...Subspecialties of forensic psychologySubspecialties of forensic psychologySubspecialties of forensic psychology Forensic psychology is defined as the application of psychological knowledge to the legal system (Bartol & Bartol, 2012: 6). The concept of forensic psychology can be misunderstood, because the definition does not explain much. The easiest way to explain forensic psychology is to break it down into its subspecialties and describe where psychological knowledge can be applied. There are five subspecialties of forensic psychology, namely police psychology, psychology of crime and delinquency, victimology and victim services, legal psychology and correctional psychology. I will discuss legal psychology and correctional psychology. · Legal psychology Legal psychology is the study of human behavior relevant to the law. This subspecialty of forensic psychology consists of those theories that describe, explain and predict human behavior by reference to the law. Bartol & Bartol (2012) described that early in a case when attorneys are preparing for a trial and gathering information psychologist can be called in to testify. Main roles of a forensic psychologist in the USA includes, acting as a consultant to law enforcement, acting as trial consultants (jury selection, case preparation and pre-trial publicity), presenting psychology to appeal courts, doing forensic assessment and acting as an expert witness (insanity defense, competence to stand trial, sentencing, eyewitness...
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...Assignment: Unit 2: Psychologists’ Roles in Criminal Justice Total Points: 100 Due Date: October 6, 2015 Name: Donna Marie Brown (Donnabrown119) Course: Intro to Forensic Psychology Instructor: Doctor Findley Unit 2: Psychologists’ Roles in Criminal Justice Kaplan University Donna Brown Tuesday, September 29, 2015 Psychologists’ Roles within the Legal System Introduction A forensic psychologist has many roles to participate in within the legal system. This would include: the basic scientists, the applied scientists, policy evaluator, and the consultant. These roles have different responsibilities and they might even help in or give attention to different areas and environments within the legal system. Within the legal system, a psychologist can examine several personalities which includes the arresting police officer to the actual victim. There are actually many ethical responsibilities and matters that can ascend. And now I will elaborate on the roles that the psychologist plays in each environment. (Greene, & Heilbrun, 2013) Basic Scientist A basic scientist engages in knowledge, and this is for its own sake. The scientist analyses an occurrence for the fulfillment of comprehending it and providing a scientific enhancement. (Greene & Hailbrun, 2013) Law Enforcement and Corrections are two opportunities of the basic scientist. As long as the psychologist has a comprehension of a specific area, psychologists can participate in educating...
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...Legal System Introduction There are many roles a forensic psychologist can choose to take part in, within the legal system, such as; the basic scientists, the applied scientists, policy evaluator, forensic evaluator, and consultant. Each of these roles has different duties/ responsibilities and may assist in or concentrate in different areas/ environments within the legal system. As a psychologist, within the legal system you will examine many individuals from the police officer to the victim. Being a psychologist within the legal system has many ethical obligations or issues that can arise. With this in mind, I will discuss more in detail the roles a psychologist plays in each environment within the legal system and some of the ethical issues. Basic Scientist There are many environments a forensic psychologist may choose to take part in. These environments are law enforcement, corrections, court system, and academic. Even though a psychologist can play a role in many environments, not all environments need every role of the psychologist. ”A basic scientist pursues knowledge for its own sake and studies a phenomenon for the satisfaction of understanding it and contributing to scientific advances in the area” (Greene, & Hailbrun, 2010 p18). As a basic scientist, there are some opportunities for the psychologists, in law enforcement and corrections. The psychologist can do training in a specific area; if the psychologist has knowledge of the particular area. The basic scientist...
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...Ethics Awareness Inventory Introduction In the field of psychology, an Ethics Code was put into place by the American Psychological Association (APA) to serve as a guide to professional behavior for those who work in the field of psychology (Plante, 2011). This paper will address the importance of ethics in psychology, how ethics are applied, the effects of ethics on the field of psychology and the advantages of psychology as a career choice. The Importance of Ethics Ethics are crucial in the field of psychology in order to protect the profession and the public. First of all, the Ethics Code protects patients in several ways, such as confidentiality issues and respect for the patient, including prohibiting personal relationships and requiring psychologists to exhibit care and compassion (Plante, 2011). Ethics protect the profession in that the expectations for professional conduct specify what can and cannot be done within the field of psychology as it pertains to certain expectations and behaviors (Plante, 2011). Application of Ethics Ethics are applied within the field of psychology in several ways. First of all, a psychology professional must maintain competence in his or her area of specialization (Plante, 2011). Psychologists must also maintain a respectful demeanor and show professionalism and integrity in their dealings with others (Plante, 2011). Maintaining professional responsibility by attempting every avenue, such...
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...What is Psychology? Psychology is considered as a boring subject or something which would definitely make one a "psycho-case"...One of my freind gave a comment,"Psychology is the science of madness and it does not contribute any positive effort towards the society!" I think she was not wrong, just because she did not know what Psychology is..Let's read this article and we all will get to know about this boring subject. Definition of PSYCHOLOGY: Science is a complete body of knowledge arranged in a systematic order. Psychology is a biological science which deals with the behaviour and minds of animals and human beings, both. It was derived from two Greek words; psyche: 'soul' and logos which means to talk. So the literal meaning of Psychology is: to talk about soul. Historical background of PSYCHOLOGY: Earlier psychology was a part of Philosophy. It was never considered to be a science. Four hundred years ago, a Greek Philosopher PLATO, studied life. In his theories, life and soul are said to be the beginning of Psychology. Morgan, a Philosopher said, "Psychology is the scientific study of activites of an individual." Boring, another Philosopher said: "Psychology is the study of human nature." Then, Robbinson said: "Psychology is the science of human and animal behaviour." According to Aristotle: "Psychology is the science of soul." Titchner, rejecting this view said: "Psychology is the science of mind." Welhelm, then said: "Psychology is the science of consciousness. "J...
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...and Composition) General Knowledge (Everyday Science) General Knowledge (Current Affairs) General Knowledge (Pakistan Affairs) Islamiat OPTIONAL SUBJECTS History of the U.S.A. History of Pak and India, Islamic History and Culture, European History, British History History of Pak and India, Islamic History and Culture, European History, British History Journalism Political Science Sociology Political Science Punjabi, Sindhi, Balochi, Pushto International Law, International Relations Psychology incl Expl Psychology, Philosophy Psychology incl Expl Psychology, Philosophy Geography, Zoology, Physics, Chemistry, Botany, Geology Geography, Zoology, Physics, Chemistry, Botany, Geology Public Administration Accountancy and Auditing, Economics Business Administration Accountancy and Auditing, Economics Arabic, Urdu, Persian, English Literature Arabic, Urdu, Persian, English Literature Forestry Mercantile Law Muslim Law and Jurisprudence Law Constitutional Law Law Statistics Applied Mathematics, Pure Mathematics Computer Science Applied Mathematics, Pure Mathematics Agriculture PAPER TIME 09:00 to 12:00 02:00 to 05:00 09:00 to 12:00 02:00 to 05:00 09:00 to 12:00 02:00 to 05:00 09:00 to 12:00 I II I II 09:00 to 12:00 02:00 to 05:00 09:00 to 12:00 09:00 to 12:00 02:00 to 05:00 02:00 to 05:00 09:00 to 12:00 03:00 to 06:00 09:00 to 12:00 02:00 to 05:00 09:00 to 12:00 02:00 to 05:00 09:00 to 12:00 09:00 to 12:00 02:00 to 05:00 02:00 to 05:00 09:00 to 12:00 02:00 to 05:00 09:00 to 12:00 02:00...
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...BUSINESS PSYCHOLOGY MRS. JOVELYN P. CANTRELL The scientific study of human and animal behavior with the object of understanding why living beings behave as they do. The Science of Mind What is Business Psychology? “Business Psychology is the study and practice of improving working life. It combines an understanding of the science of human behaviour with experience of the world of work to attain effective and sustainable performance for both individuals and organisations” The Association for Business Psychology APPLIED SCIENCE Business Psychology is an applied science that investigates how to make people and organisations more effective. It uses social scientific research methods to study people, workplaces and organisations in order to better align their multiple and sometimes competing needs. Its goal is to create healthy and productive relationships between people and organisations for mutual benefit. Business Psychology dictates to organisations what constitutes effective organisational practice. It has a reciprocal relationship with business and draws insights from those with experience of what works at work. This enables psychological research to be applied pragmatically and in a way that is appropriate to the situation. It also allows a cross fertilisation of experience from business into psychology and of academic knowledge and rigour from psychology into business. HISTORICAL PERSPECTIVE WALTER DILL SCOTT (1901) Developed laws of suggestibility as a...
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...Behaviorism is often referred to as behavioral psychology in which its’ theory of learning is focused on the notion that all behaviors are attained by way of conditioning, as conditioning takes place within the environment (DeGrandpre, 2000). Behaviorism focuses heavily on the utilization of conditioning as well as the study of observable behavior which can be scientifically and objectively measured. This paper will; (1) summarize the four conditioning theories of behaviorism, (2) analyze the strengths and weaknesses of behaviorism in general, (3) apply behaviorism to a practical situation in your specialization, describing the situation, how the theory can be applied, and what the expected outcomes would be, as well as (4) describe the relation of behaviorism to self-regulation. The four conditioning theories of behaviorism Connectionism- Thorndike’s connectionism theory explains that as an individual experiences life, the feelings that they develop during the experiences allows that individual to modify their behavior. According to Schunk (2012) the theory of connectionism was developed by Thorndike and is a theory that involves formation associations between responses and stimuli. Thorndike’s theory is composed of three primary laws; (1) the law of effect, (2) the law of readiness, and (3) the law of exercise, it is these three laws that connect the sensory experiences and neural impulses (Schunk, 2012). The law of effect indicates that responses are strengthened...
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...To do this, this essay illuminates where criminology originates from and what its primary focus is. The Chicago School, Lombrosian Theory, Positivist and Classical criminology, are discussed. Other disciplines namely Sociology, Psychology, and the Criminal Justice Sector are examined and applied to the broad subject of criminology, to show the network of how this subject came to be recognised as such a discipline. Exposed are main issues that occur for the likes of criminologists and other social scientists when challenged with defining criminology; and the problems that definition’s carry with themselves. This essay will look in to the birth of criminology as a new discipline and how it has evolved in what it is known today as an applied social science. Explanation of what an ‘applied social science’ will be detailed and collectively the answer to the meaning and validity of the label of ‘rendezvous discipline’ will be provided. Topics that criminology is weaved into for instance are Globalisation, Capital Punishment, Serial Killing, Media, and Genocide. Used to demonstrate the importance that this discipline provides, in a range of contexts Media is the focus later in the essay. Criminology can be studied on its own as a subject, and also applied and used in determining why certain acts of criminality occur in society, referring often to patterns in crime using Criminological Statistical Analysis. In the opinion of Maguire et al (2012) ‘the study of the various social practices...
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...Is psychology of any relevance to business administrators or managers? If yes justify your answer and if no justify your answer. Yes, psychology is of relevance to business administrators or managers. Psychology was coined in the 16th century from 2 Greek words. Psukhe/psyche which means “breath” or “soul” and logos which means “word” or “reason” and its initial meaning was “study of the soul”. Later the definition changed to “science of mental life” when it became a science in 1879. Also in the 1920s it was commonly defined as “the scientific study of behavior”. From the 1960s till date it has taken a broader definition “the science of behavior and mental processes. Psychology also refers to the application or usage of understanding knowledge and skills to a number of areas of human activity, involving issues concerning with daily activities such as education, events, people and their task, employment, association, relationship as well as the treatment of mental-health problems. Importance of psychology Psychology is important as it is concerned with the study of behavior and mental processes and at the same time, it is also applied to many different areas of human life. Everything we do is very much related to psychology. Psychology primarily studies who and what we are, why we are like that, why we act and think like that and finally how we can improve ourselves. Psychology is important in many different ways. For example, there have been...
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...UNIT 1: THE DEFINITION AND HISTORY OF PSYCHOLOGY QUESTION #1.1: What is the definition of psychology? Psychology is best defined as the "scientific study of behavior in humans and animals." Behavior is what people and animals do: e.g., what a person says about last night's dream, and how long it takes a rat to run a maze. You might think that psychology was the "study of the mind" due to the fact that the prefix psyche is Greek for mind, soul, spirit, and the suffix ology refers to the study of something. Almost a hundred years ago, John Watson decided that psychology should be a science: not just a vague and introspective reflection on our own thoughts and feelings. Watson urged that psychology be defined as the scientific study of behavior. Since about 1920, most university psychologists have accepted Watson's definition. So, think of psychologists as scientists who study behavior. Introspection was the first technique for studying the mind There are some terms related to psychology that are frequently confused with it. Psychiatry is a branch of medicine specializing with mental disorders. Psychiatrists are medical doctors, and have been through medical school, an internship, residency training, and board certification as specialized physicians. The letters M.D. usually appear at the end of the name. The letters at the end of the name of a psychologist may be 1 Ph.D., Ed.D., or Psy.D., and so it may be appropriate to address a psychologist as...
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...Definition of Sociology The subject has been looked from various points of view and now it is an opportune time to define the subject properly. According to P.A. Sorokin “sociology is a generalizing science of socio-cuitural phenomena viewed in their generic forms, types, and manifold interconnections. ” (Bierstedt, 1970. 3-28) Sociology is the scientific study of human society and social behaviour. The subject matter of sociology is huge and complex, and the knowledge produced by sociological research is still imperfect in many ways. However, it has taught us a great deal about ourselves. (RotarTson, 1977 :3) No formal definition of sociology is very satisfactory. Short definitions don’t really define; long definitions are clumsy. Yet a definition of some sort is needed, and sociology is often defined as the scientific study of human social life.. Human beings behave differently from other animals. They have unique forms of group life; they pursue customs, develop institutions, and create values. Sociology applies scientific methods to the study of these phenomena in the research for scientific knowledge. Sociology concentrates its study upon the group life of human beings and the product of their group living. (HurTon and Chester 1984: 25-27) The sociologist is especially interested in the customs, traditions, and values which emerge from group living, and in the way group living is, in turn, affected by these customs, traditions, and values. Sociology is interested in the...
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...ISSN Journal title 1619‐4500 1863‐8171 1528‐7106 0001‐3072 1018‐161X 1096‐3685 1087‐9595 1524‐7252 0001‐4273 1537‐260X 0363‐7425 1526‐1794 1095‐6298 1813‐0534 0001‐4575 1754‐7718 1445‐954X 0001‐4788 0810‐5391 1944‐529X 1530‐9320 0951‐3574 1328‐8261 0963‐9284 1041‐0392 0155‐9982 0148‐4184 1032‐3732 0888‐7993 1744‐9480 1911‐382X 1030‐9616 0958‐5206 0361‐3682 1530‐0226 1073‐0516 1046‐8188 1049‐3301 1049‐331X 0168‐9673 0001‐6373 0001‐6918 0353‐4316 1212‐3285 4OR: Quarterly Journal of Operations Research A St A ‐ Advances in Statistical Analysis AACE International Transactions Abacus: a journal of accounting, finance and business studies Academia Economic Papers Academy of Accounting and Financial Studies Journal Academy of Entrepreneurship Journal Academy of Information and Management Sciences Journal Academy of Management Journal Academy of Management Learning and Education Academy of Management Review Academy of Marketing Science Review Academy of Marketing Studies Journal Academy of Taiwan Business Management Review Accident Analysis and Prevention Accountancy Business and the Public Interest Accounting Accountability and Performance Accounting and Business Research Accounting and Finance Accounting and Taxation Accounting and the Public Interest Accounting Auditing and Accountability Journal Accounting Commerce and Finance: The Islamic Perspective Journal Accounting Education: An International Journal Accounting Educators' Journal Accounting Forum Accounting Historians Journal...
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...Gestalt Psychology Reflection Paper PSY/310 Desirèe Ray 2/1/16 Melody Thompson The word Gestalt means a unified whole. Based on that understanding, Gestalt psychology looks at things as a whole versus in pieces or parts. The thoughts of Gestalt psychology is that we are processing the world around us, we don’t just focus on the small, seemingly insignificant things. Instead our mind perceive our surroundings as parts of a greater whole. The Gestalt psychology school played a major role in the study of human perception and sensation. The guiding idea behind Gestalt psychology is that the whole is greater than the sum of its parts. Gestalt psychology was found by 3 principle psychologists. Max Wertheimer, Kurt Koffka, and Wolfgang Kohler. Max Wertheimer initially studied law, but took an interest in perception after noticing flashing train lights at a train station gave the illusion of motion. From there he went on to change his focus from law to psychology. While at the University of Frankfurt's Psychological Institute, he began to work with two assistants named Wolfgang Kohler and Kurt Koffka. The three colleagues and would go on to form the school of thought known as Gestalt psychology. Thanks to his work during his time at the New School for Social Research in New York City, it became one of the leading schools of psychology during the early part of the twentieth century. Psychologist Solomon Asch wrote of Max Wertheimer the “thinking of Max Wertheimer has penetrated...
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...Diversity In Organizations: Disability. Disability can be descibed as a person who has a physical or mental condition that limits their movements, senses, or activities. We use the terms 'mental' and 'physical' to describe disabilities. This definition is very broad though, and we will look at how organizations integrate people affected by disabilities in their organizations. In Ireland, The Disability Act 2005, aimed to persuade public and private compnaies to be proactive about employing people with disabilities within their organizations. In Taiwan, The People With Disabilities Rights Protection Act 2007, staetes that disabled people must comprise at least 1% of the work force at private organizations, and at least 3% of government offices over a certain size (67 employees), including public schools and state-owned enterprises. In The U.S., the Americans With Disabilities Act ADA, was introduced in 1990. The ADA immediately led to a surge in the amount of people classified as disabled joining the workforce. The ADA states that employers must mate 'reasonable accommodations' to their working environments for people with disabilities. It can be hard to measure the the relationship between disability and employment because the definiton of disabled is so broad. Just think of certain neurological disorders that are impossible to notice at a glance, like depression, addiction, or other personality disorders. The Equal Employment Commission in the US uses 'physical or mental...
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