...“The factors influencing and the rationale behind the establishment of Public Enterprises within Caribbean states” THE INFLUENCING FACTORS Reasons for setting up public enterprises were wide and varied. (C. Holder 1990). The countries of the English speaking Caribbean have traveled and endured a far distance; from freedom to couples of imperialistic societies achieved through colonialism; followed by wars and riots which lead to neocolonialism and finally to independence (Dominquez, Pastor and Worrel 1993). The post colonial era was the most active in relation to political thought and transformation as the social and economic issues of the “riot times” were examined. The minimal participation of the government in the laisser- faire ideological infrastructure that governed that period was the major purpose for change and as the full political responsibility for government was localized and the drive to industrialization spearheaded the drive for economic development trough the passage of Public Enterprises in Caribbean states. Caribbean governments wanted full participation in the commercial markets; what Mr. Norman Manly avidly describes as “commanding the heights of economy”. This thirst was quenched as some countries took steps toward the socialist perspective of controlling economies; this step caught the attention of other Caribbean governments and evoked further participation in the commercial and industrial development undertaken by governments. Social welfare...
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...abilities of their staff. Beardwell et al (2004) posits that “training is a planned process to modify attitude, knowledge or skill behaviour through learning experience to achieve effective performance in an activity or a range of activities. As it relates to the work environment it serves as a catalyst for development of the individual and to satisfy the needs of the organization”. (p. 313) In the era of globalization the role of the Training Administration Division (TAD) has assumed increased importance in Government’s Public Sector Reform initiative. In 1972 the scope of the Unit under study was expanded under the provisions of the Training Act 1972-25. It was during this period that the government of Barbados recognized the need for increased, more concentrated and effective training of ‘Civil Servants’. This initiative was supported in the Public Service Act, 2007-41 Part V. The Act addressed Management Training and Human Resource Development within the public service. To this end, the Division’s role has been focused on the creation of a training and development environment conducive to fostering...
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...Cornell –PKU Conference, June 9-11, 2008, Ithaca Legal Myth on Emergence of Social Enterprises in China By JIN Jinping∗∗ Abstract Is social enterprise a new form of organization, differ from for-profit ones and not-for-profit ones? The article tries to answer this question. The social enterprises seem blur the boundary between for-profit and not-for-profit in the objects, while they don’t break though the distinction between for-profit organization and not-for-profit organization, and the rules applied respectively. However the social enterprises can enjoy some special treatment, not base on the form of organization, but on the social benefit of their mission. We should deal with social enterprises and pure business enterprises differently, and shouldn’t ask the later to offer what they needn’t. Key words: Social Enterprises; Corporate Social Responsibility; Community Interest Company; the Triple Bottom Line PartⅠ. Introduction While “corporate social responsibility” is broadly concerned by the public, a new term “Social Enterprise” has been introduced and is gaining its popularity. There are quite a few incubators for social enterprises in practice, and some foundations have put ∗∗ Jin Jinping, Lecture in Peking University Law School. Email: jinjinping@yahoo.com.cn. 1 social enterprises at their priority list of their grantee.1 The term “Social Enterprise” is first used in a report of Organization for European Economic Co-operation,(OEEC)...
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...particular aspect in the multidisciplinary discourse of social enterprise. Social enterprise is being expressed in UK government policy literature as a progressive means to tackle social exclusion and social entrepreneurship is being articulated as a driving force for success. However there is still no meaningful consensus on a definition of social entrepreneurship and the critical individual and collective attributes of success are heavily contested in academic literature. This is simultaneously problematic in deliberating ways to encourage social enterprise and an opportunity to question critical assumptions about the role of social entrepreneurs in meeting social need. My research seeks to build on journal articles which I have previously published in this field (Lyne 2008, Ryan and Lyne 2008, Toner et al 2008). Background to social enterprise in the UK Social enterprises are commonly expressed as ‘businesses with social goals’ and the term ‘double (or triple) bottom line’ is often used when seeking to define social enterprise as trading activity which uses revenue surpluses to satisfy social and / or environmental objectives (SEC, 2003: 8, DTI, 2002). In the past decade it has been increasingly expressed that public sector welfare provision in the United Kingdom has become outdated and unsustainable while charitable models of meeting social need have also been cited as inappropriate and ineffective. Social enterprise has therefore been expressed with increasing enthusiasm within...
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...responsibilityshould be taken by stakeholders. Issues Internal BHP as a world's largest mineral enterprisehas 35,000 employees and distribute in 26 countries. In these 26 different countries, BHP needs to undertakedifferentsocial responsibility, but generally speaking there are 4 points. 1. The economic responsibility:Economic responsibilities include the responsibility to shareholders and creditors. Shareholder and creditor of the enterprise arean important class of stakeholders,whether the enterprise implement the social responsibility is related to enterprise's shareholders and creditors anticipated targets are realized.After BHP acquired the Tintaya Copper Mine, the Tintaya Copper Mine has a huge economic benefit, in 2005 won the 389 million revenues, net profit 196 million. 2. The responsibilityto the client: The customersare the enterprise’ products recipients and users, are also the important enterprise stakeholders.Whether enterprise profit and value can be realized, it has a large extent to depend on the customer's choice.BHP as mineral enterprise, which needs to service customers safe, high quality, reasonable pricemineral products, and perfect mineralservice.Peru has the richestmineral resources in South America; the Tintaya Copper Mine has many clients, such as China and India are the largest customers. 3. The responsibility to the community: The responsibility to the communityshould be formulated higher than the standard the law and it belongs to a kind of the moral...
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...Haryana E-mail: vaishaliarora1@gmail.com *Author to contact in case of any query. Social entrepreneurship Entrepreneurship is a topic of interest to academics, business people, and governments around the world. The dynamism and vitality of entrepreneurship research is reflected in the flow of new ideas and themes in the entrepreneurship literature. For many, mainstream entrepreneurship is inextricably bound with the creation of new technology firms, however, this is only part of a wide and varied terrain. The focus of this paper is social entrepreneurship - those activities associated with the perception of opportunities to create social value and the creation of social purpose organisations to pursue them. Social enterprises adopt financially sustainable strategies to pursue social aims, and address a wide range of social problems, such as unemployment, inequalities in access to health and social care services, low quality housing, high incidences of crime, deprivation and social exclusion. This paper categorises the...
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...“Digital Agenda for Europe”, “Innovation Union”, “Youth on the move” promotes entrepreneurship, by fostering entrepreneurial mindsets and related knowledge, skills and competences that can boost competitiveness and growth that will be smart, sustainable and inclusive. PRESS Rue de la Loi 175 B – 1048 BRUSSELS Tel.: +32 (0)2 281 6319 Fax: +32 (0)2 281 8026 press.office@consilium.europa.eu http://www.consilium.europa.eu/Newsroom 1 E 4. Entrepreneurship is an important driver of economic growth and job creation: it creates new companies and jobs, opens up new markets, improves productivity and creates wealth. An entrepreneurial mindset enhances a young person's employability. Entrepreneurship and in particular Small and Medium Sized enterprises (SMEs) are the backbone of the EU economy and represent the most important source of new employment.1 5. Cultures that value...
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...Technical Writing Project Cover Sheet Capstone Proposal Project Name: Upgrading ABC Inc. Internet Edge Student Name: Michael Wakefield Degree Program: Bachelor of Science IT-Security Mentor Name: Signature Block Student’s Signature Mentor’s Signature Table of Contents Capstone Proposal Summary 1 Review of Other Work 8 Rationale and Systems Analysis 16 Goals and Objectives 22 Project Deliverables 26 Project Plan and Timelines 27 References 28 Appendix 1: Competency Matrix 4 Capstone Proposal Summary Internet of Everything (IoE) and “Big Data” equates to competitive advantages to the modern business landscape. Numerous white papers are circulating on the Internet highlighting the business case supporting the IoE initiative. For instance, in a white paper conducted by Cisco Inc. on the Value Index of IoE in 2013 reported the following: In February 2013, Cisco released a study predicting that $14.4 trillion of value (net profit) will be at stake globally over the next decade, driven by connecting the unconnected –people-to-people (P2P), machine-to-people (M2P), and machine-to-machine (M2M) - via the Internet of Everything (IoE). Cisco defines the Internet of Everything as the networked connection of people, process, data, and things. The IoE creates new “capabilities, richer experiences, and unprecedented economic opportunity for businesses, individuals, and countries” (The Internet of Everything, Cisco, Inc. 2014). With such a...
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...Governments and Politics Term Paper April 30, 2015 Social Enterprises in China’s Modern Society Introduction The concept of social enterprises has been in existence and well adapted around the world for several decades. However, it was not until 2004 that social enterprise theory finally made its debut introduction in China’s society (FYSE 4). Over the following years, social entrepreneurship has gradually made its presence more apparent via direct contribution to the social-economic issues that the rapid-growing country has been facing. China’s phenomenal economic growth in such a short period of time has raised great concerns over sustainability and economic disparities. While the growth of social enterprises has helped addressing these concerns substantially as reported by many conducted studies, social enterprises remain as struggling entities in China due to complicated legal frameworks. The paper will deliberately discuss this social enterprise phenomenon on past successes, current challenges, and future potentials in its supporting role to an economically sustainable growth of China. Understanding the Social Enterprise Initiative Social enterprise is still considered a relatively new concept in the modern society despite being around for around three decades. The theory of social enterprise is most well recognized and embraced by the United Kingdom and other Western nations. A social enterprise is understood to be the meeting ground for philanthropic and commercial...
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...a “Global” enterprise as modeled by the authors B. Kogut in “What Makes a Company Global?” a Review of The Myth of the Global Corporation, M. Mangelsdorf in "Building a Transnational Company", INC. Magazine 1993, Bartlett and Ghoshal in "Managing across boarders New Strategic Requirements", Sloan Management Review, Summer 1987 and Johan Lembke in “Global competition in the information and communication technology Industry...", Business and Politics, v.4,#1, 2002. The contrast discussion will form around five factors identified as fundamental to operating across nations. Factor #1: The Significance of National Origin The authors appear to be evenly divided regarding the role the nation of origin plays in the formation, comparative advantage and effective operation of a global industry. Kogut and Mangelsdorf believe the nation plays a significant role in structure and operation. Kogut forms his entire article on the notion that the nationality of an enterprise is the sole determinate of comparative advantage. His theory is that if global markets remain free, nations will become elements of a global value chain. Kogut’s only variable for a global enterprise is how much to converge the various national operations. Conversely, Bartlett and Ghoshal (B&G) and most particularly, Lembke, indicate that the nation should not have to play a determining role in the enterprise. Rather B&G...
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... Instead of leaving social issues to government or big Corporations, social entrepreneurs find the things that are not working and solve the problem by changing the system. They create ideas and find solutions that are ethical, sustainable or user-friendly, thus convince societies to adopt these steps. Every leading social entrepreneur (Bill Gates/ Richard Bronson) are visionaries that are concerned with profit maximization but also the welfare of the public. Social entrepreneurship shapes the frontiers between the profit- oriented sectors and the non-profit oriented sectors as social enterprises can vary from for-profit community development organizations such as hybrid organizations which have both profit and non-profit elements. This is so because of the different traditions of social entrepreneurship in different parts of the world. Some examples of non-profit social enterprises are the Forest Stewardship Council (FSC), BRAC (NGO) or the Marine Stewardship Council (MSC) and some examples of profit oriented social enterprises are the Grameen bank in Bangladesh and SELCO. A good example of a social entrepreneur is Jordan Kassalow. He is the CEO and founder of VisionSpring. VisionSpring is a non-profit organization which was founded in 2001and its aim is to reduce poverty, provide job opportunities to the poor and provide affordable and low price eyeglasses in developing countries such as Bangladesh, India and Mexico. Currently, VisionSpring helps thousands of poor people...
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...What is social entrepreneurship? The animation is made to explain the concept of social entrepreneurship to the general public and raise awareness of the importance of this type of business.... Social entrepreneurship is the attempt to draw upon business techniques to find solutions to social problems.This concept may be applied to a variety of organizations with different sizes, aims, and beliefs. Conventional entrepreneurs typically measure performance in profit and return, but social entrepreneurs also take into account a positive return to society. Social entrepreneurship typically attempts to further broad social, cultural, and environmental goals is often associated with the voluntary sector. At times, profit also may be a consideration for certain companies or other social enterprises. There are continuing arguments over precisely who counts as a social entrepreneur. Thus far, there has been no consensus on the definition of social entrepreneurship, so many different sorts of fields and disciplines are associated with social entrepreneurship. Philanthropists, social activists, environmentalists, and other socially oriented practitioners are referred to as social entrepreneurs. For a clearer definition of what social entrepreneurship entails, it is necessary to set the function of social entrepreneurship apart from other socially oriented activities and identify the boundaries within which social entrepreneurs operate.[4] Some have advocated restricting the term...
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...of almost 7,000 public companies found that some 75 percent said they operated in only one industry segment during the 1985—1991 time frame [ (Reason, 2001) ]. Because many companies were not providing expected segment information, the FASB replaced FASB 14 with FASB131. Under FASB 131, segments are defined from a management perspective--how management organizes segments within the enterprise for making decisions and assessing performance [ (Albrecht & Chipalkatti, 1998) ]. Under FASB 131, the management approach to segment reporting requires that segment information must be consistent with a firm’s management or organizational approach. FASB 131 was established to help the SEC see how companies are managed through the eyes of the company management. This means that companies had to start reporting the same information that they use internally for evaluating segment performance and that is used in deciding how to allocate resources to segments [ (Alfonso, Hollie, & Yu, 2010) ]. FASB 131 establishes standards for the way that public business enterprises report information about operating segments in annual financial statements and requires that those enterprises report selected information about operating segments in interim financial reports issued to shareholders. It also establishes standards for related disclosures about products and services, geographic areas, and major customers. It requires that a public business enterprise report financial...
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...SEPTEMBER 27, 2000 Writing Enterprise Applications with Java™ 2 SDK, Enterprise Edition by Monica Pawlan SEPTEMBER 27, 2000 copyright ® 1995-99 Sun Microsystems, Inc. As used in this document, the terms “Java™ virtual machine” or “Java VM” mean a virtual machine for the Java platform. SEPTEMBER 27, 2000 III Preface This tutorial introduces you to the APIs, tools, and services provided in the Java™ 2 Enterprise Edition (J2EE) Software Developer Kit (SDK). You can get the free J2EE SDK (http://java.sun.com/j2ee/download.html) to use for demonstrations, prototyping, educational use, and verifying J2EE application portability. To support these uses the J2EE SDK comes with J2EE development and deployment tools, a Web server, Cloudscape database, Java Software application server, Extensible Markup Language (XML) support, the J2EE APIs, and Java Plug-In. Java Plug-In lets you run Java 2 applets in browsers that support an earlier release of the Java Runtime Environment (JRE). Note: This is a work in progress. Links to new lessons are turned on when they become available. Submit comments and suggestions to jdcee@sun.com PREFACE IV SEPTEMBER 27, 2000 PREFACE SEPTEMBER 27, 2000 V Contents Preface. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . iii Lesson 1 A Simple Session Bean. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .1 Example Thin-Client Multitiered Application 2 J2EE Software...
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...Within reading the articles of social enterprise versus the social economy I learned a lot about how each different organization plays a role in the market. Based on the reading and with doing some research I have found some key points that I agree and disagree upon. Based on the concept of a social enterprise and the concept of achieving a business strategy they can be structured for a non- profit or for profit organization. My only concern is that even though some are not for profit like The Red Cross still questions arise. Even though they are a non-profit organization the employers have to be getting something in order to meet the standard of living? And also the CEO of the red cross there making a profit? For example the CEO of the American Red Cross Marsha J. Evans yearly income was 651,957. So the question that comes up is how can they be considered non-profit if at the end of the day there making a great profit? Social enterprises differ in that, inversely, they do not aim to offer any benefit to their investors, except where they believe that doing so will ultimately further their capacity to realise their philanthropic goals. Many entrepreneurs, whilst running a profit focussed enterprise that they own, will make charitable gestures through the enterprise, expecting to make a loss in the process. However unless the social aim is the primary purpose of the company this is not considered to be social enterprise. The term is more specific, meaning...
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