...Psychological Operations (PSYOPs): A Conceptual Overview Sunil Narula Abstract The psychological dimension of a conflict is as important as its physical dimension and psychological Operations (PSYOPs) have become even more relevant in this age of information, especially for a nation-state where the threat in the socio-psychological domain is more pronounced. While combating the menace of terrorism, the psychological dimension assumes great significance, as terrorists use violence as a psychological weapon by terrorising the multitude, rather than physically affect a few, and in this sense, they fight a psychological war also. The relevance of psychological operations is much greater than the successful conduct of tactical operations. This article is an attempt to conceptualise the term PSYOPs in the Indian context. The changed dynamics of international relations following the end of the Cold War and changes in the South Asian strategic landscape, postSeptember 11, have made PSYOPs more relevant for the region. It is also important to know that differences between various related concepts like Propaganda, Information Warfare, and Perception Management are waferthin, and may lead to contested perceptions amongst various agencies working under the overall ambit of national security, if not viewed in the current perspective. Therefore, clarity of the concept will set the stage for an effective implementation of policies and help in setting up of a policy structure in India (which...
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...Subspecialties of forensic psychologySubspecialties of forensic psychologySubspecialties of forensic psychology Forensic psychology is defined as the application of psychological knowledge to the legal system (Bartol & Bartol, 2012: 6). The concept of forensic psychology can be misunderstood, because the definition does not explain much. The easiest way to explain forensic psychology is to break it down into its subspecialties and describe where psychological knowledge can be applied. There are five subspecialties of forensic psychology, namely police psychology, psychology of crime and delinquency, victimology and victim services, legal psychology and correctional psychology. I will discuss legal psychology and correctional psychology. · Legal psychology Legal psychology is the study of human behavior relevant to the law. This subspecialty of forensic psychology consists of those theories that describe, explain and predict human behavior by reference to the law. Bartol & Bartol (2012) described that early in a case when attorneys are preparing for a trial and gathering information psychologist can be called in to testify. Main roles of a forensic psychologist in the USA includes, acting as a consultant to law enforcement, acting as trial consultants (jury selection, case preparation and pre-trial publicity), presenting psychology to appeal courts, doing forensic assessment and acting as an expert witness (insanity defense, competence to stand trial, sentencing, eyewitness...
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...mobile devices for almost every key market segment and protocol that also involves GSM, CDMA, and W-CDMA. In addition to manufacturing mobile devices the company also offers various internet services like applications, maps, games, media, music and messaging (Nokia Looks Beyond, 2004). The company’s subsidiary “Nokia Siemens Networks” manufactures telecommunications network equipment, resolutions and services. Moreover, the company also serves its customers with free digital map information and navigation services (About Nokia, 2010). The company operates as a leader in the mobile telecommunications and this competency of the company depends upon its abundant experience, technology invention and precise marketing strategy. In the product category of mobile-phone brand, Nokia has attained number one position and it is all due to its approach towards its customers. In this project the product category selected for the discussion is “mobile phones” in which Nokia has established itself as leading brand in comparison to any other mobile phone manufacturer. With its advanced technologies and features the company has established itself a well-known brand in the mobile phone category (About Nokia, 2010). The company believes in offering handsets with attractive designs, advanced applications and moderate price and these factors have assisted, Nokia in establishing itself as number one brand. Motorola, is a famous American, transnational telecommunication company that is situated in Schaumburg...
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...PSYCHOLOGICAL SCIENCE This course aims at preparing students for a professional journey in the growing field of psychology by creating interest and developing an understanding of basic concepts of the discipline. Its major concerns include fostering capability to meet the challenges of self-discovery and effective participation in responding to the needs of society. With a vision to create a balance between society and the individual, the course intends to enable students in developing abilities needed for meeting the challenges and needs of the real world effectively. Along with it, students would also be encouraged to build a relationship with oneself, requisite for self discovery. To this end, the course emphasizes on building the conceptual foundations and acquiring psychological skills through classroom teaching/learning consisting of reflective as well as creative engagement in exercises, projects and hands on experiences. The teaching-learning of the programme would be organized through lectures, group discussions, experiential exercises, group projects, presentations, workshops and seminars. Students would be encouraged to connect to real life issues and participate in the programs and practices in the different social context. To this end practicum is incorporated as an important component in most of the papers with hands on training in the use of various research methods such as: laboratory experiments, field experiments, observation, testing, survey, interview, case...
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...Fundamental Concepts of Industrial and Organizational Psychology The “American Psychological Association” (2012) website explains industrial and organizational (I/O) psychology as a general practice specialty of professional psychology that focuses on scientifically based solutions toward human difficulties in work and other organizational settings. I/O psychology provides solutions by way of development and application of scientific principles to the workplace (Spector, 2008). This discipline contains a facet that focuses on research as well as an application facet. Some in I/O psychology invest much of their time conducting and cataloguing research regarding people at work, while others focus on the application of the concepts generated from such research. A general overview with an emphasis on the evolution, the contrast toward other disciplines, the use of, and the role of research can provide a clear understanding of industrial and organizational psychology. Amidst the full swing of the industrial revolution, factory managers were faced with the challenge of maximizing resources. Challenges like this created a need for workplace psychology and I/O psychology quickly filled that need. The beginning stages of this discipline solely placed emphasis on the industrial component of the workplace and viewed the employees as expendable (Spector, 2008). At this stage industrial psychology sought solutions toward creating the greatest return for the least amount...
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...Ryan is facing the final chapter of his high school career as he begins to decide where he will apply for college, where he will begin a new chapter of his life. During this process of applying for various colleges, Ryan's choices are going to be influenced by multiple psychological concepts. These psychological concepts and terms include availability heuristic, the hippocampus, intrinsic versus extrinsic motivation, and self-fulfilling prophecy. Not only will these concepts affect him in different ways, but they could easily sway his decision and finality of choice. In continuation, availability heuristic is a mental shortcut that relies on immediate examples that come to mind. When attempting to make a decision, events and past situations...
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...is psychological contract which is written in the mind between employer and employee. In relation to the psychological contract, there are several concepts to explain it, and the earliest concepts of psychological contract can be traced back to the early work of Argyris (1960). However, the key concept of psychological contract that in common used, which was established by Rousseau (1995). According to Rousseau and Tijoriwala (1998, p. 679), the psychological contract was defined as: “An individual’s belief in mutual obligations between that person and another party such as employer” Therefore, the psychological contract is the metaphor contract between the individual employee and the organization to maintain and develop the inner power of the enterprise. This essay will first clarify what is psychological contract and why it is essential for firms to establish a psychological contract with their employee. Secondly, it will explain the process theories of motivation and what theories are include in the process theories of motivation. Finally, assess which process theories of motivation can help manager to establish appropriate psychological contract with the employee. With the help of Rousseau’s argument, it is obviously that the psychological contract is an exchange relationship between the individual employee and the organization. However, this exchange relationship has a clear characteristic is the concept of mutuality, which is also the key feature of psychological contract...
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...Mindfulness and Its Role in Psychological Well-Being By: Justin Tang, ID #0827635 Psychology 1000*01 Benjamin Giguere Tuesday, November 18, 2014 Introduction Despite the fact that the mind, body and spirit are interconnected, there is a tendency to forget about—or even neglect—our psychological well-being. According to the Canadian Mental Health Association, for example, one in five of us will experience a mental illness in our lifetime (CMHA, 2014). Though this statistic is in part due to the stigma associated with mental health, there are various methods in which we can protect and promote our psychological wellbeing. More importantly, given that suffering is inevitable and arrives in innumerable guises (e.g. stress, depression, confusion), how can one become less disturbed by the unpleasant experiences in life? By introducing the concept, this paper will argue that mindfulness can be used to as a tool to achieve greater psychological well-being. Known as a deceptively simple but useful attention-regulating practice, mindfulness allows one to be less reactive to what is happening in the moment and accepting of all experiences—be it positive, negative, or neutral (Germer, 2004). Defining Mindfulness What, exactly, is mindfulness? Although there has been a call in the literature to reconstruct aspects of current mindfulness models, including the establishment of a mutually agreed upon definition and application of the term (Germer 2004), mindfulness is best...
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...References 11 Abstract The utilisation of psychological concepts has been extended in many fields in seeking to enhance understanding of human behaviours. Forensic psychology is one of the various psychological filed which have developed out of the necessity to apply psychology in different fields. This article discusses the element of forensic psychology in relation to the various issues arising within the field. A discussion of the various issues highlights ethical aspects as the main causes of many challenges faced in the field. The complexity of the setting under which the psychological practice is conducted makes the topic become one of the interesting psychological segments that can be studied. Introduction Forensic psychology can be defined as the utilisation of psychological concepts, skills, and insights in seeking to enhance the understanding of various elements of legal and criminal justice systems. Within the context of the subject various psychological and legal aspects become combined in seeking to understand the functioning and operations of criminal systems (Davies & Beech, 2012). This approach to criminal justice involves various activities involved in the delivery of justice, ranging from the enforcement to treatment of suspects and law breakers. The fundamental elements of forensic psychology revolve around a combination of various aspects of the justice system and psychological aspects. The psychological aspects of forensic psychology is focused on...
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...School of Science and TechnologyDepartment of Information Technology ISSC641: Telecommunications and Network Security 3 Credit Hours8 Week CoursePrerequisite(s): None | Table of Contents | Instructor Information | Evaluation Procedures | Course Description | Grading Scale | Course Objectives | Course Outline | Course Delivery Method | Policies | Course Materials | Academic Services | Selected Bibliography | Instructor Information | Instructor: Dr. Elliott S. Lynn (Bio) Email: Elliott.lynn@mycampus.apus.edu Phone: 732.300.5569 Office Hours: By Appointment Only TOC Course Description (Catalog) | Telecommunications networks are a critical component of the global economic and social infrastructures. Securing critical infrastructure is an established priority within Information Security Management. This course examines the field of secure telecommunications networks, including emerging threats, system vulnerability, network evolution, and network defense mechanisms. [3 Semester Hours] TOC Course Objectives | A successful student will fulfill the following learning objectives: * Examine the principles of network security and cellular architecture. * Evaluate emerging threats and system vulnerability. * Assess vulnerabilities...
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...Behavioral Applications of Psychology with A Shout Out to Buddhist Psychology | |My perspective of History and Systems in Psychology | \ | |Winter Quarter , 2013 | Psychology as a scientific discipline can be divided into four major historical forces. The first historical force being psychoanalysis, the second force behaviorism, the third force humanistic, and the fourth force multicultural. Each historical force represents the zeitgeist or prevailing school of thought for its historical time, and each school of thought brought about the development of different theoretical applications and ideological approaches. This paper will focus on theorists and theoretical applications of the second and third historical forces. Behaviorism is the school of thought founded by John B. Watson and is the second historical force in psychology. The basis of behavioral psychology suggests that all behaviors are learned and therefore can be unlearned and changed. Watson, like most other behaviorists were of the mindset that only observable, or overt behaviors, should be studied because concepts such as emotion and cognition were too subjective (Cherry, K. 2011). Cognitive applications of behavioral...
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...| |The Humanistic and Cognitive Behavioral Applications of Psychology with A Shout Out to Buddhist Psychology | |My perspective of History and Systems in Psychology | | | Psychology as a scientific discipline can be divided into four major historical forces. The first historical force being psychoanalysis, the second force behaviorism, the third force humanistic, and the fourth force multicultural. Each historical force represents the zeitgeist or prevailing school of thought for its historical time, and each school of thought brought about the development of different theoretical applications and ideological approaches. This paper will focus on theorists and theoretical applications of the second and third historical forces. Behaviorism is the school of thought founded by John B. Watson and is the second historical force in psychology. The basis of behavioral psychology suggests that all behaviors are learned and therefore can be unlearned and changed. Watson, like most other behaviorists were of the mindset that only observable, or overt behaviors, should be studied because concepts such as emotion and cognition were too subjective (Cherry, K. 2011). Cognitive applications of behavioral psychology known as Cognitive Behavioral psychology or Cognitive Behavioral Therapy...
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...Integrates nursing science with computer technology and information science to identify, gather, process, and manage information. Emphasis on technology based health applications which support clinical, administrative, research, and educational decision making enhancing the efficacy of nursing endeavors. Course Purpose: This course provides an overview of nursing informatics for all student nurse. Focus is on developing an understanding of concepts relevant to health care informatics. Current trends and issues in using, designing, and managing heath care information systems will be examined. Students, applying knowledge from assigned readings, will analyze the design and implementation of health care information systems. The course includes email, electronic discussion forums, computer applications, worldwide web, and internet assignments. Course Objectives: 1. Identify key trends and issues in nursing informatics and the impact on health care information systems. 1.1 Describe the historical perspectives of nursing and computers 1.2 Discuss the term nursing informatics. 1.3 Define basic terms related to hardware, software, World Wide Web, and the Internet. 1.4 Identify informatics visions for the profession of nursing. 1.5 Discuss technology applications utilizing speech recognition, genomic informatics, date warehousing, and virtual reality. 2. Explain how theories, such as communication, information, management, systems...
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...different specializations in the field of Psychology Addiction Psychology As the specialty name implies, this area of psychology uses psychological research and theories to counsel, diagnose and treat individuals with addictions. Addiction psychologists take various psychological approaches, such as cognitive-behavioral therapy, behaviorism and psychodynamics to treat and better understand addictions. Addiction Psychology uses a method which are psychological research and theories to treat, counsel, diagnose a...
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...Explanation and Practice Application of Self-Determination Theory Ryan S. Charland University of Central Florida Core concepts Self-Determination Theory is the concept that people are internally predisposed towards the accusation of competence, autonomy, and relatedness. SDT claims that these are the three basic psychological needs, the accusation of which results in a state of “full functioning”, or an emotional state of content, happiness, and prosperity. These constructs are considered needs by SDT, as the theory posits that the lack of these psychological ingredients will result in the deterioration of an individual’s psychological state. Integrally, the importance of the accusation of these needs remains true across the...
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