...Katherine Phipps. An African-American Psychologist who made a significant impact on developmental psychology. Mamie received distinguished alumni awards from both Howard and Columbia Universities. She also received honorary doctorate degrees from Williams College and the Pratt Institute and a noted fellowship award from the American Association of University Women for her research on the psychological effects of racism and segregation. Her contributions stimulated racial desegregation in education in order to improve the lives of minorities. She was born in 1917 and died in 1983. She was the eldest of two children born to Harold H. and Katie F. Phipps in Hot Springs, Arkansas where Mamie attended racially segregated elementary and secondary schools. She graduated Pine Bluff's Lanston High School in 1934 at the age of 16. After High School, Mamie enrolled in Howard University to major in Mathematics and Physics. After her first year at Howard University, Mamie met her future husband, Kenneth Bancroft Clark, who influenced her to change her major to Psychology due to her interest in children. She was enrolled into the Psychology program, she graduated magna cum laude in 1938 and then spent some time working in a law office where she was able to witness first-hand the damaging effects of segregation. She soon started graduate school and had two children while pursuing her studies. Her master's thesis titled “The Consciousness of Self in Negro Pre-school Children”, which was the start of...
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...ASSOCIATION OF SCHOOL PSYCHOLOGISTS Planning a Career in Psychology A Canadian Perspective for University Bound and Beginning University Students Marvin L. Simner, Ph.D. Address correspondence to: Canadian Psychological Association 141 Ave Laurier West, Suite 702, Ottawa, ON K1P 5J3 © Marvin L. Simner, 2009. All rights reserved/tous droits réservés Published by the Canadian Psychological Association, Ottawa, Ontario Copies may be ordered from Canadian Psychological Association 141, Ave Laurier West, Suite 702 Ottawa, Ontario K1P 5J3 Phone: (613) 237-2144 Fax: (613) 237-1674 ISBN N°. 978-1-926793-01-6 Planning a Career in Psychology: A Canadian Perspective for University Bound and Beginning University Students Marvin L. Simner CONTENTS Introduction . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1 Subfields of Psychology . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2 Is Psychology the Right Choice for Me? . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 7 How to Become a Professional Psychologist . . . . . . . . . . 8 Occupational Outlook . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 12 How to Succeed in University . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 14 Recommended Readings . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 16 References . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 17 A Canadian Perspective for University Bound and Beginning University Students INTRODUCTION If you are a high school student...
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...an author am trying to do in this essay is to grab my audiences attention and explain and appeal to them about the theoretical perspective of the Cognitive Personality approach. I provided historical statements, theories, and research to make each individual aspect of the perspective as clear as possible. This essay will consist of the Theoretical perspective of the approach, Theorists who have contributed to this approach, Compare and contrast two theorists perspectives within this approach, Identify and describe measurement and assessment instruments, and Clinical application of the approach. If you believe the saying 'Perception is everything,' then you may well be a cognitivist. Cognitive theory is focused on the individual's thoughts as the determinate of his or her emotions and behaviors and therefore personality (Dasen). Many cognitive theorists believe that without these thought processes, we could have no emotions and no behavior and would therefore not function. In other words, thoughts always come before any feeling and before any action. The theoretical perspective of the Cognitive approach of personality can be simply described as what personality does, but is much more complex than that. Cognitive Psychology revolves around the notion that if we want to know what makes people tick then we need to understand the internal processes of their mind (Dasen). Cognition literally means “knowing”. In other words, psychologists from this approach study cognition...
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...Memory is very like a storage unit in the brain. It can keep memory stored for a short period of time, short term memory or working memory, and for a long period of time, long term memory. There are various types of memory that make up our memory storage such as general knowledge, things you have learned and metamemory, which is your own awareness of your memory. Many researchers predict that the information storage capacity of humans is up to 50,000 topics on every subject that we have a reasonable amount of knowledge in (Norman, 2001). Short term memory allows us to remember a telephone number for the few seconds it takes us to dial the number (Eysenck and Keane, 2015). Baddeley and Hitch (1974) suggested replacing the concept of the short term store with that of working memory. Working memory is defined as a system that temporarily holds and manipulates information as we perform cognitive tasks. This is for the reason that short term memory stored brief information about an outcome of an early incident and then the memory moves straight onto another outcome and the previous one is forgotten. It just was not sufficient enough. Working memory is the development of short...
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...the main concerns of their time? People have to recognize psychologies’ “evolving history” (Goodwin, 2008). Knowing psychologies’ history and origins helps us to be aware of complications in the future. To “know thyself” in psychology is to understand psychologies beginnings, strengths, weaknesses, achievement, down falls, disciplines and so much more. This essay will take a look at four key milestones in the development of cognitive psychology. The four key milestones that will be viewed are behaviorism, psychoanalysis, humanism and cognitive psychology. Along with the four key milestones this document will also go over the major importance of behavioral observation. Behaviorism Behavior is defined as a way in which on functions in “response to stimulation” (Merriam-Webster, 2012). Founder of behaviorism John B. Watson is well known for his statement “Give me a dozen healthy infants well-formed, and my own specified world to bring them up in and I’ll guarantee to take any one at random and train him to become any type of specialist I might select” (Cherry, 2012). John Watson was an American psychologist, who believed that psychology was not just the study of the human mind and but also behavior and its functions. Behaviorism is known as behavioral psychology based on a method of learning called conditioning. Conditioning is a form of...
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...The first leading psychologist and philosopher of the late nineteen centuries was William James. James was born in New York city on January 11, 1842, he was the first child of Henry James and Mary Walsh. During James’s childhood, he was educated through tutoring and private schools, including his siblings (Pomerleau). As he got older, his family move to Geneva, Paris where James was inspired to be an artist or a scientist as he went to school. While his family move back to the USA and settle in Rhode Island; James found interest in painting and science, he later began working with William Hunt in 1858. James didn’t think being an artist was in his best interest, so he decided to attend Lawrence Scientific School at Harvard in 1861. When James...
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...Running head: Working Memory Training in Children School Based Working Memory Training: Preliminary finding of Improvement in Children’s Mathematical Performance Panmoli Sivananthan Psychology 107 University Canada West December 04, 2011 (Essay 1587 words) My topic is “Working Memory In the textbook, it is defined on pg. 259 as follows: Working memory, a newer understanding of Atkinson and Shiffrin’s second stage, concentrates on the active processing of information in this intermediate stage. Because we cannot possibly focus on all the information bombarding our senses at once, we shine the flashlight beam of our attention on certain incoming stimuli – often those that are novel or important. We process these incoming stimuli, along with information we retrieve from long-tem memory, in temporary working memory. Working memory associates new and old information and solves problems (Baddeley, 2001, 200; Engle, 2002). Reference in textbook on pages R-3 & R-17 Baddeley, A.D. (2001). Is working memory still working? American Psychologist, pg 56, 849-864. Baddeley, A.D. (2002, June). Is working memory still working? European Psychologist, 7, 85-97. Engle, R.W. (2002). Working memory capacity as executive attention. Current Directions in Psychological Science, 11, 19-23. References to the three articles of my interest: My primary article: Marcus, W. (2011). School Based Working Memory training: Preliminary finding of improvement in children’s mathematical...
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...The following paper serves to explain the thought process of acting upon the following scenario: You are a police psychologist for a major metropolitan area. You are also a member of its hostage negotiation team. You have just been called out to a crisis incident at 3:15 p.m. on a Friday. It is a residential area about three blocks from a middle school and a public library. The information you have at this time is that the subject is a 42-year-old male who is holed up in his house with his wife, son, and family friend. He has murdered his next-door neighbor and is threatening to kill those in the house if he does not get his demands. One of his demands is for immunity from the murder charge if he surrenders without harming any of the people in the house. He also wants a case of beer and some fast food soon or "something will happen". The focus of this essay is to explain the type of incident that has occurred, which category this hostage-taker falls into, and what my optimal role is in the situation as a police psychologist. Next will be to provide a plan and course of action to interact with the suspect, explain the precautions to be taken, along with the precautions I will request the department to take, express what fundamental problems that I as a police psychologist may be able to foresee in a prolong standoff and how to address them. Identifying the sources used to gather information regarding the perpetrator and the specific information that would be most beneficial...
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...disabilities after they enter into the school district. “No single list of symptoms describes students with physical or health impairments; however, some conditions, such as cerebral palsy, epilepsy, asthma, are associated with such disabilities”. Because a student has a disability and is special needs, as a future educator it is very important to go beyond any labels that are but on the student and take into consideration what the needs of the individual student is and apply the right strategies, and teaching them the way they will learn. Within this essay it will go over the Special education team (SPED) and what their roles with working with students with PHI. Along with creating an SPED team the essay will also address the impact that PHI has on students learning within school. This will include an interview with a special education teacher. Special Education Team (SPED) When working with students with any kind of disabilities or impairments there needs to be a special education team set into place for each individual student. The SPED team that is mentioned within this essay works with students that has physical and health impairments. The first people within the SPED is the parents. The parents play a critical role within their child(s) education. I mentioned parents first because parents are the ones that are the best advocates for their child(s). Who knows their child(s) better than parents? Parents can provide the school with important information on the child...
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...as a ‘Rendezvous’ discipline; discuss the meaning and validity of this label The purpose of this essay is to discuss the meaning and validity of the label criminology has as a ‘rendezvous discipline’. To do this, this essay illuminates where criminology originates from and what its primary focus is. The Chicago School, Lombrosian Theory, Positivist and Classical criminology, are discussed. Other disciplines namely Sociology, Psychology, and the Criminal Justice Sector are examined and applied to the broad subject of criminology, to show the network of how this subject came to be recognised as such a discipline. Exposed are main issues that occur for the likes of criminologists and other social scientists when challenged with defining criminology; and the problems that definition’s carry with themselves. This essay will look in to the birth of criminology as a new discipline and how it has evolved in what it is known today as an applied social science. Explanation of what an ‘applied social science’ will be detailed and collectively the answer to the meaning and validity of the label of ‘rendezvous discipline’ will be provided. Topics that criminology is weaved into for instance are Globalisation, Capital Punishment, Serial Killing, Media, and Genocide. Used to demonstrate the importance that this discipline provides, in a range of contexts Media is the focus later in the essay. Criminology can be studied on its own as a subject, and also applied and used in determining why...
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...* 1. Subtopics could be like various forms of it, long term effects on the victim, punishments and sentences, and then you could round off with the fact that paedophiles can sometimes get less of a sentence than those who steal bread to eat. what a system we have. 2. Exclusive pedophiles are attracted only to children. Non-exclusive pedophiles are attracted to children and adults. Child-oriented pedophiles actually care about the children. Self-oriented pedophiles simply use the children for sexual gratification. You might want to cover the consequences of childhood sexual trauma, not least of which is dissociative identity disorder (D. I. D.), formerly known as multiple personality disorder (M. P. D.). 3. That sounds like an interesting paper. I would probably focus less on causes and more on treatment for pedophilia. Because the causes are arguable (although I just read about a study that came out last week saying there is a genetic component to pedophilia), I think focusing on the treatment and healing process for pedophiles and sex offenders is much more interesting. We already know many environmental factors that contribute to adults "becoming" pedophiles, such as prior sexual abuse as a child, certain mental illnesses (attachment disorders and personality disorders), and other history of abuse. I bought a book recently which might help you, if you have time to go pick it up. I bought it at Barnes and Noble or Borders, I forget... It's a quick read...
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...Running head: THEORIES OF INTELLIGENCE Theories of Intelligence Anthony Dillon The University of Southern Queensland Abstract The concept of intelligence is regarded by psychologists as one of the more important individual difference measures that support predictions regarding a person’s potential for academic and other achievements in life. But what exactly is intelligence? Despite its importance, it is an entity that is not easily defined. To help define intelligence, researchers have developed theories that attempt to more fully explain its dynamic nature. This essay critically evaluates some of the well-known theories of intelligence: Spearman’s two-factor theory, Thurstone’s theory of primary mental abilities, Gardner’s theory of multiple intelligences, and Sternberg’s triarchic theory. The theories are discussed in terms of their relevance to the study of intelligence as well as their strengths and weaknesses. While none of the theories presented can specifically pinpoint what intelligence is, each theory is useful in revealing a different face of this important but elusive human characteristic. Theories of Intelligence Although intelligence is a long-standing topic in psychology (Laboratory of Comparative Human Cognition, 1982), a satisfactory definition of intelligence remains elusive (Carroll, 1993; Fogarty, 1999). However, several descriptions have been offered that allow a brief insight into what intelligence may be related to. For example, Eysenck...
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...Diagnosis and Treatment Stefanie Shepherd BEH-225 Joanne Schrock Psychologists and theorists have been studying psychological disorders for many years now. Throughout history, different theorists have studied how different psychological disorders affect one's behavior. These theorists have developed their own theories on how to treat the different behavioral affects from different psychological disorders. Some psychologists believe genetics and hereditary factors cause psychological disorders while others believe they are a result from learning maladaptive ways of thinking and behaving. All psychologists and theorists believe different things when it comes to how psychological disorders are developed or what causes them, but their treatment aspects are closely the same. Mood disorders are one of many different psychological disorders. Mood disorders are disturbances in mood or prolonged emotional state. Bipolar disorder is a type of mood disorder. In this essay I will be discussing what bipolar disorder is, current trends of diagnosis, and the treatment available. Bipolar disorder is a mood disorder in which periods of mania and depression alternate, sometimes with periods of normal mood intervening. Mania is characterized by euphoric states, excessive talking, extreme physical activity, and distractedness. People who suffer from bipolar disorder can be excited and full of energy one minute, and then be sad and depressed the next minute...
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...games that we have grown to know and love. However, worrisome teachers and parent have often asked the question ‘Is this game making children more violent?’ or the ever popular ‘Is this game helping society?”. In this essay I will discuss the points about why I think video games aren’t violent, and how some could even help society....
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...leadership for the nation; and to advance knowledge through research work and apply new knowledge for improving the quality of human life and responding effectively to changing societal needs and conditions. (Aquino, 2003) According to Aquino (2003), a careful scrutiny of the aforementioned objectives will suffice to impress in the people’s minds the crucial importance of tertiary or college education. There are numerous reasons that college education is important. Among these reasons are gaining advantage over competition, demonstrating aptitude in a specific area and the fact that many job opening require a college degree are few of the top reasons. (http://www.degreedirectory.com). Moreover, college education many more opportunities in working life, especially for higher paid jobs and the chance to work with and be taught by some of the finest and most knowledgeable people. (http://www.importanceofcollege.com). McGuire (2010) stressed that getting a college education is the most important investment one can make in life because having a college degree often provides the greater promotion opportunity. The reasoning does not begin with the job aspect. Some students also put off the importance of college education because of the price tags that can with it. In this case, the major step that student should take is attending the college of his/her choice and the...
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