone who came shared at least one goal, to develop a new society and to live in freedom.” It is not composed, as in Europe, of great lords who possess everything, and of a herd of people who have nothing. Here are no aristocratical families, no courts, no kings, no bishops, no ecclesiastical dominion, no invisible power giving to a few a very visible one; no great manufacturers employing thousands, no great refinements of luxury. The rich and...
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...accompanied by monetary compensation, a dinner, and glass plaque to recognize the employees who has gone above and beyond his or her responsibilities; making noticeable contributions to the success of the company. Within the North American regions the reward system are based on financial needs, social status, job contents, career, and professional according to the Helen Deresky in International Management: Managing across Borders and Cultures in 2011. Within our Hong Kong office the reward system is based on seniority, which is the total opposite of how the North American region would go about motivating their employees. “Clearly, then, managers must use persuasive strategies to motivate employees when they do not readily connect their personal work behaviors with outcomes or productivity” (Deresky, 2011, p. 390). Hong Kong employees believe outcome is based on luck whereas North American employees believe hard work will help him or her get closer to rewards such as promotions. Consultants should use this knowledge of the reward systems within different cultures or countries to develop a program that will encourage increased productivity and performance. Developing cultural awareness should be conducted base on the motivational traits within that culture. In North America, employees might be willing to accept and participate in cultural awareness if the benefits align with his or her needs. Hong Kong employees might be willing to accept and participate cultural awareness if the benefits...
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...In the Conniff, Part I Preface, the author basically summary the book which is about African diaspora in the Americas. It includes African Americans’ individuality and personality. It “fills the continents from north to south and at all points in between”. Moreover, the book also include about global history and as well as the multicultural in classroom. In order to do so, many people contributed to finish the book, there are over fifteen main scholars and many reviewers who combine their ideas together to create the book. All of that said, the book is a combination of many people ideas, experience and surveys. Therefore it is a reliable book to read and study. Last but not lease, the author does not forget to explain to the reader more about the language term in the book to avoid misunderstanding between the author and reader. After reading the preface of the book, I feel that this should be a good book to read to understand more about African American culture and there living style. It should provide me a better view on African Americans’ individuality and personality. Furthermore, the preface mentions about the relations between Africa, Europe, and African American. That should be an interesting topic that I am looking forward to study about. I want to know more about African American normal life, their advantage and disadvantage when they live in America through the racism between black and white. That is the reason why the history of the civil rights interested me. After...
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...Corporate and Business Strategy Week 6 Case Discussion: Shangri-La Hotels (HBS 9-108-006) What is Shangri-La’s corporate strategy? Has it been successful? Why? To maintain “Shangri-La Hospitality” standards in the midst of rapid expansion from Asia to Europe, Australia and North America. Shangri-La different itself through its excellent Service model known as the “Shangri-La Hospitality” that is based on traditional Asian hospitality. There are around five core principles: respect, humility, courtesy, helpfulness and sincerity. Each of the principle is adapted to the local culture and practices. Delegation of Authority (used the 5-level organizational design) to group the employees into 5 tiers. Each level has separate guidelines, discretion and the amount of money they can use to handle customer requests that were outside normal operational guidelines. It works in other parts of the world but has difficulty in implementing it in China. Training facility “Shangri-La Academy” was set up to standardize the training and to maintain consistent service quality across Shangri-La hotels for a rapidly growing workforce (from 10,000 to 19,000) almost 90% growth. What are Shangri-La’s strategic growth portfolio. What are the assumptions and competitive bases for such a rapid expansion plan? Evaluate Shangri-La’s strategic growth portfolio. What are the assumptions and competitive bases for such a rapid expansion plan? What are the issues and the potential...
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...organizations. Sara Lee's key goals for its remaining organizations were to keep tabs on client needs and managing perfection, while making an in number mark through wide developments and focused estimating. The association truly uses its retail meats, pushing comparative meats to its nourishment administration clients. Its meats have viewed expands in bargains and working salary, while productively making the most of improvements inside perishable things. The aforementioned advancements helped bargains more than $100 million, indeed, when its center items' bargains were even. The association holds a 20% piece of the overall industry in a developing industry of just about $10 billion. Sara Lee is the business sector pioneer in retail breads in North America, while nearly trailing Kraft inside the meat part. New bread bargains bounced more than $600 million inside 3 years, because of the power Sara Lee had with markets to build retire space for its features. Sara Lee furnished imaginative breads for its clients, while commanding the breakfast bread market. While holding a 14% piece of the pie in a $100 billion industry, Sara Lee is positioned to expand its benefits fundamentally in this fragment. The association was unable to handle huge bargains in its solidified pastries or its coffeemakers, leaving the portion to depend on prepared breads. Sara Lee misread the business for pastry things, and was known to furnish crudely made cafe units. The foodservice part furnishes Sara Lee the capability...
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...The Karankawas, who had managed to survive 300 years of European contact, ultimately fell victim to rapid American colonization and direct exterminatory warfare. To the end of their existence, these coastal people retained their hunting, fishing, and gathering culture. Language loss has been especially acute in North America. No doubt scores, perhaps hundreds, of tongues indigenous to this continent have vanished since 1492. Some have perished without a trace. European/French usage of metal tools altered Indian ways of life, especially as the gun, or rifle, and the plow, meant the European/French colonies were deliberately planned to settle the so-called New World. The European/French presence introduced at least a dozen strange diseases during this era that American Indians had no natural immunity against. The native population suffered enormous losses. It has been said that more native people died due to foreign diseases than were lost in wars fighting for their homelands. The "white intruders" brought much change to Indian people. Who is to say that it was not meant to be that way? Yes, the entire North American continent has been taken away, except for about two percent that American Indians still have that they call their homelands. The American Indian almost disappeared with the buffalo when less than a thousand buffalo were left by the turn of the 20th century, and only 225,000 Indians had survived the deadly new diseases and more than one thousand wars. But life...
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...global business as the buying and selling of food and services from different countries. This activity involves foreign trade, which includes transactions (exports, imports,investments, and financing) that are performed worldwide. Corporations go international to locate resources that are hard to obtain in their country, or that can be found at a better price internationally. Globalization and the expansion of world trade have had a tremendous impact in the last decades bringing substantial benefits to countries around the world. As globalization increases everyday, many countries have created agreements to reduce barriers such as tariffs, export fees, and the reduction of restrictions on the movement of capital and investment. In 1994, the North American Free Trade agreement was created to remove most barriers to trade and invest between the United states, Mexico and Canada. Mexico has become the United States’ second-largest export market and third-largest trading partner due to demographic and geographic factors. Monterrey, the third largest city in Mexico and base of many multinational corporations, has taken advantage of this agreement to expand its businesses. This is the case of Grupo ALFA, leader in the production of processed meats and cheese and one of the most important telecommunications service companies in Mexico. This company acquired Bar-S Foods Co. leader in the U.S. packaged meat business to expand their market and generate additional profits. According to Armando...
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...Chiquita Brands International, Inc. and its subsidiaries operate as a leading international marketer and distributor of high-quality fresh and value-added produce which is sold under the premium Chiquita and Fresh Express brands and other trademarks. They are one of the largest banana distributors in the world and a major supplier of bananas in Europe and North America. In Europe, they are a market leader and obtain a price premium for their Chiquita bananas, and they hold the No.2 market position in North America for bananas. In North America, they are a market segment leader and obtain a price premium with their Fresh Express brand of value-added salads. In 2011, their banana business performed significantly better than in 2010 particularly in North America, where both pricing and volume were higher, and a force majeure surcharge in place for most of the first half helped us to recover significantly higher sourcing costs that began in late 2010 and continued throughout the first half of 2011. While the banana business as a whole is seasonal, this is most pronounced in Europe where weekly local currency pricing is significantly affected by variations of supply and demand in the market, with prices typically weaker in the third and fourth quarters than in the first half. In Europe, trading conditions continued to be challenging throughout 2010 and 2011. Industry supplies were low during the first half of 2011, and pricing improved during this period in comparison to the unusually...
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...Canadian business? 3. What is the purpose of environmental scanning? Give an example. 4. Baby boomers in Canada are aging. Describe how this might affect the marketing mix for the following: • Bell cell phones • McDonald’s • Whirlpool Corporation • Target stores 5. How should Ford Motor Company market differently to Generation Y, Generation X, and baby boomers? 6. Explain how consumers’ buying habits may change during a recessionary period. 7. Give three examples of how technology has benefited marketers. Also, give several examples of how firms have been hurt because they did not keep up with technological change. 8. Explain how technology is changing the nature of competition in North America. 9. Might there be times when a company becomes too competitive? If so, what could be the consequences? 10. Mountain Equipment Co-op could be described as a 'triple bottom line' company. What does this mean? Name three other companies that also take this approach....
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